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Author Ciprian Corneanu; Sergio Escalera; Aleix M. Martinez edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Computing the Testing Error Without a Testing Set Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication 33rd IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract (down) Oral. Paper award nominee.
Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have revolutionized computer vision. We now have DNNs that achieve top (performance) results in many problems, including object recognition, facial expression analysis, and semantic segmentation, to name but a few. The design of the DNNs that achieve top results is, however, non-trivial and mostly done by trailand-error. That is, typically, researchers will derive many DNN architectures (i.e., topologies) and then test them on multiple datasets. However, there are no guarantees that the selected DNN will perform well in the real world. One can use a testing set to estimate the performance gap between the training and testing sets, but avoiding overfitting-to-thetesting-data is almost impossible. Using a sequestered testing dataset may address this problem, but this requires a constant update of the dataset, a very expensive venture. Here, we derive an algorithm to estimate the performance gap between training and testing that does not require any testing dataset. Specifically, we derive a number of persistent topology measures that identify when a DNN is learning to generalize to unseen samples. This allows us to compute the DNN’s testing error on unseen samples, even when we do not have access to them. We provide extensive experimental validation on multiple networks and datasets to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
 
  Address Virtual CVPR  
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  Area Expedition Conference CVPR  
  Notes HuPBA; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ CEM2020 Serial 3437  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Margarita Torre; Beatriz Remeseiro; Petia Radeva; Fernando Martinez edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title DeepNEM: Deep Network Energy-Minimization for Agricultural Field Segmentation Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing Abbreviated Journal JSTAEOR  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages 726-737  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (down) One of the main characteristics of agricultural fields is that the appearance of different crops and their growth status, in an aerial image, is varied, and has a wide range of radiometric values and high level of variability. The extraction of these fields and their monitoring are activities that require a high level of human intervention. In this article, we propose a novel automatic algorithm, named deep network energy-minimization (DeepNEM), to extract agricultural fields in aerial images. The model-guided process selects the most relevant image clues extracted by a deep network, completes them and finally generates regions that represent the agricultural fields under a minimization scheme. DeepNEM has been tested over a broad range of fields in terms of size, shape, and content. Different measures were used to compare the DeepNEM with other methods, and to prove that it represents an improved approach to achieve a high-quality segmentation of agricultural fields. Furthermore, this article also presents a new public dataset composed of 1200 images with their parcels boundaries annotations.  
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  Notes MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ TRR2020 Serial 3410  
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Author Yaxing Wang; Abel Gonzalez-Garcia; David Berga; Luis Herranz; Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Joost Van de Weijer edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title MineGAN: effective knowledge transfer from GANs to target domains with few images Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication 33rd IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (down) One of the attractive characteristics of deep neural networks is their ability to transfer knowledge obtained in one domain to other related domains. As a result, high-quality networks can be trained in domains with relatively little training data. This property has been extensively studied for discriminative networks but has received significantly less attention for generative models. Given the often enormous effort required to train GANs, both computationally as well as in the dataset collection, the re-use of pretrained GANs is a desirable objective. We propose a novel knowledge transfer method for generative models based on mining the knowledge that is most beneficial to a specific target domain, either from a single or multiple pretrained GANs. This is done using a miner network that identifies which part of the generative distribution of each pretrained GAN outputs samples closest to the target domain. Mining effectively steers GAN sampling towards suitable regions of the latent space, which facilitates the posterior finetuning and avoids pathologies of other methods such as mode collapse and lack of flexibility. We perform experiments on several complex datasets using various GAN architectures (BigGAN, Progressive GAN) and show that the proposed method, called MineGAN, effectively transfers knowledge to domains with few target images, outperforming existing methods. In addition, MineGAN can successfully transfer knowledge from multiple pretrained GANs.  
  Address Virtual CVPR  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference CVPR  
  Notes LAMP; 600.109; 600.141; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ WGB2020 Serial 3421  
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Author Gabriel Villalonga; Joost Van de Weijer; Antonio Lopez edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Recognizing new classes with synthetic data in the loop: application to traffic sign recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages 583  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (down) On-board vision systems may need to increase the number of classes that can be recognized in a relatively short period. For instance, a traffic sign recognition system may suddenly be required to recognize new signs. Since collecting and annotating samples of such new classes may need more time than we wish, especially for uncommon signs, we propose a method to generate these samples by combining synthetic images and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) technology. In particular, the GAN is trained on synthetic and real-world samples from known classes to perform synthetic-to-real domain adaptation, but applied to synthetic samples of the new classes. Using the Tsinghua dataset with a synthetic counterpart, SYNTHIA-TS, we have run an extensive set of experiments. The results show that the proposed method is indeed effective, provided that we use a proper Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to perform the traffic sign recognition (classification) task as well as a proper GAN to transform the synthetic images. Here, a ResNet101-based classifier and domain adaptation based on CycleGAN performed extremely well for a ratio∼ 1/4 for new/known classes; even for more challenging ratios such as∼ 4/1, the results are also very positive.  
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  Notes LAMP; ADAS; 600.118; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ VWL2020 Serial 3405  
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Author B. Gautam; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Joana Maria Pujadas-Mora; Miquel Valls-Figols edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Knowledge graph based methods for record linkage Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Pattern Recognition Letters Abbreviated Journal PRL  
  Volume 136 Issue Pages 127-133  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (down) Nowadays, it is common in Historical Demography the use of individual-level data as a consequence of a predominant life-course approach for the understanding of the demographic behaviour, family transition, mobility, etc. Advanced record linkage is key since it allows increasing the data complexity and its volume to be analyzed. However, current methods are constrained to link data from the same kind of sources. Knowledge graph are flexible semantic representations, which allow to encode data variability and semantic relations in a structured manner.

In this paper we propose the use of knowledge graph methods to tackle record linkage tasks. The proposed method, named WERL, takes advantage of the main knowledge graph properties and learns embedding vectors to encode census information. These embeddings are properly weighted to maximize the record linkage performance. We have evaluated this method on benchmark data sets and we have compared it to related methods with stimulating and satisfactory results.
 
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  Notes DAG; 600.140; 600.121 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GRP2020 Serial 3453  
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Author Beata Megyesi; Bernhard Esslinger; Alicia Fornes; Nils Kopal; Benedek Lang; George Lasry; Karl de Leeuw; Eva Pettersson; Arno Wacker; Michelle Waldispuhl edit  url
openurl 
  Title Decryption of historical manuscripts: the DECRYPT project Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Cryptologia Abbreviated Journal CRYPT  
  Volume 44 Issue 6 Pages 545-559  
  Keywords automatic decryption; cipher collection; historical cryptology; image transcription  
  Abstract (down) Many historians and linguists are working individually and in an uncoordinated fashion on the identification and decryption of historical ciphers. This is a time-consuming process as they often work without access to automatic methods and processes that can accelerate the decipherment. At the same time, computer scientists and cryptologists are developing algorithms to decrypt various cipher types without having access to a large number of original ciphertexts. In this paper, we describe the DECRYPT project aiming at the creation of resources and tools for historical cryptology by bringing the expertise of various disciplines together for collecting data, exchanging methods for faster progress to transcribe, decrypt and contextualize historical encrypted manuscripts. We present our goals and work-in progress of a general approach for analyzing historical encrypted manuscripts using standardized methods and a new set of state-of-the-art tools. We release the data and tools as open-source hoping that all mentioned disciplines would benefit and contribute to the research infrastructure of historical cryptology.  
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  Notes DAG; 600.140; 600.121 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MEF2020 Serial 3347  
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Author Jialuo Chen; M.A.Souibgui; Alicia Fornes; Beata Megyesi edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title A Web-based Interactive Transcription Tool for Encrypted Manuscripts Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication 3rd International Conference on Historical Cryptology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 52-59  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (down) Manual transcription of handwritten text is a time consuming task. In the case of encrypted manuscripts, the recognition is even more complex due to the huge variety of alphabets and symbol sets. To speed up and ease this process, we present a web-based tool aimed to (semi)-automatically transcribe the encrypted sources. The user uploads one or several images of the desired encrypted document(s) as input, and the system returns the transcription(s). This process is carried out in an interactive fashion with
the user to obtain more accurate results. For discovering and testing, the developed web tool is freely available.
 
  Address Virtual; June 2020  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference HistoCrypt  
  Notes DAG; 600.140; 602.230; 600.121 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ CSF2020 Serial 3447  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Raul Gomez edit  isbn
openurl 
  Title Exploiting the Interplay between Visual and Textual Data for Scene Interpretation Type Book Whole
  Year 2020 Publication PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract (down) Machine learning experimentation under controlled scenarios and standard datasets is necessary to compare algorithms performance by evaluating all of them in the same setup. However, experimentation on how those algorithms perform on unconstrained data and applied tasks to solve real world problems is also a must to ascertain how that research can contribute to our society.
In this dissertation we experiment with the latest computer vision and natural language processing algorithms applying them to multimodal scene interpretation. Particularly, we research on how image and text understanding can be jointly exploited to address real world problems, focusing on learning from Social Media data.
We address several tasks that involve image and textual information, discuss their characteristics and offer our experimentation conclusions. First, we work on detection of scene text in images. Then, we work with Social Media posts, exploiting the captions associated to images as supervision to learn visual features, which we apply to multimodal semantic image retrieval. Subsequently, we work with geolocated Social Media images with associated tags, experimenting on how to use the tags as supervision, on location sensitive image retrieval and on exploiting location information for image tagging. Finally, we work on a specific classification problem of Social Media publications consisting on an image and a text: Multimodal hate speech classification.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis  
  Publisher Ediciones Graficas Rey Place of Publication Editor Dimosthenis Karatzas;Lluis Gomez;Jaume Gibert  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-84-121011-7-1 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG; 600.121 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Gom20 Serial 3479  
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Author Razieh Rastgoo; Kourosh Kiani; Sergio Escalera edit  url
openurl 
  Title Hand pose aware multimodal isolated sign language recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Multimedia Tools and Applications Abbreviated Journal MTAP  
  Volume 80 Issue Pages 127–163  
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  Abstract (down) Isolated hand sign language recognition from video is a challenging research area in computer vision. Some of the most important challenges in this area include dealing with hand occlusion, fast hand movement, illumination changes, or background complexity. While most of the state-of-the-art results in the field have been achieved using deep learning-based models, the previous challenges are not completely solved. In this paper, we propose a hand pose aware model for isolated hand sign language recognition using deep learning approaches from two input modalities, RGB and depth videos. Four spatial feature types: pixel-level, flow, deep hand, and hand pose features, fused from both visual modalities, are input to LSTM for temporal sign recognition. While we use Optical Flow (OF) for flow information in RGB video inputs, Scene Flow (SF) is used for depth video inputs. By including hand pose features, we show a consistent performance improvement of the sign language recognition model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this discriminant spatiotemporal features, benefiting from the hand pose estimation features and multi-modal inputs, are fused for isolated hand sign language recognition. We perform a step-by-step analysis of the impact in terms of recognition performance of the hand pose features, different combinations of the spatial features, and different recurrent models, especially LSTM and GRU. Results on four public datasets confirm that the proposed model outperforms the current state-of-the-art models on Montalbano II, MSR Daily Activity 3D, and CAD-60 datasets with a relative accuracy improvement of 1.64%, 6.5%, and 7.6%. Furthermore, our model obtains a competitive results on isoGD dataset with only 0.22% margin lower than the current state-of-the-art model.  
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  Notes HUPBA; no menciona Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RKE2020 Serial 3524  
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Author Josep Famadas; Meysam Madadi; Cristina Palmero; Sergio Escalera edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Generative Video Face Reenactment by AUs and Gaze Regularization Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication 15th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 444-451  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (down) In this work, we propose an encoder-decoder-like architecture to perform face reenactment in image sequences. Our goal is to transfer the training subject identity to a given test subject. We regularize face reenactment by facial action unit intensity and 3D gaze vector regression. This way, we enforce the network to transfer subtle facial expressions and eye dynamics, providing a more lifelike result. The proposed encoder-decoder receives as input the previous sequence frame stacked to the current frame image of facial landmarks. Thus, the generated frames benefit from appearance and geometry, while keeping temporal coherence for the generated sequence. At test stage, a new target subject with the facial performance of the source subject and the appearance of the training subject is reenacted. Principal component analysis is applied to project the test subject geometry to the closest training subject geometry before reenactment. Evaluation of our proposal shows faster convergence, and more accurate and realistic results in comparison to other architectures without action units and gaze regularization.  
  Address Virtual; November 2020  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
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  Area Expedition Conference FG  
  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ FMP2020 Serial 3517  
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Author Raul Gomez; Jaume Gibert; Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Exploring Hate Speech Detection in Multimodal Publications Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract (down) In this work we target the problem of hate speech detection in multimodal publications formed by a text and an image. We gather and annotate a large scale dataset from Twitter, MMHS150K, and propose different models that jointly analyze textual and visual information for hate speech detection, comparing them with unimodal detection. We provide quantitative and qualitative results and analyze the challenges of the proposed task. We find that, even though images are useful for the hate speech detection task, current multimodal models cannot outperform models analyzing only text. We discuss why and open the field and the dataset for further research.  
  Address Aspen; March 2020  
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  Area Expedition Conference WACV  
  Notes DAG; 600.121; 600.129 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GGG2020a Serial 3280  
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Author Lorenzo Porzi; Markus Hofinger; Idoia Ruiz; Joan Serrat; Samuel Rota Bulo; Peter Kontschieder edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Learning Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation from Automatic Annotations Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication 33rd IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 6845-6854  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (down) In this work we contribute a novel pipeline to automatically generate training data, and to improve over state-of-the-art multi-object tracking and segmentation (MOTS) methods. Our proposed track mining algorithm turns raw street-level videos into high-fidelity MOTS training data, is scalable and overcomes the need of expensive and time-consuming manual annotation approaches. We leverage state-of-the-art instance segmentation results in combination with optical flow predictions, also trained on automatically harvested training data. Our second major contribution is MOTSNet – a deep learning, tracking-by-detection architecture for MOTS – deploying a novel mask-pooling layer for improved object association over time. Training MOTSNet with our automatically extracted data leads to significantly improved sMOTSA scores on the novel KITTI MOTS dataset (+1.9%/+7.5% on cars/pedestrians), and MOTSNet improves by +4.1% over previously best methods on the MOTSChallenge dataset. Our most impressive finding is that we can improve over previous best-performing works, even in complete absence of manually annotated MOTS training data.  
  Address virtual; June 2020  
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  Area Expedition Conference CVPR  
  Notes ADAS; 600.124; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PHR2020 Serial 3402  
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Author Razieh Rastgoo; Kourosh Kiani; Sergio Escalera edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Video-based Isolated Hand Sign Language Recognition Using a Deep Cascaded Model Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Multimedia Tools and Applications Abbreviated Journal MTAP  
  Volume 79 Issue Pages 22965–22987  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (down) In this paper, we propose an efficient cascaded model for sign language recognition taking benefit from spatio-temporal hand-based information using deep learning approaches, especially Single Shot Detector (SSD), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), from videos. Our simple yet efficient and accurate model includes two main parts: hand detection and sign recognition. Three types of spatial features, including hand features, Extra Spatial Hand Relation (ESHR) features, and Hand Pose (HP) features, have been fused in the model to feed to LSTM for temporal features extraction. We train SSD model for hand detection using some videos collected from five online sign dictionaries. Our model is evaluated on our proposed dataset (Rastgoo et al., Expert Syst Appl 150: 113336, 2020), including 10’000 sign videos for 100 Persian sign using 10 contributors in 10 different backgrounds, and isoGD dataset. Using the 5-fold cross-validation method, our model outperforms state-of-the-art alternatives in sign language recognition  
  Address  
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  Notes HuPBA; no menciona Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RKE2020b Serial 3442  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Meysam Madadi; Hugo Bertiche; Sergio Escalera edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title SMPLR: Deep learning based SMPL reverse for 3D human pose and shape recovery Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 106 Issue Pages 107472  
  Keywords Deep learning; 3D Human pose; Body shape; SMPL; Denoising autoencoder; Volumetric stack hourglass  
  Abstract (down) In this paper we propose to embed SMPL within a deep-based model to accurately estimate 3D pose and shape from a still RGB image. We use CNN-based 3D joint predictions as an intermediate representation to regress SMPL pose and shape parameters. Later, 3D joints are reconstructed again in the SMPL output. This module can be seen as an autoencoder where the encoder is a deep neural network and the decoder is SMPL model. We refer to this as SMPL reverse (SMPLR). By implementing SMPLR as an encoder-decoder we avoid the need of complex constraints on pose and shape. Furthermore, given that in-the-wild datasets usually lack accurate 3D annotations, it is desirable to lift 2D joints to 3D without pairing 3D annotations with RGB images. Therefore, we also propose a denoising autoencoder (DAE) module between CNN and SMPLR, able to lift 2D joints to 3D and partially recover from structured error. We evaluate our method on SURREAL and Human3.6M datasets, showing improvement over SMPL-based state-of-the-art alternatives by about 4 and 12 mm, respectively.  
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  Notes HuPBA; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MBE2020 Serial 3439  
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Author Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Lluis Albarracin; F. Javier Sanchez edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Graph-Based Problem Explorer: A Software Tool to Support Algorithm Design Learning While Solving the Salesperson Problem Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Mathematics Abbreviated Journal MATH  
  Volume 20 Issue 8(9) Pages 1595  
  Keywords STEM education; Project-based learning; Coding; software tool  
  Abstract (down) In this article, we present a sequence of activities in the form of a project in order to promote
learning on design and analysis of algorithms. The project is based on the resolution of a real problem, the salesperson problem, and it is theoretically grounded on the fundamentals of mathematical modelling. In order to support the students’ work, a multimedia tool, called Graph-based Problem Explorer (GbPExplorer), has been designed and refined to promote the development of computer literacy in engineering and science university students. This tool incorporates several modules to allow coding different algorithmic techniques solving the salesman problem. Based on an educational design research along five years, we observe that working with GbPExplorer during the project provides students with the possibility of representing the situation to be studied in the form of graphs and analyze them from a computational point of view.
 
  Address September 2020  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes IAM; ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Serial 3722  
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