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Author |
Fadi Dornaika; Bogdan Raducanu |
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Title |
Subtle Facial Expression Recognition in Still Images and Videos |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Advances in Face Image Analysis: Techniques and Technologies |
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14 |
Pages |
259-277 |
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This chapter addresses the recognition of basic facial expressions. It has three main contributions. First, the authors introduce a view- and texture independent schemes that exploits facial action parameters estimated by an appearance-based 3D face tracker. they represent the learned facial actions associated with different facial expressions by time series. Two dynamic recognition schemes are proposed: (1) the first is based on conditional predictive models and on an analysis-synthesis scheme, and (2) the second is based on examples allowing straightforward use of machine learning approaches. Second, the authors propose an efficient recognition scheme based on the detection of keyframes in videos. Third, the authors compare the dynamic scheme with a static one based on analyzing individual snapshots and show that in general the former performs better than the latter. The authors then provide evaluations of performance using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Non parametric Discriminant Analysis (NDA), and Support Vector Machines (SVM). |
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IGI-Global |
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New York, USA |
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Yu-Jin Zhang |
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978-1-6152-0991-0 |
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OR;MV |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ DoR2011 |
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1751 |
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Author |
Carme Julia; Felipe Lumbreras; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
A Factorization-based Approach to Photometric Stereo |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology |
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IJIST |
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Volume |
21 |
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1 |
Pages |
115-119 |
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This article presents an adaptation of a factorization technique to tackle the photometric stereo problem. That is to recover the surface normals and reflectance of an object from a set of images obtained under different lighting conditions. The main contribution of the proposed approach is to consider pixels in shadow and saturated regions as missing data, in order to reduce their influence to the result. Concretely, an adapted Alternation technique is used to deal with missing data. Experimental results considering both synthetic and real images show the viability of the proposed factorization-based strategy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 21, 115–119, 2011. |
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Admin @ si @ JLS2011; ADAS @ adas @ |
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1711 |
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Author |
David Fernandez; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
Handwritten Word Spotting in Old Manuscript Images Using a Pseudo-Structural Descriptor Organized in a Hash Structure |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
5th Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis |
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Volume |
6669 |
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Pages |
628-635 |
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There are lots of historical handwritten documents with information that can be used for several studies and projects. The Document Image Analysis and Recognition community is interested in preserving these documents and extracting all the valuable information from them. Handwritten word-spotting is the pattern classification task which consists in detecting handwriting word images. In this work, we have used a query-by-example formalism: we have matched an input image with one or multiple images from handwritten documents to determine the distance that might indicate a correspondence. We have developed an approach based in characteristic Loci Features stored in a hash structure. Document images of the marriage licences of the Cathedral of Barcelona are used as the benchmarking database. |
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Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Spain |
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Jordi Vitria; Joao Miguel Raposo; Mario Hernandez |
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978-3-642-21256-7 |
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IbPRIA |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ FLF2011 |
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1742 |
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Author |
Jordi Roca; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell |
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Title |
Categorical Focal Colours are Structurally Invariant Under Illuminant Changes |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
European Conference on Visual Perception |
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196 |
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The visual system perceives the colour of surfaces approximately constant under changes of illumination. In this work, we investigate how stable is the perception of categorical \“focal\” colours and their interrelations with varying illuminants and simple chromatic backgrounds. It has been proposed that best examples of colour categories across languages cluster in small regions of the colour space and are restricted to a set of 11 basic terms (Kay and Regier, 2003 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 100 9085\–9089). Following this, we developed a psychophysical paradigm that exploits the ability of subjects to reliably reproduce the most representative examples of each category, adjusting multiple test patches embedded in a coloured Mondrian. The experiment was run on a CRT monitor (inside a dark room) under various simulated illuminants. We modelled the recorded data for each subject and adapted state as a 3D interconnected structure (graph) in Lab space. The graph nodes were the subject\’s focal colours at each adaptation state. The model allowed us to get a better distance measure between focal structures under different illuminants. We found that perceptual focal structures tend to be preserved better than the structures of the physical \“ideal\” colours under illuminant changes. |
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Perception 40 |
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ECVP |
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CIC |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ RPV2011 |
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1867 |
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Author |
Eduard Vazquez; Ramon Baldrich; Joost Van de Weijer; Maria Vanrell |
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Title |
Describing Reflectances for Colour Segmentation Robust to Shadows, Highlights and Textures |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
Abbreviated Journal |
TPAMI |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
917-930 |
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Abstract |
The segmentation of a single material reflectance is a challenging problem due to the considerable variation in image measurements caused by the geometry of the object, shadows, and specularities. The combination of these effects has been modeled by the dichromatic reflection model. However, the application of the model to real-world images is limited due to unknown acquisition parameters and compression artifacts. In this paper, we present a robust model for the shape of a single material reflectance in histogram space. The method is based on a multilocal creaseness analysis of the histogram which results in a set of ridges representing the material reflectances. The segmentation method derived from these ridges is robust to both shadow, shading and specularities, and texture in real-world images. We further complete the method by incorporating prior knowledge from image statistics, and incorporate spatial coherence by using multiscale color contrast information. Results obtained show that our method clearly outperforms state-of-the-art segmentation methods on a widely used segmentation benchmark, having as a main characteristic its excellent performance in the presence of shadows and highlights at low computational cost. |
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Los Alamitos; CA; USA; |
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IEEE Computer Society |
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0162-8828 |
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CIC |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ VBW2011 |
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1715 |
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Author |
Antonio Hernandez; Carlo Gatta; Sergio Escalera; Laura Igual; Victoria Martin Yuste; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Accurate and Robust Fully-Automatic QCA: Method and Numerical Validation |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
14th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
496-503 |
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Abstract |
The Quantitative Coronary Angiography (QCA) is a methodology used to evaluate the arterial diseases and, in particular, the degree of stenosis. In this paper we propose AQCA, a fully automatic method for vessel segmentation based on graph cut theory. Vesselness, geodesic paths and a new multi-scale edgeness map are used to compute a globally optimal artery segmentation. We evaluate the method performance in a rigorous numerical way on two datasets. The method can detect an artery with precision 92.9 +/- 5% and sensitivity 94.2 +/- 6%. The average absolute distance error between detected and ground truth centerline is 1.13 +/- 0.11 pixels (about 0.27 +/- 0.025 mm) and the absolute relative error in the vessel caliber estimation is 2.93% with almost no bias. Moreover, the method can discriminate between arteries and catheter with an accuracy of 96.4%. |
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Toronto, Canada |
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Springer |
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978-3-642-23625-9 |
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MICCAI |
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Notes |
MILAB;HuPBA |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ HGE2011 |
Serial |
1769 |
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Author |
Olivier Penacchio; C. Alejandro Parraga |
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Title |
What is the best criterion for an efficient design of retinal photoreceptor mosaics? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Perception |
Abbreviated Journal |
PER |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
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Pages |
197 |
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The proportions of L, M and S photoreceptors in the primate retina are arguably determined by evolutionary pressure and the statistics of the visual environment. Two information theory-based approaches have been recently proposed for explaining the asymmetrical spatial densities of photoreceptors in humans. In the first approach Garrigan et al (2010 PLoS ONE 6 e1000677), a model for computing the information transmitted by cone arrays which considers the differential blurring produced by the long-wavelength accommodation of the eye’s lens is proposed. Their results explain the sparsity of S-cones but the optimum depends weakly on the L:M cone ratio. In the second approach (Penacchio et al, 2010 Perception 39 ECVP Supplement, 101), we show that human cone arrays make the visual representation scale-invariant, allowing the total entropy of the signal to be preserved while decreasing individual neurons’ entropy in further retinotopic representations. This criterion provides a thorough description of the distribution of L:M cone ratios and does not depend on differential blurring of the signal by the lens. Here, we investigate the similarities and differences of both approaches when applied to the same database. Our results support a 2-criteria optimization in the space of cone ratios whose components are arguably important and mostly unrelated.
[This work was partially funded by projects TIN2010-21771-C02-1 and Consolider-Ingenio 2010-CSD2007-00018 from the Spanish MICINN. CAP was funded by grant RYC-2007-00484] |
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CIC |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ PeP2011a |
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1719 |
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Author |
Maria Vanrell; Naila Murray; Robert Benavente; C. Alejandro Parraga; Xavier Otazu; Ramon Baldrich |
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Title |
Perception Based Representations for Computational Colour |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
3rd International Workshop on Computational Color Imaging |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6626 |
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Pages |
16-30 |
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Keywords |
colour perception, induction, naming, psychophysical data, saliency, segmentation |
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The perceived colour of a stimulus is dependent on multiple factors stemming out either from the context of the stimulus or idiosyncrasies of the observer. The complexity involved in combining these multiple effects is the main reason for the gap between classical calibrated colour spaces from colour science and colour representations used in computer vision, where colour is just one more visual cue immersed in a digital image where surfaces, shadows and illuminants interact seemingly out of control. With the aim to advance a few steps towards bridging this gap we present some results on computational representations of colour for computer vision. They have been developed by introducing perceptual considerations derived from the interaction of the colour of a point with its context. We show some techniques to represent the colour of a point influenced by assimilation and contrast effects due to the image surround and we show some results on how colour saliency can be derived in real images. We outline a model for automatic assignment of colour names to image points directly trained on psychophysical data. We show how colour segments can be perceptually grouped in the image by imposing shading coherence in the colour space. |
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Milan, Italy |
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Springer-Verlag |
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Editor |
Raimondo Schettini, Shoji Tominaga, Alain Trémeau |
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LNCS |
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978-3-642-20403-6 |
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CCIW |
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CIC |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ VMB2011 |
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1733 |
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Author |
Miquel Ferrer; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Ernest Valveny; I. Bardaji; Horst Bunke |
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Title |
A Generic Framework for Median Graph Computation based on a Recursive Embedding Approach |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Computer Vision and Image Understanding |
Abbreviated Journal |
CVIU |
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Volume |
115 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
919-928 |
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Median Graph, Graph Embedding, Graph Matching, Structural Pattern Recognition |
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Abstract |
The median graph has been shown to be a good choice to obtain a represen- tative of a set of graphs. However, its computation is a complex problem. Recently, graph embedding into vector spaces has been proposed to obtain approximations of the median graph. The problem with such an approach is how to go from a point in the vector space back to a graph in the graph space. The main contribution of this paper is the generalization of this previ- ous method, proposing a generic recursive procedure that permits to recover the graph corresponding to a point in the vector space, introducing only the amount of approximation inherent to the use of graph matching algorithms. In order to evaluate the proposed method, we compare it with the set me- dian and with the other state-of-the-art embedding-based methods for the median graph computation. The experiments are carried out using four dif- ferent databases (one semi-artificial and three containing real-world data). Results show that with the proposed approach we can obtain better medi- ans, in terms of the sum of distances to the training graphs, than with the previous existing methods. |
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DAG |
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no |
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IAM @ iam @ FKV2011 |
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1831 |
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Author |
Pierluigi Casale |
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Title |
Approximate Ensemble Methods for Physical Activity Recognition Applications |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat de Barcelona-CVC |
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The main interest of this thesis focuses on computational methodologies able to
reduce the degree of complexity of learning algorithms and its application to physical
activity recognition.
Random Projections will be used to reduce the computational complexity in Multiple Classifier Systems. A new boosting algorithm and a new one-class classification
methodology have been developed. In both cases, random projections are used for
reducing the dimensionality of the problem and for generating diversity, exploiting in
this way the benefits that ensembles of classifiers provide in terms of performances
and stability. Moreover, the new one-class classification methodology, based on an ensemble strategy able to approximate a multidimensional convex-hull, has been proved
to over-perform state-of-the-art one-class classification methodologies.
The practical focus of the thesis is towards Physical Activity Recognition. A new
hardware platform for wearable computing application has been developed and used
for collecting data of activities of daily living allowing to study the optimal features
set able to successful classify activities.
Based on the classification methodologies developed and the study conducted on
physical activity classification, a machine learning architecture capable to provide a
continuous authentication mechanism for mobile-devices users has been worked out,
as last part of the thesis. The system, based on a personalized classifier, states on
the analysis of the characteristic gait patterns typical of each individual ensuring an
unobtrusive and continuous authentication mechanism |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Oriol Pujol;Petia Radeva |
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MILAB |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ Cas2011 |
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1837 |
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Author |
Naveen Onkarappa; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Space Variant Representations for Mobile Platform Vision Applications |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
14th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns |
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6855 |
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II |
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146-154 |
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The log-polar space variant representation, motivated by biological vision, has been widely studied in the literature. Its data reduction and invariance properties made it useful in many vision applications. However, due to its nature, it fails in preserving features in the periphery. In the current work, as an attempt to overcome this problem, we propose a novel space-variant representation. It is evaluated and proved to be better than the log-polar representation in preserving the peripheral information, crucial for on-board mobile vision applications. The evaluation is performed by comparing log-polar and the proposed representation once they are used for estimating dense optical flow. |
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Seville, Spain |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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P. Real, D. Diaz, H. Molina, A. Berciano, W. Kropatsch |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-642-23677-8 |
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CAIP |
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ADAS |
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no |
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NaS2011; ADAS @ adas @ |
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1686 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jaume Gibert; Ernest Valveny; Horst Bunke |
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Title |
Dimensionality Reduction for Graph of Words Embedding |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
8th IAPR-TC-15 International Workshop. Graph-Based Representations in Pattern Recognition |
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6658 |
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22-31 |
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The Graph of Words Embedding consists in mapping every graph of a given dataset to a feature vector by counting unary and binary relations between node attributes of the graph. While it shows good properties in classification problems, it suffers from high dimensionality and sparsity. These two issues are addressed in this article. Two well-known techniques for dimensionality reduction, kernel principal component analysis (kPCA) and independent component analysis (ICA), are applied to the embedded graphs. We discuss their performance compared to the classification of the original vectors on three different public databases of graphs. |
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Münster, Germany |
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Xiaoyi Jiang; Miquel Ferrer; Andrea Torsello |
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LNCS |
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978-3-642-20843-0 |
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GbRPR |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ GVB2011a |
Serial |
1743 |
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Author |
Jaume Gibert; Ernest Valveny; Horst Bunke |
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Title |
Vocabulary Selection for Graph of Words Embedding |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
5th Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6669 |
Issue |
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Pages |
216-223 |
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Abstract |
The Graph of Words Embedding consists in mapping every graph in a given dataset to a feature vector by counting unary and binary relations between node attributes of the graph. It has been shown to perform well for graphs with discrete label alphabets. In this paper we extend the methodology to graphs with n-dimensional continuous attributes by selecting node representatives. We propose three different discretization procedures for the attribute space and experimentally evaluate the dependence on both the selector and the number of node representatives. In the context of graph classification, the experimental results reveal that on two out of three public databases the proposed extension achieves superior performance over a standard reference system. |
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Address |
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Spain |
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Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
Berlin |
Editor |
Vitria, Jordi; Sanches, João Miguel Raposo; Hernández, Mario |
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LNCS |
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ISBN |
978-3-642-21256-7 |
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IbPRIA |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ GVB2011b |
Serial |
1744 |
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Author |
Carlo Gatta; Simone Balocco; Victoria Martin Yuste; Ruben Leta; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Non-rigid Multi-modal Registration of Coronary Arteries Using SIFTflow |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
5th Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6669 |
Issue |
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Pages |
159-166 |
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Abstract |
The fusion of clinically relevant information coming from different image modalities is an important topic in medical imaging. In particular, different cardiac imaging modalities provides complementary information for the physician: Computer Tomography Angiography (CTA) provides reliable pre-operative information on arteries geometry, even in the presence of chronic total occlusions, while X-Ray Angiography (XRA) allows intra-operative high resolution projections of a specific artery. The non-rigid registration of arteries between these two modalities is a difficult task. In this paper we propose the use of SIFTflow, in registering CTA and XRA images. At the best of our knowledge, this paper proposed SIFTflow as a XRay-CTA registration method for the first time in the literature. To highlight the arteries, so to guide the registration process, the well known Vesselness method has been employed. Results confirm that, to the aim of registration, the arteries must be highlighted and background objects removed as much as possible. Moreover, the comparison with the well known Free Form Deformation technique, suggests that SIFTflow has a great potential in the registration of multi-modal medical images. |
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Address |
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Spain |
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Publisher |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
Place of Publication |
Berlin |
Editor |
Jordi Vitria; Joao Miguel Sanches; Mario Hernandez |
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LNCS |
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ISSN |
0302-9743 |
ISBN |
978-3-642-21256-7 |
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IbPRIA |
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Notes |
MILAB |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ GBM2011 |
Serial |
1752 |
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Author |
Carles Fernandez; Pau Baiget; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Augmenting Video Surveillance Footage with Virtual Agents for Incremental Event Evaluation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
PRL |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
878–889 |
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Abstract |
The fields of segmentation, tracking and behavior analysis demand for challenging video resources to test, in a scalable manner, complex scenarios like crowded environments or scenes with high semantics. Nevertheless, existing public databases cannot scale the presence of appearing agents, which would be useful to study long-term occlusions and crowds. Moreover, creating these resources is expensive and often too particularized to specific needs. We propose an augmented reality framework to increase the complexity of image sequences in terms of occlusions and crowds, in a scalable and controllable manner. Existing datasets can be increased with augmented sequences containing virtual agents. Such sequences are automatically annotated, thus facilitating evaluation in terms of segmentation, tracking, and behavior recognition. In order to easily specify the desired contents, we propose a natural language interface to convert input sentences into virtual agent behaviors. Experimental tests and validation in indoor, street, and soccer environments are provided to show the feasibility of the proposed approach in terms of robustness, scalability, and semantics. |
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Elsevier |
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ISE |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ FBR2011b |
Serial |
1723 |
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