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Author |
Partha Pratim Roy; Umapada Pal; Josep Llados; Mathieu Nicolas Delalandre |
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Title |
Multi-Oriented and Multi-Sized Touching Character Segmentation using Dynamic Programming |
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Conference Article |
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2009 |
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10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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11–15 |
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In this paper, we present a scheme towards the segmentation of English multi-oriented touching strings into individual characters. When two or more characters touch, they generate a big cavity region at the background portion. Using Convex Hull information, we use these background information to find some initial points to segment a touching string into possible primitive segments (a primitive segment consists of a single character or a part of a character). Next these primitive segments are merged to get optimum segmentation and dynamic programming is applied using total likelihood of characters as the objective function. SVM classifier is used to find the likelihood of a character. To consider multi-oriented touching strings the features used in the SVM are invariant to character orientation. Circular ring and convex hull ring based approach has been used along with angular information of the contour pixels of the character to make the feature rotation invariant. From the experiment, we obtained encouraging results. |
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Barcelona, Spain |
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1520-5363 |
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978-1-4244-4500-4 |
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DAG @ dag @ RPL2009a |
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1240 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol |
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Title |
Geometric and Structural-based Symbol Spotting. Application to Focused Retrieval in Graphic Document Collections |
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2009 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Usually, pattern recognition systems consist of two main parts. On the one hand, the data acquisition and, on the other hand, the classification of this data on a certain category. In order to recognize which category a certain query element belongs to, a set of pattern models must be provided beforehand. An off-line learning stage is needed to train the classifier and to offer a robust classification of the patterns. Within the pattern recognition field, we are interested in the recognition of graphics and, in particular, on the analysis of documents rich in graphical information. In this context, one of the main concerns is to see if the proposed systems remain scalable with respect to the data volume so as it can handle growing amounts of symbol models. In order to avoid to work with a database of reference symbols, symbol spotting and on-the-fly symbol recognition methods have been introduced in the past years.
Generally speaking, the symbol spotting problem can be defined as the identification of a set of regions of interest from a document image which are likely to contain an instance of a certain queriedn symbol without explicitly applying the whole pattern recognition scheme. Our application framework consists on indexing a collection of graphic-rich document images. This collection is
queried by example with a single instance of the symbol to look for and, by means of symbol spotting methods we retrieve the regions of interest where the symbol is likely to appear within the documents. This kind of applications are known as focused retrieval methods.
In order that the focused retrieval application can handle large collections of documents there is a need to provide an efficient access to the large volume of information that might be stored. We use indexing strategies in order to efficiently retrieve by similarity the locations where a certain part of the symbol appears. In that scenario, graphical patterns should be used as indices for accessing and navigating the collection of documents.
These indexing mechanism allow the user to search for similar elements using graphical information rather than textual queries.
Along this thesis we present a spotting architecture and different methods aiming to build a complete focused retrieval application dealing with a graphic-rich document collections. In addition, a protocol to evaluate the performance of symbol
spotting systems in terms of recognition abilities, location accuracy and scalability is proposed. |
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Barcelona (Spain) |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Josep Llados |
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Call Number |
DAG @ dag @ Rus2009 |
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1264 |
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Author |
Agnes Borras |
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Title |
Contributions to the Content-Based Image Retrieval Using Pictorial Queries |
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2009 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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The broad access to digital cameras, personal computers and Internet, has lead to the generation of large volumes of data in digital form. If we want an effective usage of this huge amount of data, we need automatic tools to allow the retrieval of relevant information. Image data is a particular type of information that requires specific techniques of description and indexing. The computer vision field that studies these kind of techniques is called Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). Instead of using text-based descriptions, a system of CBIR deals on properties that are inherent in the images themselves. Hence, the feature-based description provides a universal via of image expression in contrast with the more than 6000 languages spoken in the world.
Nowadays, the CBIR is a dynamic focus of research that has derived in important applications for many professional groups. The potential fields of application can be such diverse as: the medical domain, the crime prevention, the protection of the intel- lectual property, the journalism, the graphic design, the web search, the preservation of cultural heritage, etc.
The definition on the role of the user is a key point in the development of a CBIR application. The user is in charge to formulate the queries from which the images are retrieved. We have centered our attention on the image retrieval techniques that use queries based on pictorial information. We have identified a taxonomy composed by four main query paradigms: query-by-selection, query-by-iconic-composition, query- by-sketch and query-by-paint. Each one of these paradigms allows a different degree of user expressivity. From a simple image selection, to a complete painting of the query, the user takes control of the input in the CBIR system.
Along the chapters of this thesis we have analyzed the influence that each query paradigm imposes in the internal operations of a CBIR system. Moreover, we have proposed a set of contributions that we have exemplified in the context of a final application. |
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Barcelona (Spain) |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
Place of Publication |
Bellaterra |
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Josep Llados |
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DAG; |
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DAG @ dag @ Bor2009; IAM @ iam @ Bor2009 |
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1269 |
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Author |
Joan Mas; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
SSP: Sketching slide Presentations, a Syntactic Approach |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
8th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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The design of a slide presentation is a creative process. In this process first, humans visualize in their minds what they want to explain. Then, they have to be able to represent this knowledge in an understandable way. There exists a lot of commercial software that allows to create our own slide presentations but the creativity of the user is rather limited. In this article we present an application that allows the user to create and visualize a slide presentation from a sketch. A slide may be seen as a graphical document or a diagram where its elements are placed in a particular spatial arrangement. To describe and recognize slides a syntactic approach is proposed. This approach is based on an Adjacency Grammar and a parsing methodology to cope with this kind of grammars. The experimental evaluation shows the performance of our methodology from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. Six different slides containing different number of symbols, from 4 to 7, have been given to the users and they have drawn them without restrictions in the order of the elements. The quantitative results give an idea on how suitable is our methodology to describe and recognize the different elements in a slide. |
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La Rochelle; France; July 2009 |
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GREC |
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Call Number |
DAG @ dag @ MSL2009a |
Serial |
1441 |
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Author |
Salim Jouili; Salvatore Tabbone; Ernest Valveny |
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Title |
Comparing Graph Similarity Measures for Graphical Recognition. |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
8th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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In this paper we evaluate four graph distance measures. The analysis is performed for document retrieval tasks. For this aim, different kind of documents are used including line drawings (symbols), ancient documents (ornamental letters), shapes and trademark-logos. The experimental results show that the performance of each graph distance measure depends on the kind of data and the graph representation technique. |
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La Rochelle; France; July 2009 |
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Springer |
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GREC |
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DAG @ dag @ JTV2009 |
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1442 |
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Author |
Mathieu Nicolas Delalandre; Jean-Yves Ramel; Ernest Valveny; Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman |
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Title |
A Performance Characterization Algorithm for Symbol Localization |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
8th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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3-11 |
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In this paper we present an algorithm for performance characterization of symbol localization systems. This algorithm is aimed to be a more “reliable” and “open” solution to characterize the performance. To achieve that, it exploits only single points as the result of localization and offers the possibility to reconsider the localization results provided by a system. We use the information about context in groundtruth, and overall localization results, to detect the ambiguous localization results. A probability score is computed for each matching between a localization point and a groundtruth region, depending on the spatial distribution of the other regions in the groundtruth. Final characterization is given with detection rate/probability score plots, describing the sets of possible interpretations of the localization results, according to a given confidence rate. We present experimentation details along with the results for the symbol localization system of [1], exploiting a synthetic dataset of architectural floorplans and electrical diagrams (composed of 200 images and 3861 symbols). |
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La Rochelle; July 2009 |
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Springer |
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GREC |
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DAG @ dag @ DRV2009 |
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1443 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; K. Bertet; Jean-Marc Ogier; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Symbol Recognition Using a Concept Lattice of Graphical Patterns |
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Conference Article |
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2009 |
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8th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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In this paper we propose a new approach to recognize symbols by the use of a concept lattice. We propose to build a concept lattice in terms of graphical patterns. Each model symbol is decomposed in a set of composing graphical patterns taken as primitives. Each one of these primitives is described by boundary moment invariants. The obtained concept lattice relates which symbolic patterns compose a given graphical symbol. A Hasse diagram is derived from the context and is used to recognize symbols affected by noise. We present some preliminary results over a variation of the dataset of symbols from the GREC 2005 symbol recognition contest. |
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La Rochelle; July 2009 |
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GREC |
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DAG @ dag @ RBO2009 |
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1444 |
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Author |
Partha Pratim Roy; Umapada Pal; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Touching Text Character Localization in Graphical Documents using SIFT |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
In proceedings 8th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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Interpretation of graphical document images is a challenging task as it requires proper understanding of text/graphics symbols present in such documents. Difficulties arise in graphical document recognition when text and symbol overlapped/touched. Intersection of text and symbols with graphical lines and curves occur frequently in graphical documents and hence separation of such symbols is very difficult.
Several pattern recognition and classification techniques exist to recognize isolated text/symbol. But, the touching/overlapping text and symbol recognition has not yet been dealt successfully. An interesting technique, Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), originally devised for object recognition can take care of overlapping problems. Even if SIFT features have emerged as a very powerful object descriptors, their employment in graphical documents context has not been investigated much. In this paper we present the adaptation of the SIFT approach in the context of text character localization (spotting) in graphical documents. We evaluate the applicability of this technique in such documents and discuss the scope of improvement by combining some state-of-the-art approaches. |
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La rochelle; July 2009 |
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GREC |
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DAG |
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DAG @ dag @ RPL2009c |
Serial |
1445 |
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Author |
S. Chanda; Umapada Pal; Oriol Ramos Terrades |
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Title |
Word-Wise Thai and Roman Script Identification |
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2009 |
Publication |
ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing |
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TALIP |
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8 |
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3 |
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1-21 |
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In some Thai documents, a single text line of a printed document page may contain words of both Thai and Roman scripts. For the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of such a document page it is better to identify, at first, Thai and Roman script portions and then to use individual OCR systems of the respective scripts on these identified portions. In this article, an SVM-based method is proposed for identification of word-wise printed Roman and Thai scripts from a single line of a document page. Here, at first, the document is segmented into lines and then lines are segmented into character groups (words). In the proposed scheme, we identify the script of a character group combining different character features obtained from structural shape, profile behavior, component overlapping information, topological properties, and water reservoir concept, etc. Based on the experiment on 10,000 data (words) we obtained 99.62% script identification accuracy from the proposed scheme. |
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1530-0226 |
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Admin @ si @ CPR2009f |
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1869 |
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Author |
D. Perez; L. Tarazon; N. Serrano; F.M. Castro; Oriol Ramos Terrades; A. Juan |
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Title |
The GERMANA Database |
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Conference Article |
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2009 |
Publication |
10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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301-305 |
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A new handwritten text database, GERMANA, is presented to facilitate empirical comparison of different approaches to text line extraction and off-line handwriting recognition. GERMANA is the result of digitising and annotating a 764-page Spanish manuscript from 1891, in which most pages only contain nearly calligraphed text written on ruled sheets of well-separated lines. To our knowledge, it is the first publicly available database for handwriting research, mostly written in Spanish and comparable in size to standard databases. Due to its sequential book structure, it is also well-suited for realistic assessment of interactive handwriting recognition systems. To provide baseline results for reference in future studies, empirical results are also reported, using standard techniques and tools for preprocessing, feature extraction, HMM-based image modelling, and language modelling. |
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Barcelona; Spain |
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1520-5363 |
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978-1-4244-4500-4 |
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ICDAR |
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Admin @ si @ PTS2009 |
Serial |
1870 |
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