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Author |
Josep Llados; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Joan Mas; Gemma Sanchez |
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Title |
A Generic Architecture for the Conversion of Document Collections into Semantically Annotated Digital Archives |
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2008 |
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Journal of Universal Computer Science |
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14 |
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18 |
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2912–2935 |
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Median Graph, Graph Embedding, Graph Matching, Structural Pattern Recognition |
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DAG @ dag @ LKM2008 |
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1142 |
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Author |
M. Visani; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Salvatore Tabbone |
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Title |
A Protocol to Characterize the Descriptive Power and the Complementarity of Shape Descriptors |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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IJDAR |
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14 |
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1 |
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87-100 |
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Document analysis; Shape descriptors; Symbol description; Performance characterization; Complementarity analysis |
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Most document analysis applications rely on the extraction of shape descriptors, which may be grouped into different categories, each category having its own advantages and drawbacks (O.R. Terrades et al. in Proceedings of ICDAR’07, pp. 227–231, 2007). In order to improve the richness of their description, many authors choose to combine multiple descriptors. Yet, most of the authors who propose a new descriptor content themselves with comparing its performance to the performance of a set of single state-of-the-art descriptors in a specific applicative context (e.g. symbol recognition, symbol spotting...). This results in a proliferation of the shape descriptors proposed in the literature. In this article, we propose an innovative protocol, the originality of which is to be as independent of the final application as possible and which relies on new quantitative and qualitative measures. We introduce two types of measures: while the measures of the first type are intended to characterize the descriptive power (in terms of uniqueness, distinctiveness and robustness towards noise) of a descriptor, the second type of measures characterizes the complementarity between multiple descriptors. Characterizing upstream the complementarity of shape descriptors is an alternative to the usual approach where the descriptors to be combined are selected by trial and error, considering the performance characteristics of the overall system. To illustrate the contribution of this protocol, we performed experimental studies using a set of descriptors and a set of symbols which are widely used by the community namely ART and SC descriptors and the GREC 2003 database. |
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DAG; IF 1.091 |
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Admin @ si @VRT2011 |
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1856 |
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Author |
T.Chauhan; E.Perales; Kaida Xiao; E.Hird ; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Sophie Wuerger |
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Title |
The achromatic locus: Effect of navigation direction in color space |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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Journal of Vision |
Abbreviated Journal |
VSS |
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14 (1) |
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25 |
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1-11 |
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Keywords |
achromatic; unique hues; color constancy; luminance; color space |
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5Y Impact Factor: 2.99 / 1st (Ophthalmology)
An achromatic stimulus is defined as a patch of light that is devoid of any hue. This is usually achieved by asking observers to adjust the stimulus such that it looks neither red nor green and at the same time neither yellow nor blue. Despite the theoretical and practical importance of the achromatic locus, little is known about the variability in these settings. The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether achromatic settings were dependent on the task of the observers, namely the navigation direction in color space. Observers could either adjust the test patch along the two chromatic axes in the CIE u*v* diagram or, alternatively, navigate along the unique-hue lines. Our main result is that the navigation method affects the reliability of these achromatic settings. Observers are able to make more reliable achromatic settings when adjusting the test patch along the directions defined by the four unique hues as opposed to navigating along the main axes in the commonly used CIE u*v* chromaticity plane. This result holds across different ambient viewing conditions (Dark, Daylight, Cool White Fluorescent) and different test luminance levels (5, 20, and 50 cd/m2). The reduced variability in the achromatic settings is consistent with the idea that internal color representations are more aligned with the unique-hue lines than the u* and v* axes. |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ CPX2014 |
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2418 |
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Author |
Lasse Martensson; Ekta Vats; Anders Hast; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
In Search of the Scribe: Letter Spotting as a Tool for Identifying Scribes in Large Handwritten Text Corpora |
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2019 |
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Journal for Information Technology Studies as a Human Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
HUMAN IT |
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14 |
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2 |
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95-120 |
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Scribal attribution/ writer identification; digital palaeography; word spotting; mediaeval charters; mediaeval manuscripts |
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In this article, a form of the so-called word spotting-method is used on a large set of handwritten documents in order to identify those that contain script of similar execution. The point of departure for the investigation is the mediaeval Swedish manuscript Cod. Holm. D 3. The main scribe of this manuscript has yet not been identified in other documents. The current attempt aims at localising other documents that display a large degree of similarity in the characteristics of the script, these being possible candidates for being executed by the same hand. For this purpose, the method of word spotting has been employed, focusing on individual letters, and therefore the process is referred to as letter spotting in the article. In this process, a set of ‘g’:s, ‘h’:s and ‘k’:s have been selected as templates, and then a search has been made for close matches among the mediaeval Swedish charters. The search resulted in a number of charters that displayed great similarities with the manuscript D 3. The used letter spotting method thus proofed to be a very efficient sorting tool localising similar script samples. |
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DAG; 600.097; 600.140; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ MVH2019 |
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3234 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez |
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Title |
Symbol Spotting in Vectorized Technical Drawings Through a Lookup Table of Region Strings |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Pattern Analysis and Applications |
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PAA |
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13 |
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3 |
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321-331 |
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In this paper, we address the problem of symbol spotting in technical document images applied to scanned and vectorized line drawings. Like any information spotting architecture, our approach has two components. First, symbols are decomposed in primitives which are compactly represented and second a primitive indexing structure aims to efficiently retrieve similar primitives. Primitives are encoded in terms of attributed strings representing closed regions. Similar strings are clustered in a lookup table so that the set median strings act as indexing keys. A voting scheme formulates hypothesis in certain locations of the line drawing image where there is a high presence of regions similar to the queried ones, and therefore, a high probability to find the queried graphical symbol. The proposed approach is illustrated in a framework consisting in spotting furniture symbols in architectural drawings. It has been proved to work even in the presence of noise and distortion introduced by the scanning and raster-to-vector processes. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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1433-7541 |
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DAG @ dag @ RLS2010 |
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1165 |
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Author |
Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Title |
Rotation Invariant Hand-Drawn Symbol Recognition based on a Dynamic Time Warping Model |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJDAR |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
229–241 |
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One of the major difficulties of handwriting symbol recognition is the high variability among symbols because of the different writer styles. In this paper, we introduce a robust approach for describing and recognizing hand-drawn symbols tolerant to these writer style differences. This method, which is invariant to scale and rotation, is based on the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. The symbols are described by vector sequences, a variation of the DTW distance is used for computing the matching distance, and K-Nearest Neighbor is used to classify them. Our approach has been evaluated in two benchmarking scenarios consisting of hand-drawn symbols. Compared with state-of-the-art methods for symbol recognition, our method shows higher tolerance to the irregular deformations induced by hand-drawn strokes. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG; IF 2009: 1,213 |
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DAG @ dag @ FLS2010a |
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1288 |
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Author |
Mathieu Nicolas Delalandre; Ernest Valveny; Tony Pridmore; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Title |
Generation of Synthetic Documents for Performance Evaluation of Symbol Recognition & Spotting Systems |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJDAR |
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13 |
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3 |
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187-207 |
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This paper deals with the topic of performance evaluation of symbol recognition & spotting systems. We propose here a new approach to the generation of synthetic graphics documents containing non-isolated symbols in a real context. This approach is based on the definition of a set of constraints that permit us to place the symbols on a pre-defined background according to the properties of a particular domain (architecture, electronics, engineering, etc.). In this way, we can obtain a large amount of images resembling real documents by simply defining the set of constraints and providing a few pre-defined backgrounds. As documents are synthetically generated, the groundtruth (the location and the label of every symbol) becomes automatically available. We have applied this approach to the generation of a large database of architectural drawings and electronic diagrams, which shows the flexibility of the system. Performance evaluation experiments of a symbol localization system show that our approach permits to generate documents with different features that are reflected in variation of localization results. |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG @ dag @ DVP2010 |
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1289 |
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Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez; Xavier Otazu; Horst Bunke |
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Title |
A Combination of Features for Symbol-Independent Writer Identification in Old Music Scores |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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IJDAR |
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13 |
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4 |
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243-259 |
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The aim of writer identification is determining the writer of a piece of handwriting from a set of writers. In this paper, we present an architecture for writer identification in old handwritten music scores. Even though an important amount of music compositions contain handwritten text, the aim of our work is to use only music notation to determine the author. The main contribution is therefore the use of features extracted from graphical alphabets. Our proposal consists in combining the identification results of two different approaches, based on line and textural features. The steps of the ensemble architecture are the following. First of all, the music sheet is preprocessed for removing the staff lines. Then, music lines and texture images are generated for computing line features and textural features. Finally, the classification results are combined for identifying the writer. The proposed method has been tested on a database of old music scores from the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, achieving a recognition rate of about 92% with 20 writers. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG; CAT;CIC |
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FLS2010b |
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1319 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; Josep Llados |
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Title |
A Performance Evaluation Protocol for Symbol Spotting Systems in Terms of Recognition and Location Indices |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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IJDAR |
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12 |
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2 |
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83-96 |
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Performance evaluation; Symbol Spotting; Graphics Recognition |
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Symbol spotting systems are intended to retrieve regions of interest from a document image database where the queried symbol is likely to be found. They shall have the ability to recognize and locate graphical symbols in a single step. In this paper, we present a set of measures to evaluate the performance of a symbol spotting system in terms of recognition abilities, location accuracy and scalability. We show that the proposed measures allow to determine the weaknesses and strengths of different methods. In particular we have tested a symbol spotting method based on a set of four different off-the-shelf shape descriptors. |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG @ dag @ RuL2009a |
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1166 |
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Author |
Joana Maria Pujadas-Mora; Alicia Fornes; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Josep Llados; Jialuo Chen; Miquel Valls-Figols; Anna Cabre |
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The Barcelona Historical Marriage Database and the Baix Llobregat Demographic Database. From Algorithms for Handwriting Recognition to Individual-Level Demographic and Socioeconomic Data |
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2022 |
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Historical Life Course Studies |
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HLCS |
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12 |
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99-132 |
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Individual demographic databases; Computer vision, Record linkage; Social mobility; Inequality; Migration; Word spotting; Handwriting recognition; Local censuses; Marriage Licences |
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The Barcelona Historical Marriage Database (BHMD) gathers records of the more than 600,000 marriages celebrated in the Diocese of Barcelona and their taxation registered in Barcelona Cathedral's so-called Marriage Licenses Books for the long period 1451–1905 and the BALL Demographic Database brings together the individual information recorded in the population registers, censuses and fiscal censuses of the main municipalities of the county of Baix Llobregat (Barcelona). In this ongoing collection 263,786 individual observations have been assembled, dating from the period between 1828 and 1965 by December 2020. The two databases started as part of different interdisciplinary research projects at the crossroads of Historical Demography and Computer Vision. Their construction uses artificial intelligence and computer vision methods as Handwriting Recognition to reduce the time of execution. However, its current state still requires some human intervention which explains the implemented crowdsourcing and game sourcing experiences. Moreover, knowledge graph techniques have allowed the application of advanced record linkage to link the same individuals and families across time and space. Moreover, we will discuss the main research lines using both databases developed so far in historical demography. |
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June 23, 2022 |
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DAG; 600.121; 600.162; 602.230; 600.140 |
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Admin @ si @ PFR2022 |
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3737 |
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