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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; J. Chazalon; Jean-Marc Ogier |

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Title  |
Normalisation et validation d'images de documents capturées en mobilité |
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Conference Article |
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2014 |
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Colloque International Francophone sur l'Écrit et le Document |
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109-124 |
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mobile document image acquisition; perspective correction; illumination correction; quality assessment; focus measure; OCR accuracy prediction |
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Mobile document image acquisition integrates many distortions which must be corrected or detected on the device, before the document becomes unavailable or paying data transmission fees. In this paper, we propose a system to correct perspective and illumination issues, and estimate the sharpness of the image for OCR recognition. The correction step relies on fast and accurate border detection followed by illumination normalization. Its evaluation on a private dataset shows a clear improvement on OCR accuracy. The quality assessment
step relies on a combination of focus measures. Its evaluation on a public dataset shows that this simple method compares well to state of the art, learning-based methods which cannot be embedded on a mobile, and outperforms metric-based methods. |
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Nancy; France; March 2014 |
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DAG; 601.223; 600.077 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ RCO2014b |
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2546 |
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Author |
Anguelos Nicolaou; Sounak Dey; V.Christlein; A.Maier; Dimosthenis Karatzas |


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Title  |
Non-deterministic Behavior of Ranking-based Metrics when Evaluating Embeddings |
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Conference Article |
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2018 |
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International Workshop on Reproducible Research in Pattern Recognition |
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11455 |
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71-82 |
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Embedding data into vector spaces is a very popular strategy of pattern recognition methods. When distances between embeddings are quantized, performance metrics become ambiguous. In this paper, we present an analysis of the ambiguity quantized distances introduce and provide bounds on the effect. We demonstrate that it can have a measurable effect in empirical data in state-of-the-art systems. We also approach the phenomenon from a computer security perspective and demonstrate how someone being evaluated by a third party can exploit this ambiguity and greatly outperform a random predictor without even access to the input data. We also suggest a simple solution making the performance metrics, which rely on ranking, totally deterministic and impervious to such exploits. |
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DAG; 600.121; 600.129 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ NDC2018 |
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3178 |
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Author |
Thanh Ha Do; Salvatore Tabbone; Oriol Ramos Terrades |

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Title  |
Noise suppression over bi-level graphical documents using a sparse representation |
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2012 |
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Colloque International Francophone sur l'Écrit et le Document |
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Bordeaux |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ DTR2012b |
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2136 |
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Author |
Thanh Ha Do; Salvatore Tabbone; Oriol Ramos Terrades |


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Title  |
New Approach for Symbol Recognition Combining Shape Context of Interest Points with Sparse Representation |
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2013 |
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12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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265-269 |
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In this paper, we propose a new approach for symbol description. Our method is built based on the combination of shape context of interest points descriptor and sparse representation. More specifically, we first learn a dictionary describing shape context of interest point descriptors. Then, based on information retrieval techniques, we build a vector model for each symbol based on its sparse representation in a visual vocabulary whose visual words are columns in the learneddictionary. The retrieval task is performed by ranking symbols based on similarity between vector models. Evaluation of our method, using benchmark datasets, demonstrates the validity of our approach and shows that it outperforms related state-of-theart methods. |
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Washington; USA; August 2013 |
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1520-5363 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ DTR2013b |
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2331 |
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Author |
Manuel Carbonell |

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Title  |
Neural Information Extraction from Semi-structured Documents A |
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2020 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Sectors as fintech, legaltech or insurance process an inflow of millions of forms, invoices, id documents, claims or similar every day. Together with these, historical archives provide gigantic amounts of digitized documents containing useful information that needs to be stored in machine encoded text with a meaningful structure. This procedure, known as information extraction (IE) comprises the steps of localizing and recognizing text, identifying named entities contained in it and optionally finding relationships among its elements. In this work we explore multi-task neural models at image and graph level to solve all steps in a unified way. While doing so we find benefits and limitations of these end-to-end approaches in comparison with sequential separate methods. More specifically, we first propose a method to produce textual as well as semantic labels with a unified model from handwritten text line images. We do so with the use of a convolutional recurrent neural model trained with connectionist temporal classification to predict the textual as well as semantic information encoded in the images. Secondly, motivated by the success of this approach we investigate the unification of the localization and recognition tasks of handwritten text in full pages with an end-to-end model, observing benefits in doing so. Having two models that tackle information extraction subsequent task pairs in an end-to-end to end manner, we lastly contribute with a method to put them all together in a single neural network to solve the whole information extraction pipeline in a unified way. Doing so we observe some benefits and some limitations in the approach, suggesting that in certain cases it is beneficial to train specialized models that excel at a single challenging task of the information extraction process, as it can be the recognition of named entities or the extraction of relationships between them. For this reason we lastly study the use of the recently arrived graph neural network architectures for the semantic tasks of the information extraction process, which are recognition of named entities and relation extraction, achieving promising results on the relation extraction part. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Alicia Fornes;Mauricio Villegas;Josep Llados |
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978-84-122714-1-6 |
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DAG; 600.121 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ Car20 |
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3483 |
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Author |
Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Horst Bunke; Umapada Pal |


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Title  |
Near Convex Region Adjacency Graph and Approximate Neighborhood String Matching for Symbol Spotting in Graphical Documents |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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1078-1082 |
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This paper deals with a subgraph matching problem in Region Adjacency Graph (RAG) applied to symbol spotting in graphical documents. RAG is a very important, efficient and natural way of representing graphical information with a graph but this is limited to cases where the information is well defined with perfectly delineated regions. What if the information we are interested in is not confined within well defined regions? This paper addresses this particular problem and solves it by defining near convex grouping of oriented line segments which results in near convex regions. Pure convexity imposes hard constraints and can not handle all the cases efficiently. Hence to solve this problem we have defined a new type of convexity of regions, which allows convex regions to have concavity to some extend. We call this kind of regions Near Convex Regions (NCRs). These NCRs are then used to create the Near Convex Region Adjacency Graph (NCRAG) and with this representation we have formulated the problem of symbol spotting in graphical documents as a subgraph matching problem. For subgraph matching we have used the Approximate Edit Distance Algorithm (AEDA) on the neighborhood string, which starts working after finding a key node in the input or target graph and iteratively identifies similar nodes of the query graph in the neighborhood of the key node. The experiments are performed on artificial, real and distorted datasets. |
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Washington; USA; August 2013 |
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1520-5363 |
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DAG; 600.045; 600.056; 600.061; 601.152 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ DLB2013a |
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2358 |
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Author |
Manuel Carbonell; Pau Riba; Mauricio Villegas; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados |

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Title  |
Named Entity Recognition and Relation Extraction with Graph Neural Networks in Semi Structured Documents |
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Conference Article |
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2020 |
Publication |
25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition |
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The use of administrative documents to communicate and leave record of business information requires of methods
able to automatically extract and understand the content from
such documents in a robust and efficient way. In addition,
the semi-structured nature of these reports is specially suited
for the use of graph-based representations which are flexible
enough to adapt to the deformations from the different document
templates. Moreover, Graph Neural Networks provide the proper
methodology to learn relations among the data elements in
these documents. In this work we study the use of Graph
Neural Network architectures to tackle the problem of entity
recognition and relation extraction in semi-structured documents.
Our approach achieves state of the art results in the three
tasks involved in the process. Additionally, the experimentation
with two datasets of different nature demonstrates the good
generalization ability of our approach. |
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Virtual; January 2021 |
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ICPR |
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DAG; 600.121 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ CRV2020 |
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3509 |
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Author |
Emanuele Vivoli; Ali Furkan Biten; Andres Mafla; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Lluis Gomez |


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Title  |
MUST-VQA: MUltilingual Scene-text VQA |
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Conference Article |
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2022 |
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Proceedings European Conference on Computer Vision Workshops |
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13804 |
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345–358 |
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Visual question answering; Scene text; Translation robustness; Multilingual models; Zero-shot transfer; Power of language models |
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In this paper, we present a framework for Multilingual Scene Text Visual Question Answering that deals with new languages in a zero-shot fashion. Specifically, we consider the task of Scene Text Visual Question Answering (STVQA) in which the question can be asked in different languages and it is not necessarily aligned to the scene text language. Thus, we first introduce a natural step towards a more generalized version of STVQA: MUST-VQA. Accounting for this, we discuss two evaluation scenarios in the constrained setting, namely IID and zero-shot and we demonstrate that the models can perform on a par on a zero-shot setting. We further provide extensive experimentation and show the effectiveness of adapting multilingual language models into STVQA tasks. |
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Tel-Aviv; Israel; October 2022 |
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ECCVW |
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DAG; 302.105; 600.155; 611.002 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ VBM2022 |
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3770 |
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Author |
Arnau Baro; Pau Riba; Alicia Fornes |

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Title  |
Musigraph: Optical Music Recognition Through Object Detection and Graph Neural Network |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2022 |
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Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition. International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR2022) |
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13639 |
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171-184 |
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Object detection; Optical music recognition; Graph neural network |
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During the last decades, the performance of optical music recognition has been increasingly improving. However, and despite the 2-dimensional nature of music notation (e.g. notes have rhythm and pitch), most works treat musical scores as a sequence of symbols in one dimension, which make their recognition still a challenge. Thus, in this work we explore the use of graph neural networks for musical score recognition. First, because graphs are suited for n-dimensional representations, and second, because the combination of graphs with deep learning has shown a great performance in similar applications. Our methodology consists of: First, we will detect each isolated/atomic symbols (those that can not be decomposed in more graphical primitives) and the primitives that form a musical symbol. Then, we will build the graph taking as root node the notehead and as leaves those primitives or symbols that modify the note’s rhythm (stem, beam, flag) or pitch (flat, sharp, natural). Finally, the graph is translated into a human-readable character sequence for a final transcription and evaluation. Our method has been tested on more than five thousand measures, showing promising results. |
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December 04 – 07, 2022; Hyderabad, India |
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ICFHR |
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DAG; 600.162; 600.140; 602.230 |
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Admin @ si @ BRF2022b |
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3740 |
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Author |
Jaume Gibert; Ernest Valveny; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Horst Bunke |


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Title  |
Multiple Classifiers for Graph of Words Embedding |
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Conference Article |
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2011 |
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10th International Conference on Multiple Classifier Systems |
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6713 |
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36-45 |
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During the last years, there has been an increasing interest in applying the multiple classifier framework to the domain of structural pattern recognition. Constructing base classifiers when the input patterns are graph based representations is not an easy problem. In this work, we make use of the graph embedding methodology in order to construct different feature vector representations for graphs. The graph of words embedding assigns a feature vector to every graph by counting unary and binary relations between node representatives and combining these pieces of information into a single vector. Selecting different node representatives leads to different vectorial representations and therefore to different base classifiers that can be combined. We experimentally show how this methodology significantly improves the classification of graphs with respect to single base classifiers. |
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Napoles, Italy |
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Carlo Sansone; Josef Kittler; Fabio Roli |
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978-3-642-21556-8 |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @GVR2011 |
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1745 |
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