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Author |
Ali Furkan Biten |
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Title |
A Bitter-Sweet Symphony on Vision and Language: Bias and World Knowledge |
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Year |
2022 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Vision and Language are broadly regarded as cornerstones of intelligence. Even though language and vision have different aims – language having the purpose of communication, transmission of information and vision having the purpose of constructing mental representations around us to navigate and interact with objects – they cooperate and depend on one another in many tasks we perform effortlessly. This reliance is actively being studied in various Computer Vision tasks, e.g. image captioning, visual question answering, image-sentence retrieval, phrase grounding, just to name a few. All of these tasks share the inherent difficulty of the aligning the two modalities, while being robust to language
priors and various biases existing in the datasets. One of the ultimate goal for vision and language research is to be able to inject world knowledge while getting rid of the biases that come with the datasets. In this thesis, we mainly focus on two vision and language tasks, namely Image Captioning and Scene-Text Visual Question Answering (STVQA).
In both domains, we start by defining a new task that requires the utilization of world knowledge and in both tasks, we find that the models commonly employed are prone to biases that exist in the data. Concretely, we introduce new tasks and discover several problems that impede performance at each level and provide remedies or possible solutions in each chapter: i) We define a new task to move beyond Image Captioning to Image Interpretation that can utilize Named Entities in the form of world knowledge. ii) We study the object hallucination problem in classic Image Captioning systems and develop an architecture-agnostic solution. iii) We define a sub-task of Visual Question Answering that requires reading the text in the image (STVQA), where we highlight the limitations of current models. iv) We propose an architecture for the STVQA task that can point to the answer in the image and show how to combine it with classic VQA models. v) We show how far language can get us in STVQA and discover yet another bias which causes the models to disregard the image while doing Visual Question Answering. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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IMPRIMA |
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Dimosthenis Karatzas;Lluis Gomez |
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978-84-124793-5-5 |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ Bit2022 |
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3755 |
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Author |
Andres Mafla |
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Title |
Leveraging Scene Text Information for Image Interpretation |
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Year |
2022 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Until recently, most computer vision models remained illiterate, largely ignoring the semantically rich and explicit information contained in scene text. Recent progress in scene text detection and recognition has recently allowed exploring its role in a diverse set of open computer vision problems, e.g. image classification, image-text retrieval, image captioning, and visual question answering to name a few. The explicit semantics of scene text closely requires specific modeling similar to language. However, scene text is a particular signal that has to be interpreted according to a comprehensive perspective that encapsulates all the visual cues in an image. Incorporating this information is a straightforward task for humans, but if we are unfamiliar with a language or scripture, achieving a complete world understanding is impossible (e.a. visiting a foreign country with a different alphabet). Despite the importance of scene text, modeling it requires considering the several ways in which scene text interacts with an image, processing and fusing an additional modality. In this thesis, we mainly focus
on two tasks, scene text-based fine-grained image classification, and cross-modal retrieval. In both studied tasks we identify existing limitations in current approaches and propose plausible solutions. Concretely, in each chapter: i) We define a compact way to embed scene text that generalizes to unseen words at training time while performing in real-time. ii) We incorporate the previously learned scene text embedding to create an image-level descriptor that overcomes optical character recognition (OCR) errors which is well-suited to the fine-grained image classification task. iii) We design a region-level reasoning network that learns the interaction through semantics among salient visual regions and scene text instances. iv) We employ scene text information in image-text matching and introduce the Scene Text Aware Cross-Modal retrieval StacMR task. We gather a dataset that incorporates scene text and design a model suited for the newly studied modality. v) We identify the drawbacks of current retrieval metrics in cross-modal retrieval. An image captioning metric is proposed as a way of better evaluating semantics in retrieved results. Ample experimentation shows that incorporating such semantics into a model yields better semantic results while
requiring significantly less data to converge. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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IMPRIMA |
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Dimosthenis Karatzas;Lluis Gomez |
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978-84-124793-6-2 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ Maf2022 |
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3756 |
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Author |
Mohamed Ali Souibgui |
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Title |
Document Image Enhancement and Recognition in Low Resource Scenarios: Application to Ciphers and Handwritten Text |
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Year |
2022 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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In this thesis, we propose different contributions with the goal of enhancing and recognizing historical handwritten document images, especially the ones with rare scripts, such as cipher documents.
In the first part, some effective end-to-end models for Document Image Enhancement (DIE) using deep learning models were presented. First, Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN) for different tasks (document clean-up, binarization, deblurring, and watermark removal) were explored. Next, we further improve the results by recovering the degraded document images into a clean and readable form by integrating a text recognizer into the cGAN model to promote the generated document image to be more readable. Afterward, we present a new encoder-decoder architecture based on vision transformers to enhance both machine-printed and handwritten document images, in an end-to-end fashion.
The second part of the thesis addresses Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) in low resource scenarios, i.e. when only few labeled training data is available. We propose novel methods for recognizing ciphers with rare scripts. First, a few-shot object detection based method was proposed. Then, we incorporate a progressive learning strategy that automatically assignspseudo-labels to a set of unlabeled data to reduce the human labor of annotating few pages while maintaining the good performance of the model. Secondly, a data generation technique based on Bayesian Program Learning (BPL) is proposed to overcome the lack of data in such rare scripts. Thirdly, we propose a Text-Degradation Invariant Auto Encoder (Text-DIAE). This latter self-supervised model is designed to tackle two tasks, text recognition and document image enhancement. The proposed model does not exhibit limitations of previous state-of-the-art methods based on contrastive losses, while at the same time, it requires substantially fewer data samples to converge.
In the third part of the thesis, we analyze, from the user perspective, the usage of HTR systems in low resource scenarios. This contrasts with the usual research on HTR, which often focuses on technical aspects only and rarely devotes efforts on implementing software tools for scholars in Humanities. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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IMPRIMA |
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Alicia Fornes;Yousri Kessentini |
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978-84-124793-8-6 |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ Sou2022 |
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3757 |
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Author |
Emanuele Vivoli; Ali Furkan Biten; Andres Mafla; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Lluis Gomez |
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Title |
MUST-VQA: MUltilingual Scene-text VQA |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Proceedings European Conference on Computer Vision Workshops |
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Volume |
13804 |
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Pages |
345–358 |
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Keywords |
Visual question answering; Scene text; Translation robustness; Multilingual models; Zero-shot transfer; Power of language models |
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Abstract |
In this paper, we present a framework for Multilingual Scene Text Visual Question Answering that deals with new languages in a zero-shot fashion. Specifically, we consider the task of Scene Text Visual Question Answering (STVQA) in which the question can be asked in different languages and it is not necessarily aligned to the scene text language. Thus, we first introduce a natural step towards a more generalized version of STVQA: MUST-VQA. Accounting for this, we discuss two evaluation scenarios in the constrained setting, namely IID and zero-shot and we demonstrate that the models can perform on a par on a zero-shot setting. We further provide extensive experimentation and show the effectiveness of adapting multilingual language models into STVQA tasks. |
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Tel-Aviv; Israel; October 2022 |
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ECCVW |
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DAG; 302.105; 600.155; 611.002 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ VBM2022 |
Serial |
3770 |
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Author |
Sergi Garcia Bordils; Andres Mafla; Ali Furkan Biten; Oren Nuriel; Aviad Aberdam; Shai Mazor; Ron Litman; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Title |
Out-of-Vocabulary Challenge Report |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Proceedings European Conference on Computer Vision Workshops |
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13804 |
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359–375 |
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This paper presents final results of the Out-Of-Vocabulary 2022 (OOV) challenge. The OOV contest introduces an important aspect that is not commonly studied by Optical Character Recognition (OCR) models, namely, the recognition of unseen scene text instances at training time. The competition compiles a collection of public scene text datasets comprising of 326,385 images with 4,864,405 scene text instances, thus covering a wide range of data distributions. A new and independent validation and test set is formed with scene text instances that are out of vocabulary at training time. The competition was structured in two tasks, end-to-end and cropped scene text recognition respectively. A thorough analysis of results from baselines and different participants is presented. Interestingly, current state-of-the-art models show a significant performance gap under the newly studied setting. We conclude that the OOV dataset proposed in this challenge will be an essential area to be explored in order to develop scene text models that achieve more robust and generalized predictions. |
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Tel-Aviv; Israel; October 2022 |
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ECCVW |
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DAG; 600.155; 302.105; 611.002 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ GMB2022 |
Serial |
3771 |
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Author |
Sergi Garcia Bordils; George Tom; Sangeeth Reddy; Minesh Mathew; Marçal Rusiñol; C.V. Jawahar; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Title |
Read While You Drive-Multilingual Text Tracking on the Road |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2022 |
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15th IAPR International workshop on document analysis systems |
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13237 |
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756–770 |
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Visual data obtained during driving scenarios usually contain large amounts of text that conveys semantic information necessary to analyse the urban environment and is integral to the traffic control plan. Yet, research on autonomous driving or driver assistance systems typically ignores this information. To advance research in this direction, we present RoadText-3K, a large driving video dataset with fully annotated text. RoadText-3K is three times bigger than its predecessor and contains data from varied geographical locations, unconstrained driving conditions and multiple languages and scripts. We offer a comprehensive analysis of tracking by detection and detection by tracking methods exploring the limits of state-of-the-art text detection. Finally, we propose a new end-to-end trainable tracking model that yields state-of-the-art results on this challenging dataset. Our experiments demonstrate the complexity and variability of RoadText-3K and establish a new, realistic benchmark for scene text tracking in the wild. |
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La Rochelle; France; May 2022 |
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978-3-031-06554-5 |
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DAS |
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DAG; 600.155; 611.022; 611.004 |
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Admin @ si @ GTR2022 |
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3783 |
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Author |
Ayan Banerjee; Palaiahnakote Shivakumara; Parikshit Acharya; Umapada Pal; Josep Llados |
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Title |
TWD: A New Deep E2E Model for Text Watermark Detection in Video Images |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2022 |
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26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition |
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Deep learning; U-Net; FCENet; Scene text detection; Video text detection; Watermark text detection |
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Text watermark detection in video images is challenging because text watermark characteristics are different from caption and scene texts in the video images. Developing a successful model for detecting text watermark, caption, and scene texts is an open challenge. This study aims at developing a new Deep End-to-End model for Text Watermark Detection (TWD), caption and scene text in video images. To standardize non-uniform contrast, quality, and resolution, we explore the U-Net3+ model for enhancing poor quality text without affecting high-quality text. Similarly, to address the challenges of arbitrary orientation, text shapes and complex background, we explore Stacked Hourglass Encoded Fourier Contour Embedding Network (SFCENet) by feeding the output of the U-Net3+ model as input. Furthermore, the proposed work integrates enhancement and detection models as an end-to-end model for detecting multi-type text in video images. To validate the proposed model, we create our own dataset (named TW-866), which provides video images containing text watermark, caption (subtitles), as well as scene text. The proposed model is also evaluated on standard natural scene text detection datasets, namely, ICDAR 2019 MLT, CTW1500, Total-Text, and DAST1500. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods. This is the first work on text watermark detection in video images to the best of our knowledge |
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Montreal; Quebec; Canada; August 2022 |
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ICPR |
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DAG; |
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Admin @ si @ BSA2022 |
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3788 |
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Author |
Andrea Gemelli; Sanket Biswas; Enrico Civitelli; Josep Llados; Simone Marinai |
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Title |
Doc2Graph: A Task Agnostic Document Understanding Framework Based on Graph Neural Networks |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2022 |
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17th European Conference on Computer Vision Workshops |
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13804 |
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329–344 |
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Geometric Deep Learning has recently attracted significant interest in a wide range of machine learning fields, including document analysis. The application of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has become crucial in various document-related tasks since they can unravel important structural patterns, fundamental in key information extraction processes. Previous works in the literature propose task-driven models and do not take into account the full power of graphs. We propose Doc2Graph, a task-agnostic document understanding framework based on a GNN model, to solve different tasks given different types of documents. We evaluated our approach on two challenging datasets for key information extraction in form understanding, invoice layout analysis and table detection. |
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978-3-031-25068-2 |
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ECCV-TiE |
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DAG; 600.162; 600.140; 110.312 |
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Admin @ si @ GBC2022 |
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3795 |
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Author |
Utkarsh Porwal; Alicia Fornes; Faisal Shafait (eds) |
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Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition. International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition. 18th International Conference, ICFHR 2022 |
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2022 |
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Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition. |
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13639 |
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ICFHR 2022, Hyderabad, India, December 4–7, 2022 |
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Springer |
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Utkarsh Porwal; Alicia Fornes; Faisal Shafait |
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978-3-031-21648-0 |
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ICFHR |
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Admin @ si @ PFS2022 |
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3809 |
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Kunal Biswas; Palaiahnakote Shivakumara; Umapada Pal; Tong Lu; Michel Blumenstein; Josep Llados |
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Classification of aesthetic natural scene images using statistical and semantic features |
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2023 |
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Multimedia Tools and Applications |
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MTAP |
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82 |
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9 |
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13507-13532 |
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Aesthetic image analysis is essential for improving the performance of multimedia image retrieval systems, especially from a repository of social media and multimedia content stored on mobile devices. This paper presents a novel method for classifying aesthetic natural scene images by studying the naturalness of image content using statistical features, and reading text in the images using semantic features. Unlike existing methods that focus only on image quality with human information, the proposed approach focuses on image features as well as text-based semantic features without human intervention to reduce the gap between subjectivity and objectivity in the classification. The aesthetic classes considered in this work are (i) Very Pleasant, (ii) Pleasant, (iii) Normal and (iv) Unpleasant. The naturalness is represented by features of focus, defocus, perceived brightness, perceived contrast, blurriness and noisiness, while semantics are represented by text recognition, description of the images and labels of images, profile pictures, and banner images. Furthermore, a deep learning model is proposed in a novel way to fuse statistical and semantic features for the classification of aesthetic natural scene images. Experiments on our own dataset and the standard datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves 92.74%, 88.67% and 83.22% average classification rates on our own dataset, AVA dataset and CUHKPQ dataset, respectively. Furthermore, a comparative study of the proposed model with the existing methods shows that the proposed method is effective for the classification of aesthetic social media images. |
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Admin @ si @ BSP2023 |
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3873 |
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