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Author Ali Furkan Biten; Ruben Tito; Lluis Gomez; Ernest Valveny; Dimosthenis Karatzas edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title OCR-IDL: OCR Annotations for Industry Document Library Dataset Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication ECCV Workshop on Text in Everything Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (up)  
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  Abstract Pretraining has proven successful in Document Intelligence tasks where deluge of documents are used to pretrain the models only later to be finetuned on downstream tasks. One of the problems of the pretraining approaches is the inconsistent usage of pretraining data with different OCR engines leading to incomparable results between models. In other words, it is not obvious whether the performance gain is coming from diverse usage of amount of data and distinct OCR engines or from the proposed models. To remedy the problem, we make public the OCR annotations for IDL documents using commercial OCR engine given their superior performance over open source OCR models. The contributed dataset (OCR-IDL) has an estimated monetary value over 20K US$. It is our hope that OCR-IDL can be a starting point for future works on Document Intelligence. All of our data and its collection process with the annotations can be found in this https URL.  
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  Area Expedition Conference ECCV  
  Notes DAG; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BTG2022 Serial 3817  
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Author Ruben Tito; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Ernest Valveny edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Hierarchical multimodal transformers for Multipage DocVQA Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 144 Issue 109834 Pages (up)  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Existing work on DocVQA only considers single-page documents. However, in real applications documents are mostly composed of multiple pages that should be processed altogether. In this work, we propose a new multimodal hierarchical method Hi-VT5, that overcomes the limitations of current methods to process long multipage documents. In contrast to previous hierarchical methods that focus on different semantic granularity (He et al., 2021) or different subtasks (Zhou et al., 2022) used in image classification. Our method is a hierarchical transformer architecture where the encoder learns to summarize the most relevant information of every page and then, the decoder uses this summarized representation to generate the final answer, following a bottom-up approach. Moreover, due to the lack of multipage DocVQA datasets, we also introduce MP-DocVQA, an extension of SP-DocVQA where questions are posed over multipage documents instead of single pages. Through extensive experimentation, we demonstrate that Hi-VT5 is able, in a single stage, to answer the questions and provide the page that contains the answer, which can be used as a kind of explainability measure.  
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  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ TKV2023 Serial 3836  
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Author Mohamed Ali Souibgui; Sanket Biswas; Andres Mafla; Ali Furkan Biten; Alicia Fornes; Yousri Kessentini; Josep Llados; Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas edit  url
openurl 
  Title Text-DIAE: a self-supervised degradation invariant autoencoder for text recognition and document enhancement Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages (up)  
  Keywords Representation Learning for Vision; CV Applications; CV Language and Vision; ML Unsupervised; Self-Supervised Learning  
  Abstract In this paper, we propose a Text-Degradation Invariant Auto Encoder (Text-DIAE), a self-supervised model designed to tackle two tasks, text recognition (handwritten or scene-text) and document image enhancement. We start by employing a transformer-based architecture that incorporates three pretext tasks as learning objectives to be optimized during pre-training without the usage of labelled data. Each of the pretext objectives is specifically tailored for the final downstream tasks. We conduct several ablation experiments that confirm the design choice of the selected pretext tasks. Importantly, the proposed model does not exhibit limitations of previous state-of-the-art methods based on contrastive losses, while at the same time requiring substantially fewer data samples to converge. Finally, we demonstrate that our method surpasses the state-of-the-art in existing supervised and self-supervised settings in handwritten and scene text recognition and document image enhancement. Our code and trained models will be made publicly available at https://github.com/dali92002/SSL-OCR  
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  Area Expedition Conference AAAI  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SBM2023 Serial 3848  
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Author Marwa Dhiaf; Mohamed Ali Souibgui; Kai Wang; Yuyang Liu; Yousri Kessentini; Alicia Fornes; Ahmed Cheikh Rouhou edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title CSSL-MHTR: Continual Self-Supervised Learning for Scalable Multi-script Handwritten Text Recognition Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2023 Publication Arxiv Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (up)  
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  Abstract Self-supervised learning has recently emerged as a strong alternative in document analysis. These approaches are now capable of learning high-quality image representations and overcoming the limitations of supervised methods, which require a large amount of labeled data. However, these methods are unable to capture new knowledge in an incremental fashion, where data is presented to the model sequentially, which is closer to the realistic scenario. In this paper, we explore the potential of continual self-supervised learning to alleviate the catastrophic forgetting problem in handwritten text recognition, as an example of sequence recognition. Our method consists in adding intermediate layers called adapters for each task, and efficiently distilling knowledge from the previous model while learning the current task. Our proposed framework is efficient in both computation and memory complexity. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we evaluate our method by transferring the learned model to diverse text recognition downstream tasks, including Latin and non-Latin scripts. As far as we know, this is the first application of continual self-supervised learning for handwritten text recognition. We attain state-of-the-art performance on English, Italian and Russian scripts, whilst adding only a few parameters per task. The code and trained models will be publicly available.  
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  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ DSW2023 Serial 3851  
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Author Mickael Coustaty; Alicia Fornes edit  url
openurl 
  Title Document Analysis and Recognition – ICDAR 2023 Workshops Type Book Whole
  Year 2023 Publication Document Analysis and Recognition – ICDAR 2023 Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14194 Issue 2 Pages (up)  
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  Address San Jose; USA; August 2023  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title LNCS  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICDAR  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ CoF2023 Serial 3852  
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Author Soumya Jahagirdar; Minesh Mathew; Dimosthenis Karatzas; CV Jawahar edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Watching the News: Towards VideoQA Models that can Read Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract Video Question Answering methods focus on commonsense reasoning and visual cognition of objects or persons and their interactions over time. Current VideoQA approaches ignore the textual information present in the video. Instead, we argue that textual information is complementary to the action and provides essential contextualisation cues to the reasoning process. To this end, we propose a novel VideoQA task that requires reading and understanding the text in the video. To explore this direction, we focus on news videos and require QA systems to comprehend and answer questions about the topics presented by combining visual and textual cues in the video. We introduce the ``NewsVideoQA'' dataset that comprises more than 8,600 QA pairs on 3,000+ news videos obtained from diverse news channels from around the world. We demonstrate the limitations of current Scene Text VQA and VideoQA methods and propose ways to incorporate scene text information into VideoQA methods.  
  Address Waikoloa; Hawai; USA; January 2023  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference WACV  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ JMK2023 Serial 3899  
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Author Soumya Jahagirdar; Minesh Mathew; Dimosthenis Karatzas; CV Jawahar edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Understanding Video Scenes Through Text: Insights from Text-Based Video Question Answering Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract Researchers have extensively studied the field of vision and language, discovering that both visual and textual content is crucial for understanding scenes effectively. Particularly, comprehending text in videos holds great significance, requiring both scene text understanding and temporal reasoning. This paper focuses on exploring two recently introduced datasets, NewsVideoQA and M4-ViteVQA, which aim to address video question answering based on textual content. The NewsVideoQA dataset contains question-answer pairs related to the text in news videos, while M4- ViteVQA comprises question-answer pairs from diverse categories like vlogging, traveling, and shopping. We provide an analysis of the formulation of these datasets on various levels, exploring the degree of visual understanding and multi-frame comprehension required for answering the questions. Additionally, the study includes experimentation with BERT-QA, a text-only model, which demonstrates comparable performance to the original methods on both datasets, indicating the shortcomings in the formulation of these datasets. Furthermore, we also look into the domain adaptation aspect by examining the effectiveness of training on M4-ViteVQA and evaluating on NewsVideoQA and vice-versa, thereby shedding light on the challenges and potential benefits of out-of-domain training.  
  Address Paris; France; October 2023  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICCVW  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ JMK2023 Serial 3946  
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Author Ruben Perez Tito edit  isbn
openurl 
  Title Exploring the role of Text in Visual Question Answering on Natural Scenes and Documents Type Book Whole
  Year 2023 Publication PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract Visual Question Answering (VQA) is the task where given an image and a natural language question, the objective is to generate a natural language answer. At the intersection between computer vision and natural language processing, this task can be seen as a measure of image understanding capabilities, as it requires to reason about objects, actions, colors, positions, the relations between the different elements as well as commonsense reasoning, world knowledge, arithmetic skills and natural language understanding. However, even though the text present in the images conveys important semantically rich information that is explicit and not available in any other form, most VQA methods remained illiterate, largely
ignoring the text despite its potential significance. In this thesis, we set out on a journey to bring reading capabilities to computer vision models applied to the VQA task, creating new datasets and methods that can read, reason and integrate the text with other visual cues in natural scene images and documents.
In Chapter 3, we address the combination of scene text with visual information to fully understand all the nuances of natural scene images. To achieve this objective, we define a new sub-task of VQA that requires reading the text in the image, and highlight the limitations of the current methods. In addition, we propose a new architecture that integrates both modalities and jointly reasons about textual and visual features. In Chapter 5, we shift the domain of VQA with reading capabilities and apply it on scanned industry document images, providing a high-level end-purpose perspective to Document Understanding, which has been
primarily focused on digitizing the document’s contents and extracting key values without considering the ultimate purpose of the extracted information. For this, we create a dataset which requires methods to reason about the unique and challenging elements of documents, such as text, images, tables, graphs and complex layouts, to provide accurate answers in natural language. However, we observed that explicit visual features provide a slight contribution in the overall performance, since the main information is usually conveyed within the text and its position. In consequence, in Chapter 6, we propose VQA on infographic images, seeking for document images with more visually rich elements that require to fully exploit visual information in order to answer the questions. We show the performance gap of
different methods when used over industry scanned and infographic images, and propose a new method that integrates the visual features in early stages, which allows the transformer architecture to exploit the visual features during the self-attention operation. Instead, in Chapter 7, we apply VQA on a big collection of single-page documents, where the methods must find which documents are relevant to answer the question, and provide the answer itself. Finally, in Chapter 8, mimicking real-world application problems where systems must process documents with multiple pages, we address the multipage document visual question answering task. We demonstrate the limitations of existing methods, including models specifically designed to process long sequences. To overcome these limitations, we propose
a hierarchical architecture that can process long documents, answer questions, and provide the index of the page where the information to answer the question is located as an explainability measure.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis  
  Publisher IMPRIMA Place of Publication Editor Ernest Valveny  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-84-124793-5-5 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Per2023 Serial 3967  
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Author Alloy Das; Sanket Biswas; Umapada Pal; Josep Llados edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Diving into the Depths of Spotting Text in Multi-Domain Noisy Scenes Type Conference Article
  Year 2024 Publication IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation in PACIFICO Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (up)  
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  Abstract When used in a real-world noisy environment, the capacity to generalize to multiple domains is essential for any autonomous scene text spotting system. However, existing state-of-the-art methods employ pretraining and fine-tuning strategies on natural scene datasets, which do not exploit the feature interaction across other complex domains. In this work, we explore and investigate the problem of domain-agnostic scene text spotting, i.e., training a model on multi-domain source data such that it can directly generalize to target domains rather than being specialized for a specific domain or scenario. In this regard, we present the community a text spotting validation benchmark called Under-Water Text (UWT) for noisy underwater scenes to establish an important case study. Moreover, we also design an efficient super-resolution based end-to-end transformer baseline called DA-TextSpotter which achieves comparable or superior performance over existing text spotting architectures for both regular and arbitrary-shaped scene text spotting benchmarks in terms of both accuracy and model efficiency. The dataset, code and pre-trained models will be released upon acceptance.  
  Address Yokohama; Japan; May 2024  
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  Area Expedition Conference ICRA  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ DBP2024 Serial 3979  
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Author Souhail Bakkali; Sanket Biswas; Zuheng Ming; Mickael Coustaty; Marçal Rusiñol; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Josep Llados edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title TransferDoc: A Self-Supervised Transferable Document Representation Learning Model Unifying Vision and Language Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2023 Publication Arxiv Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (up)  
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  Abstract The field of visual document understanding has witnessed a rapid growth in emerging challenges and powerful multi-modal strategies. However, they rely on an extensive amount of document data to learn their pretext objectives in a ``pre-train-then-fine-tune'' paradigm and thus, suffer a significant performance drop in real-world online industrial settings. One major reason is the over-reliance on OCR engines to extract local positional information within a document page. Therefore, this hinders the model's generalizability, flexibility and robustness due to the lack of capturing global information within a document image. We introduce TransferDoc, a cross-modal transformer-based architecture pre-trained in a self-supervised fashion using three novel pretext objectives. TransferDoc learns richer semantic concepts by unifying language and visual representations, which enables the production of more transferable models. Besides, two novel downstream tasks have been introduced for a ``closer-to-real'' industrial evaluation scenario where TransferDoc outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BBM2023 Serial 3995  
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