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Author |
Partha Pratim Roy; Umapada Pal; Josep Llados |


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Title |
Seal Object Detection in Document Images using GHT of Local Component Shapes |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
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10th ACM Symposium On Applied Computing |
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23–27 |
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Due to noise, overlapped text/signature and multi-oriented nature, seal (stamp) object detection involves a difficult challenge. This paper deals with automatic detection of seal from documents with cluttered background. Here, a seal object is characterized by scale and rotation invariant spatial feature descriptors (distance and angular position) computed from recognition result of individual connected components (characters). Recognition of multi-scale and multi-oriented component is done using Support Vector Machine classifier. Generalized Hough Transform (GHT) is used to detect the seal and a voting is casted for finding possible location of the seal object in a document based on these spatial feature descriptor of components pairs. The peak of votes in GHT accumulator validates the hypothesis to locate the seal object in a document. Experimental results show that, the method is efficient to locate seal instance of arbitrary shape and orientation in documents. |
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Sierre, Switzerland |
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SAC |
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DAG @ dag @ RPL2010a |
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1291 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; Josep Llados |

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Title |
Symbol Spotting in Digital Libraries:Focused Retrieval over Graphic-rich Document Collections |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2010 |
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Symbol Spotting in Digital Libraries:Focused Retrieval over Graphic-rich Document Collections |
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Focused Retrieval , Graphical Pattern Indexation,Graphics Recognition ,Pattern Recognition , Performance Evaluation , Symbol Description ,Symbol Spotting |
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The specific problem of symbol recognition in graphical documents requires additional techniques to those developed for character recognition. The most well-known obstacle is the so-called Sayre paradox: Correct recognition requires good segmentation, yet improvement in segmentation is achieved using information provided by the recognition process. This dilemma can be avoided by techniques that identify sets of regions containing useful information. Such symbol-spotting methods allow the detection of symbols in maps or technical drawings without having to fully segment or fully recognize the entire content.
This unique text/reference provides a complete, integrated and large-scale solution to the challenge of designing a robust symbol-spotting method for collections of graphic-rich documents. The book examines a number of features and descriptors, from basic photometric descriptors commonly used in computer vision techniques to those specific to graphical shapes, presenting a methodology which can be used in a wide variety of applications. Additionally, readers are supplied with an insight into the problem of performance evaluation of spotting methods. Some very basic knowledge of pattern recognition, document image analysis and graphics recognition is assumed. |
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Springer |
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978-1-84996-208-7 |
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DAG @ dag @ RuL2010a |
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1292 |
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Author |
Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman; Thierry Brouard; Jean-Yves Ramel; Josep Llados |

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Title |
Vers une approche foue of encapsulation de graphes: application a la reconnaissance de symboles |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
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Colloque International Francophone sur l'Écrit et le Document |
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169-184 |
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Fuzzy interval; Graph embedding; Bayesian network; Symbol recognition |
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We present a new methodology for symbol recognition, by employing a structural approach for representing visual associations in symbols and a statistical classifier for recognition. A graphic symbol is vectorized, its topological and geometrical details are encoded by an attributed relational graph and a signature is computed for it. Data adapted fuzzy intervals have been introduced for addressing the sensitivity of structural representations to noise. The joint probability distribution of signatures is encoded by a Bayesian network, which serves as a mechanism for pruning irrelevant features and choosing a subset of interesting features from structural signatures of underlying symbol set, and is deployed in a supervised learning scenario for recognizing query symbols. Experimental results on pre-segmented 2D linear architectural and electronic symbols from GREC databases are presented. |
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Sousse, Tunisia |
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CIFED |
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DAG @ dag @ LBR2010a |
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1293 |
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Author |
Miquel Ferrer; Ernest Valveny; F. Serratosa; K. Riesen; Horst Bunke |


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Title |
Generalized Median Graph Computation by Means of Graph Embedding in Vector Spaces |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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43 |
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4 |
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1642–1655 |
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Graph matching; Weighted mean of graphs; Median graph; Graph embedding; Vector spaces |
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The median graph has been presented as a useful tool to represent a set of graphs. Nevertheless its computation is very complex and the existing algorithms are restricted to use limited amount of data. In this paper we propose a new approach for the computation of the median graph based on graph embedding. Graphs are embedded into a vector space and the median is computed in the vector domain. We have designed a procedure based on the weighted mean of a pair of graphs to go from the vector domain back to the graph domain in order to obtain a final approximation of the median graph. Experiments on three different databases containing large graphs show that we succeed to compute good approximations of the median graph. We have also applied the median graph to perform some basic classification tasks achieving reasonable good results. These experiments on real data open the door to the application of the median graph to a number of more complex machine learning algorithms where a representative of a set of graphs is needed. |
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Elsevier |
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DAG @ dag @ FVS2010 |
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1294 |
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Author |
Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez; Xavier Otazu; Horst Bunke |

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Title |
A Combination of Features for Symbol-Independent Writer Identification in Old Music Scores |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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IJDAR |
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13 |
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4 |
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243-259 |
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The aim of writer identification is determining the writer of a piece of handwriting from a set of writers. In this paper, we present an architecture for writer identification in old handwritten music scores. Even though an important amount of music compositions contain handwritten text, the aim of our work is to use only music notation to determine the author. The main contribution is therefore the use of features extracted from graphical alphabets. Our proposal consists in combining the identification results of two different approaches, based on line and textural features. The steps of the ensemble architecture are the following. First of all, the music sheet is preprocessed for removing the staff lines. Then, music lines and texture images are generated for computing line features and textural features. Finally, the classification results are combined for identifying the writer. The proposed method has been tested on a database of old music scores from the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, achieving a recognition rate of about 92% with 20 writers. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG; CAT;CIC |
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FLS2010b |
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1319 |
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Author |
Albert Gordo; Alicia Fornes; Ernest Valveny; Josep Llados |


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Title |
A Bag of Notes Approach to Writer Identification in Old Handwritten Music Scores |
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Conference Article |
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2010 |
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9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems |
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247–254 |
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Determining the authorship of a document, namely writer identification, can be an important source of information for document categorization. Contrary to text documents, the identification of the writer of graphical documents is still a challenge. In this paper we present a robust approach for writer identification in a particular kind of graphical documents, old music scores. This approach adapts the bag of visual terms method for coping with graphic documents. The identification is performed only using the graphical music notation. For this purpose, we generate a graphic vocabulary without recognizing any music symbols, and consequently, avoiding the difficulties in the recognition of hand-drawn symbols in old and degraded documents. The proposed method has been tested on a database of old music scores from the 17th to 19th centuries, achieving very high identification rates. |
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Boston; USA; |
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978-1-60558-773-8 |
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DAS |
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DAG @ dag @ GFV2010 |
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1320 |
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Author |
Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados |


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Title |
A Symbol-dependent Writer Identifcation Approach in Old Handwritten Music Scores |
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Conference Article |
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2010 |
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12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition |
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634 - 639 |
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Writer identification consists in determining the writer of a piece of handwriting from a set of writers. In this paper we introduce a symbol-dependent approach for identifying the writer of old music scores, which is based on two symbol recognition methods. The main idea is to use the Blurred Shape Model descriptor and a DTW-based method for detecting, recognizing and describing the music clefs and notes. The proposed approach has been evaluated in a database of old music scores, achieving very high writer identification rates. |
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Kolkata (India) |
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978-1-4244-8353-2 |
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ICFHR |
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DAG @ dag @ FoL2010 |
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1321 |
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Author |
Joan Mas; Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez; J.A. Jorge |


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A syntactic approach based on distortion-tolerant Adjacency Grammars and a spatial-directed parser to interpret sketched diagrams |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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43 |
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12 |
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4148–4164 |
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Syntactic Pattern Recognition; Symbol recognition; Diagram understanding; Sketched diagrams; Adjacency Grammars; Incremental parsing; Spatial directed parsing |
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This paper presents a syntactic approach based on Adjacency Grammars (AG) for sketch diagram modeling and understanding. Diagrams are a combination of graphical symbols arranged according to a set of spatial rules defined by a visual language. AG describe visual shapes by productions defined in terms of terminal and non-terminal symbols (graphical primitives and subshapes), and a set functions describing the spatial arrangements between symbols. Our approach to sketch diagram understanding provides three main contributions. First, since AG are linear grammars, there is a need to define shapes and relations inherently bidimensional using a sequential formalism. Second, our parsing approach uses an indexing structure based on a spatial tessellation. This serves to reduce the search space when finding candidates to produce a valid reduction. This allows order-free parsing of 2D visual sentences while keeping combinatorial explosion in check. Third, working with sketches requires a distortion model to cope with the natural variations of hand drawn strokes. To this end we extended the basic grammar with a distortion measure modeled on the allowable variation on spatial constraints associated with grammar productions. Finally, the paper reports on an experimental framework an interactive system for sketch analysis. User tests performed on two real scenarios show that our approach is usable in interactive settings. |
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Elsevier |
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DAG @ dag @ MLS2010 |
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1336 |
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Author |
Umapada Pal; Partha Pratim Roy; N. Tripathya; Josep Llados |


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Title |
Multi-oriented Bangla and Devnagari text recognition |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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43 |
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12 |
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4124–4136 |
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There are printed complex documents where text lines of a single page may have different orientations or the text lines may be curved in shape. As a result, it is difficult to detect the skew of such documents and hence character segmentation and recognition of such documents are a complex task. In this paper, using background and foreground information we propose a novel scheme towards the recognition of Indian complex documents of Bangla and Devnagari script. In Bangla and Devnagari documents usually characters in a word touch and they form cavity regions. To take care of these cavity regions, background information of such documents is used. Convex hull and water reservoir principle have been applied for this purpose. Here, at first, the characters are segmented from the documents using the background information of the text. Next, individual characters are recognized using rotation invariant features obtained from the foreground part of the characters.
For character segmentation, at first, writing mode of a touching component (word) is detected using water reservoir principle based features. Next, depending on writing mode and the reservoir base-region of the touching component, a set of candidate envelope points is then selected from the contour points of the component. Based on these candidate points, the touching component is finally segmented into individual characters. For recognition of multi-sized/multi-oriented characters the features are computed from different angular information obtained from the external and internal contour pixels of the characters. These angular information are computed in such a way that they do not depend on the size and rotation of the characters. Circular and convex hull rings have been used to divide a character into smaller zones to get zone-wise features for higher recognition results. We combine circular and convex hull features to improve the results and these features are fed to support vector machines (SVM) for recognition. From our experiment we obtained recognition results of 99.18% (98.86%) accuracy when tested on 7515 (7874) Devnagari (Bangla) characters. |
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Elsevier |
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DAG @ dag @ PRT2010 |
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1337 |
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Author |
Anjan Dutta |

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Title |
Symbol Spotting in Graphical Documents by Serialized Subgraph Matching |
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Report |
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2010 |
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CVC Technical Report |
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159 |
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Master's thesis |
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Admin @ si @ Dut2010 |
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