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Author |
Jaume Gibert; Ernest Valveny; Horst Bunke; Alicia Fornes |


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Title |
On the Correlation of Graph Edit Distance and L1 Distance in the Attribute Statistics Embedding Space |
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Conference Article |
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2012 |
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Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition, Joint IAPR International Workshop |
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7626 |
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135-143 |
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Graph embeddings in vector spaces aim at assigning a pattern vector to every graph so that the problems of graph classification and clustering can be solved by using data processing algorithms originally developed for statistical feature vectors. An important requirement graph features should fulfil is that they reproduce as much as possible the properties among objects in the graph domain. In particular, it is usually desired that distances between pairs of graphs in the graph domain closely resemble those between their corresponding vectorial representations. In this work, we analyse relations between the edit distance in the graph domain and the L1 distance of the attribute statistics based embedding, for which good classification performance has been reported on various datasets. We show that there is actually a high correlation between the two kinds of distances provided that the corresponding parameter values that account for balancing the weight between node and edge based features are properly selected. |
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Springer-Berlag, Berlin |
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978-3-642-34165-6 |
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SSPR&SPR |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ GVB2012c |
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2167 |
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Author |
Jaume Gibert; Ernest Valveny; Horst Bunke |


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Title |
Embedding of Graphs with Discrete Attributes Via Label Frequencies |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence |
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IJPRAI |
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27 |
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3 |
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1360002-1360029 |
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Discrete attributed graphs; graph embedding; graph classification |
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Graph-based representations of patterns are very flexible and powerful, but they are not easily processed due to the lack of learning algorithms in the domain of graphs. Embedding a graph into a vector space solves this problem since graphs are turned into feature vectors and thus all the statistical learning machinery becomes available for graph input patterns. In this work we present a new way of embedding discrete attributed graphs into vector spaces using node and edge label frequencies. The methodology is experimentally tested on graph classification problems, using patterns of different nature, and it is shown to be competitive to state-of-the-art classification algorithms for graphs, while being computationally much more efficient. |
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Admin @ si @ GVB2013 |
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2305 |
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Author |
Zheng Huang; Kai Chen; Jianhua He; Xiang Bai; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Shijian Lu; CV Jawahar |


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Title |
ICDAR2019 Competition on Scanned Receipt OCR and Information Extraction |
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Conference Article |
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2019 |
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15th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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1516-1520 |
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The ICDAR 2019 Challenge on “Scanned receipts OCR and key information extraction” (SROIE) covers important aspects related to the automated analysis of scanned receipts. The SROIE tasks play a key role in many document analysis systems and hold significant commercial potential. Although a lot of work has been published over the years on administrative document analysis, the community has advanced relatively slowly, as most datasets have been kept private. One of the key contributions of SROIE to the document analysis community is to offer a first, standardized dataset of 1000 whole scanned receipt images and annotations, as well as an evaluation procedure for such tasks. The Challenge is structured around three tasks, namely Scanned Receipt Text Localization (Task 1), Scanned Receipt OCR (Task 2) and Key Information Extraction from Scanned Receipts (Task 3). The competition opened on 10th February, 2019 and closed on 5th May, 2019. We received 29, 24 and 18 valid submissions received for the three competition tasks, respectively. This report presents the competition datasets, define the tasks and the evaluation protocols, offer detailed submission statistics, as well as an analysis of the submitted performance. While the tasks of text localization and recognition seem to be relatively easy to tackle, it is interesting to observe the variety of ideas and approaches proposed for the information extraction task. According to the submissions' performance we believe there is still margin for improving information extraction performance, although the current dataset would have to grow substantially in following editions. Given the success of the SROIE competition evidenced by the wide interest generated and the healthy number of submissions from academic, research institutes and industry over different countries, we consider that the SROIE competition can evolve into a useful resource for the community, drawing further attention and promoting research and development efforts in this field. |
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Sydney; Australia; September 2019 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG; 600.129 |
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no |
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Call Number  |
Admin @ si @ HCH2019 |
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3338 |
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Author |
Lluis Pere de las Heras |

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Title |
Relational Models for Visual Understanding of Graphical Documents. Application to Architectural Drawings. |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2014 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Graphical documents express complex concepts using a visual language. This language consists of a vocabulary (symbols) and a syntax (structural relations between symbols) that articulate a semantic meaning in a certain context. Therefore, the automatic interpretation by computers of these sort of documents entails three main steps: the detection of the symbols, the extraction of the structural relations between these symbols, and the modeling of the knowledge that permits the extraction of the semantics. Dierent domains in graphical documents include: architectural and engineering drawings, maps, owcharts, etc.
Graphics Recognition in particular and Document Image Analysis in general are
born from the industrial need of interpreting a massive amount of digitalized documents after the emergence of the scanner. Although many years have passed, the graphical document understanding problem still seems to be far from being solved. The main reason is that the vast majority of the systems in the literature focus on very specic problems, where the domain of the document dictates the implementation of the interpretation. As a result, it is dicult to reuse these strategies on dierent data and on dierent contexts, hindering thus the natural progress in the eld.
In this thesis, we face the graphical document understanding problem by proposing several relational models at dierent levels that are designed from a generic perspective. Firstly, we introduce three dierent strategies for the detection of symbols. The first method tackles the problem structurally, wherein general knowledge of the domain guides the detection. The second is a statistical method that learns the graphical appearance of the symbols and easily adapts to the big variability of the problem. The third method is a combination of the previous two methods that inherits their respective strengths, i.e. copes the big variability and does not need annotated data. Secondly, we present two relational strategies that tackle the problem of the visual context extraction. The first one is a full bottom up method that heuristically searches in a graph representation the contextual relations between symbols. Contrarily, the second is syntactic method that models probabilistically the structure of the documents. It automatically learns the model, which guides the inference algorithm to encounter the best structural representation for a given input. Finally, we construct a knowledge-based model consisting of an ontological denition of the domain and real data. This model permits to perform contextual reasoning and to detect semantic inconsistencies within the data. We evaluate the suitability of the proposed contributions in the framework of floor plan interpretation. Since there is no standard in the modeling of these documents there exists an enormous notation variability from plan to plan in terms of vocabulary and syntax. Therefore, floor plan interpretation is a relevant task in the graphical document understanding problem. It is also worth to mention that we make freely available all the resources used in this thesis {the data, the tool used to generate the data, and the evaluation scripts{ with the aim of fostering research in the graphical document understanding task. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Gemma Sanchez |
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978-84-940902-8-8 |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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no |
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Call Number  |
Admin @ si @ Her2014 |
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2574 |
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Author |
Lluis Pere de las Heras; Gemma Sanchez |


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Title |
And-Or Graph Grammar for Architectural Floorplan Representation, Learning and Recognition. A Semantic, Structural and Hierarchical Model |
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Conference Article |
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2011 |
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5th Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis |
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6669 |
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17-24 |
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This paper presents a syntactic model for architectural floor plan interpretation. A stochastic image grammar over an And-Or graph is inferred to represent the hierarchical, structural and semantic relations between elements of all possible floor plans. This grammar is augmented with three different probabilistic models, learnt from a training set, to account the frequency of that relations. Then, a Bottom-Up/Top-Down parser with a pruning strategy has been used for floor plan recognition. For a given input, the parser generates the most probable parse graph for that document. This graph not only contains the structural and semantic relations of its elements, but also its hierarchical composition, that allows to interpret the floor plan at different levels of abstraction. |
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Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Spain |
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978-3-642-21256-7 |
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IbPRIA |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ HeS2011 |
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1736 |
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Author |
Lluis Pere de las Heras; David Fernandez; Alicia Fornes; Ernest Valveny; Gemma Sanchez;Josep Llados |

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Title |
Perceptual retrieval of architectural floor plans |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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10th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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This paper proposes a runlength histogram signature as a percetual descriptor of architectural plans in a retrieval scenario. The style of an architectural drawing is characterized by the perception of lines, shapes and texture. Such visual stimuli are the basis for defining semantic concepts as space properties, symmetry, density, etc. We propose runlength histograms extracted in vertical, horizontal and diagonal directions as a characterization of line and space properties in floorplans, so it can be roughly associated to a description of walls and room structure. A retrieval application illustrates the performance of the proposed approach, where given a plan as a query,
similar ones are obtained from a database. A ground truth based on human observation has been constructed to validate the hypothesis. Preliminary results show the interest of the proposed approach and opens a challenging research line in graphics recognition. |
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Bethlehem; PA; USA; August 2013 |
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GREC |
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DAG; 600.045; 600.056; 600.061 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ HFF2013a |
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2320 |
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Author |
Lluis Pere de las Heras; David Fernandez; Alicia Fornes; Ernest Valveny; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |

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Title |
Runlength Histogram Image Signature for Perceptual Retrieval of Architectural Floor Plans |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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10th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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Bethlehem; PA; USA; August 2013 |
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GREC |
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DAG; 600.045; 600.061; 600.056 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ HFF2013b |
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2695 |
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Author |
Lluis Pere de las Heras; David Fernandez; Alicia Fornes; Ernest Valveny; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |


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Title |
Runlength Histogram Image Signature for Perceptual Retrieval of Architectural Floor Plans |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Graphics Recognition. Current Trends and Challenges |
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8746 |
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135-146 |
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Graphics recognition; Graphics retrieval; Image classification |
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This paper proposes a runlength histogram signature as a perceptual descriptor of architectural plans in a retrieval scenario. The style of an architectural drawing is characterized by the perception of lines, shapes and texture. Such visual stimuli are the basis for defining semantic concepts as space properties, symmetry, density, etc. We propose runlength histograms extracted in vertical, horizontal and diagonal directions as a characterization of line and space properties in floorplans, so it can be roughly associated to a description of walls and room structure. A retrieval application illustrates the performance of the proposed approach, where given a plan as a query, similar ones are obtained from a database. A ground truth based on human observation has been constructed to validate the hypothesis. Additional retrieval results on sketched building’s facades are reported qualitatively in this paper. Its good description and its adaptability to two different sketch drawings despite its simplicity shows the interest of the proposed approach and opens a challenging research line in graphics recognition. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-662-44853-3 |
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DAG; ADAS; 600.045; 600.056; 600.061; 600.076; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ HFF2014 |
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2536 |
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Author |
Lluis Pere de las Heras; David Fernandez; Ernest Valveny; Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez |


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Title |
Unsupervised wall detector in architectural floor plan |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
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12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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1245-1249 |
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Wall detection in floor plans is a crucial step in a complete floor plan recognition system. Walls define the main structure of buildings and convey essential information for the detection of other structural elements. Nevertheless, wall segmentation is a difficult task, mainly because of the lack of a standard graphical notation. The existing approaches are restricted to small group of similar notations or require the existence of pre-annotated corpus of input images to learn each new notation. In this paper we present an automatic wall segmentation system, with the ability to handle completely different notations without the need of any annotated dataset. It only takes advantage of the general knowledge that walls are a repetitive element, naturally distributed within the plan and commonly modeled by straight parallel lines. The method has been tested on four datasets of real floor plans with different notations, and compared with the state-of-the-art. The results show its suitability for different graphical notations, achieving higher recall rates than the rest of the methods while keeping a high average precision. |
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Washington; USA; August 2013 |
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1520-5363 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG; 600.061; 600.056; 600.045 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ HFV2013 |
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2319 |
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Author |
Lluis Pere de las Heras; Joan Mas; Gemma Sanchez; Ernest Valveny |


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Title |
Wall Patch-Based Segmentation in Architectural Floorplans |
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Conference Article |
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2011 |
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11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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1270-1274 |
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Segmentation of architectural floor plans is a challenging task, mainly because of the large variability in the notation between different plans. In general, traditional techniques, usually based on analyzing and grouping structural primitives obtained by vectorization, are only able to handle a reduced range of similar notations. In this paper we propose an alternative patch-based segmentation approach working at pixel level, without need of vectorization. The image is divided into a set of patches and a set of features is extracted for every patch. Then, each patch is assigned to a visual word of a previously learned vocabulary and given a probability of belonging to each class of objects. Finally, a post-process assigns the final label for every pixel. This approach has been applied to the detection of walls on two datasets of architectural floor plans with different notations, achieving high accuracy rates. |
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Beiging, China |
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1520-5363 |
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978-0-7695-4520-2 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG |
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no |
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Call Number  |
Admin @ si @ HMS2011a |
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1792 |
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