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Author |
Jaume Amores |
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Title |
MILDE: multiple instance learning by discriminative embedding |
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Journal Article |
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Year  |
2015 |
Publication |
Knowledge and Information Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
KAIS |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
381-407 |
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Keywords |
Multi-instance learning; Codebook; Bag of words |
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Abstract |
While the objective of the standard supervised learning problem is to classify feature vectors, in the multiple instance learning problem, the objective is to classify bags, where each bag contains multiple feature vectors. This represents a generalization of the standard problem, and this generalization becomes necessary in many real applications such as drug activity prediction, content-based image retrieval, and others. While the existing paradigms are based on learning the discriminant information either at the instance level or at the bag level, we propose to incorporate both levels of information. This is done by defining a discriminative embedding of the original space based on the responses of cluster-adapted instance classifiers. Results clearly show the advantage of the proposed method over the state of the art, where we tested the performance through a variety of well-known databases that come from real problems, and we also included an analysis of the performance using synthetically generated data. |
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Springer London |
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0219-1377 |
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ADAS; 601.042; 600.057; 600.076 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Amo2015 |
Serial |
2383 |
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Author |
Naveen Onkarappa; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Synthetic sequences and ground-truth flow field generation for algorithm validation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Multimedia Tools and Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
MTAP |
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Volume |
74 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
3121-3135 |
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Keywords |
Ground-truth optical flow; Synthetic sequence; Algorithm validation |
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Research in computer vision is advancing by the availability of good datasets that help to improve algorithms, validate results and obtain comparative analysis. The datasets can be real or synthetic. For some of the computer vision problems such as optical flow it is not possible to obtain ground-truth optical flow with high accuracy in natural outdoor real scenarios directly by any sensor, although it is possible to obtain ground-truth data of real scenarios in a laboratory setup with limited motion. In this difficult situation computer graphics offers a viable option for creating realistic virtual scenarios. In the current work we present a framework to design virtual scenes and generate sequences as well as ground-truth flow fields. Particularly, we generate a dataset containing sequences of driving scenarios. The sequences in the dataset vary in different speeds of the on-board vision system, different road textures, complex motion of vehicle and independent moving vehicles in the scene. This dataset enables analyzing and adaptation of existing optical flow methods, and leads to invention of new approaches particularly for driver assistance systems. |
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Springer US |
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1380-7501 |
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ADAS; 600.055; 601.215; 600.076 |
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Admin @ si @ OnS2014b |
Serial |
2472 |
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Author |
Monica Piñol; Angel Sappa; Ricardo Toledo |
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Title |
Adaptive Feature Descriptor Selection based on a Multi-Table Reinforcement Learning Strategy |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Neurocomputing |
Abbreviated Journal |
NEUCOM |
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Volume |
150 |
Issue |
A |
Pages |
106–115 |
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Keywords |
Reinforcement learning; Q-learning; Bag of features; Descriptors |
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This paper presents and evaluates a framework to improve the performance of visual object classification methods, which are based on the usage of image feature descriptors as inputs. The goal of the proposed framework is to learn the best descriptor for each image in a given database. This goal is reached by means of a reinforcement learning process using the minimum information. The visual classification system used to demonstrate the proposed framework is based on a bag of features scheme, and the reinforcement learning technique is implemented through the Q-learning approach. The behavior of the reinforcement learning with different state definitions is evaluated. Additionally, a method that combines all these states is formulated in order to select the optimal state. Finally, the chosen actions are obtained from the best set of image descriptors in the literature: PHOW, SIFT, C-SIFT, SURF and Spin. Experimental results using two public databases (ETH and COIL) are provided showing both the validity of the proposed approach and comparisons with state of the art. In all the cases the best results are obtained with the proposed approach. |
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ADAS; 600.055; 600.076 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ PST2015 |
Serial |
2473 |
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Author |
Miguel Oliveira; Victor Santos; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Multimodal Inverse Perspective Mapping |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Information Fusion |
Abbreviated Journal |
IF |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
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Pages |
108–121 |
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Keywords |
Inverse perspective mapping; Multimodal sensor fusion; Intelligent vehicles |
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Over the past years, inverse perspective mapping has been successfully applied to several problems in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems. In brief, the method consists of mapping images to a new coordinate system where perspective effects are removed. The removal of perspective associated effects facilitates road and obstacle detection and also assists in free space estimation. There is, however, a significant limitation in the inverse perspective mapping: the presence of obstacles on the road disrupts the effectiveness of the mapping. The current paper proposes a robust solution based on the use of multimodal sensor fusion. Data from a laser range finder is fused with images from the cameras, so that the mapping is not computed in the regions where obstacles are present. As shown in the results, this considerably improves the effectiveness of the algorithm and reduces computation time when compared with the classical inverse perspective mapping. Furthermore, the proposed approach is also able to cope with several cameras with different lenses or image resolutions, as well as dynamic viewpoints. |
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ADAS; 600.055; 600.076 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ OSS2015c |
Serial |
2532 |
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Author |
T. Mouats; N. Aouf; Angel Sappa; Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; Ricardo Toledo |
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Title |
Multi-Spectral Stereo Odometry |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
TITS |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1210-1224 |
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Keywords |
Egomotion estimation; feature matching; multispectral odometry (MO); optical flow; stereo odometry; thermal imagery |
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Abstract |
In this paper, we investigate the problem of visual odometry for ground vehicles based on the simultaneous utilization of multispectral cameras. It encompasses a stereo rig composed of an optical (visible) and thermal sensors. The novelty resides in the localization of the cameras as a stereo setup rather
than two monocular cameras of different spectrums. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such task is attempted. Log-Gabor wavelets at different orientations and scales are used to extract interest points from both images. These are then described using a combination of frequency and spatial information within the local neighborhood. Matches between the pairs of multimodal images are computed using the cosine similarity function based
on the descriptors. Pyramidal Lucas–Kanade tracker is also introduced to tackle temporal feature matching within challenging sequences of the data sets. The vehicle egomotion is computed from the triangulated 3-D points corresponding to the matched features. A windowed version of bundle adjustment incorporating
Gauss–Newton optimization is utilized for motion estimation. An outlier removal scheme is also included within the framework to deal with outliers. Multispectral data sets were generated and used as test bed. They correspond to real outdoor scenarios captured using our multimodal setup. Finally, detailed results validating the proposed strategy are illustrated. |
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1524-9050 |
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ADAS; 600.055; 600.076 |
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Admin @ si @ MAS2015a |
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2533 |
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Author |
Mohammad Rouhani; Angel Sappa; E. Boyer |
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Title |
Implicit B-Spline Surface Reconstruction |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
TIP |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
22 - 32 |
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This paper presents a fast and flexible curve, and surface reconstruction technique based on implicit B-spline. This representation does not require any parameterization and it is locally supported. This fact has been exploited in this paper to propose a reconstruction technique through solving a sparse system of equations. This method is further accelerated to reduce the dimension to the active control lattice. Moreover, the surface smoothness and user interaction are allowed for controlling the surface. Finally, a novel weighting technique has been introduced in order to blend small patches and smooth them in the overlapping regions. The whole framework is very fast and efficient and can handle large cloud of points with very low computational cost. The experimental results show the flexibility and accuracy of the proposed algorithm to describe objects with complex topologies. Comparisons with other fitting methods highlight the superiority of the proposed approach in the presence of noise and missing data. |
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1057-7149 |
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ADAS; 600.076 |
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Admin @ si @ RSB2015 |
Serial |
2541 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; David Aldavert; Ricardo Toledo; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Efficient segmentation-free keyword spotting in historical document collections |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
PR |
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48 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
545–555 |
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Historical documents; Keyword spotting; Segmentation-free; Dense SIFT features; Latent semantic analysis; Product quantization |
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In this paper we present an efficient segmentation-free word spotting method, applied in the context of historical document collections, that follows the query-by-example paradigm. We use a patch-based framework where local patches are described by a bag-of-visual-words model powered by SIFT descriptors. By projecting the patch descriptors to a topic space with the latent semantic analysis technique and compressing the descriptors with the product quantization method, we are able to efficiently index the document information both in terms of memory and time. The proposed method is evaluated using four different collections of historical documents achieving good performances on both handwritten and typewritten scenarios. The yielded performances outperform the recent state-of-the-art keyword spotting approaches. |
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DAG; ADAS; 600.076; 600.077; 600.061; 601.223; 602.006; 600.055 |
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Admin @ si @ RAT2015a |
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2544 |
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Author |
Katerine Diaz; Francesc J. Ferri; W. Diaz |
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Title |
Incremental Generalized Discriminative Common Vectors for Image Classification |
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Year |
2015 |
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IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
TNNLS |
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26 |
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8 |
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1761 - 1775 |
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Subspace-based methods have become popular due to their ability to appropriately represent complex data in such a way that both dimensionality is reduced and discriminativeness is enhanced. Several recent works have concentrated on the discriminative common vector (DCV) method and other closely related algorithms also based on the concept of null space. In this paper, we present a generalized incremental formulation of the DCV methods, which allows the update of a given model by considering the addition of new examples even from unseen classes. Having efficient incremental formulations of well-behaved batch algorithms allows us to conveniently adapt previously trained classifiers without the need of recomputing them from scratch. The proposed generalized incremental method has been empirically validated in different case studies from different application domains (faces, objects, and handwritten digits) considering several different scenarios in which new data are continuously added at different rates starting from an initial model. |
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2162-237X |
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ADAS; 600.076 |
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Admin @ si @ DFD2015 |
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2547 |
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Author |
Miguel Oliveira; Angel Sappa; Victor Santos |
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Title |
A probabilistic approach for color correction in image mosaicking applications |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
TIP |
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14 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
508 - 523 |
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Color correction; image mosaicking; color transfer; color palette mapping functions |
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Image mosaicking applications require both geometrical and photometrical registrations between the images that compose the mosaic. This paper proposes a probabilistic color correction algorithm for correcting the photometrical disparities. First, the image to be color corrected is segmented into several regions using mean shift. Then, connected regions are extracted using a region fusion algorithm. Local joint image histograms of each region are modeled as collections of truncated Gaussians using a maximum likelihood estimation procedure. Then, local color palette mapping functions are computed using these sets of Gaussians. The color correction is performed by applying those functions to all the regions of the image. An extensive comparison with ten other state of the art color correction algorithms is presented, using two different image pair data sets. Results show that the proposed approach obtains the best average scores in both data sets and evaluation metrics and is also the most robust to failures. |
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1057-7149 |
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ADAS; 600.076 |
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Admin @ si @ OSS2015b |
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2554 |
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Author |
Lluis Pere de las Heras; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Sergi Robles; Gemma Sanchez |
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Title |
CVC-FP and SGT: a new database for structural floor plan analysis and its groundtruthing tool |
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2015 |
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International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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IJDAR |
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18 |
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1 |
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15-30 |
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Recent results on structured learning methods have shown the impact of structural information in a wide range of pattern recognition tasks. In the field of document image analysis, there is a long experience on structural methods for the analysis and information extraction of multiple types of documents. Yet, the lack of conveniently annotated and free access databases has not benefited the progress in some areas such as technical drawing understanding. In this paper, we present a floor plan database, named CVC-FP, that is annotated for the architectural objects and their structural relations. To construct this database, we have implemented a groundtruthing tool, the SGT tool, that allows to make specific this sort of information in a natural manner. This tool has been made for general purpose groundtruthing: It allows to define own object classes and properties, multiple labeling options are possible, grants the cooperative work, and provides user and version control. We finally have collected some of the recent work on floor plan interpretation and present a quantitative benchmark for this database. Both CVC-FP database and the SGT tool are freely released to the research community to ease comparisons between methods and boost reproducible research. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG; ADAS; 600.061; 600.076; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ HRR2015 |
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2567 |
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