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Joan Serrat; Felipe Lumbreras; Idoia Ruiz |
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Title |
Learning to measure for preshipment garment sizing |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Measurement |
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MEASURE |
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130 |
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327-339 |
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Apparel; Computer vision; Structured prediction; Regression |
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Clothing is still manually manufactured for the most part nowadays, resulting in discrepancies between nominal and real dimensions, and potentially ill-fitting garments. Hence, it is common in the apparel industry to manually perform measures at preshipment time. We present an automatic method to obtain such measures from a single image of a garment that speeds up this task. It is generic and extensible in the sense that it does not depend explicitly on the garment shape or type. Instead, it learns through a probabilistic graphical model to identify the different contour parts. Subsequently, a set of Lasso regressors, one per desired measure, can predict the actual values of the measures. We present results on a dataset of 130 images of jackets and 98 of pants, of varying sizes and styles, obtaining 1.17 and 1.22 cm of mean absolute error, respectively. |
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ADAS; MSIAU; 600.122; 600.118 |
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Admin @ si @ SLR2018 |
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3128 |
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Jiaolong Xu; Liang Xiao; Antonio Lopez |
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Self-supervised Domain Adaptation for Computer Vision Tasks |
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2019 |
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IEEE Access |
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ACCESS |
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7 |
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156694 - 156706 |
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Recent progress of self-supervised visual representation learning has achieved remarkable success on many challenging computer vision benchmarks. However, whether these techniques can be used for domain adaptation has not been explored. In this work, we propose a generic method for self-supervised domain adaptation, using object recognition and semantic segmentation of urban scenes as use cases. Focusing on simple pretext/auxiliary tasks (e.g. image rotation prediction), we assess different learning strategies to improve domain adaptation effectiveness by self-supervision. Additionally, we propose two complementary strategies to further boost the domain adaptation accuracy on semantic segmentation within our method, consisting of prediction layer alignment and batch normalization calibration. The experimental results show adaptation levels comparable to most studied domain adaptation methods, thus, bringing self-supervision as a new alternative for reaching domain adaptation. The code is available at this link. https://github.com/Jiaolong/self-supervised-da. |
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ADAS; 600.118 |
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Admin @ si @ XXL2019 |
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3302 |
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Cesar de Souza; Adrien Gaidon; Yohann Cabon; Naila Murray; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Generating Human Action Videos by Coupling 3D Game Engines and Probabilistic Graphical Models |
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2020 |
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International Journal of Computer Vision |
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IJCV |
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128 |
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1505–1536 |
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Procedural generation; Human action recognition; Synthetic data; Physics |
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Deep video action recognition models have been highly successful in recent years but require large quantities of manually-annotated data, which are expensive and laborious to obtain. In this work, we investigate the generation of synthetic training data for video action recognition, as synthetic data have been successfully used to supervise models for a variety of other computer vision tasks. We propose an interpretable parametric generative model of human action videos that relies on procedural generation, physics models and other components of modern game engines. With this model we generate a diverse, realistic, and physically plausible dataset of human action videos, called PHAV for “Procedural Human Action Videos”. PHAV contains a total of 39,982 videos, with more than 1000 examples for each of 35 action categories. Our video generation approach is not limited to existing motion capture sequences: 14 of these 35 categories are procedurally-defined synthetic actions. In addition, each video is represented with 6 different data modalities, including RGB, optical flow and pixel-level semantic labels. These modalities are generated almost simultaneously using the Multiple Render Targets feature of modern GPUs. In order to leverage PHAV, we introduce a deep multi-task (i.e. that considers action classes from multiple datasets) representation learning architecture that is able to simultaneously learn from synthetic and real video datasets, even when their action categories differ. Our experiments on the UCF-101 and HMDB-51 benchmarks suggest that combining our large set of synthetic videos with small real-world datasets can boost recognition performance. Our approach also significantly outperforms video representations produced by fine-tuning state-of-the-art unsupervised generative models of videos. |
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ADAS; 600.124; 600.118 |
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Admin @ si @ SGC2019 |
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3303 |
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Daniel Hernandez; Lukas Schneider; P. Cebrian; A. Espinosa; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; Uwe Franke; Marc Pollefeys; Juan Carlos Moure |
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Title |
Slanted Stixels: A way to represent steep streets |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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International Journal of Computer Vision |
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IJCV |
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127 |
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1643–1658 |
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This work presents and evaluates a novel compact scene representation based on Stixels that infers geometric and semantic information. Our approach overcomes the previous rather restrictive geometric assumptions for Stixels by introducing a novel depth model to account for non-flat roads and slanted objects. Both semantic and depth cues are used jointly to infer the scene representation in a sound global energy minimization formulation. Furthermore, a novel approximation scheme is introduced in order to significantly reduce the computational complexity of the Stixel algorithm, and then achieve real-time computation capabilities. The idea is to first perform an over-segmentation of the image, discarding the unlikely Stixel cuts, and apply the algorithm only on the remaining Stixel cuts. This work presents a novel over-segmentation strategy based on a fully convolutional network, which outperforms an approach based on using local extrema of the disparity map. We evaluate the proposed methods in terms of semantic and geometric accuracy as well as run-time on four publicly available benchmark datasets. Our approach maintains accuracy on flat road scene datasets while improving substantially on a novel non-flat road dataset. |
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ADAS; 600.118; 600.124 |
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Admin @ si @ HSC2019 |
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3304 |
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Fei Yang; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer; Jose Antonio Iglesias; Antonio Lopez; Mikhail Mozerov |
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Title |
Variable Rate Deep Image Compression with Modulated Autoencoder |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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IEEE Signal Processing Letters |
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SPL |
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27 |
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331-335 |
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Variable rate is a requirement for flexible and adaptable image and video compression. However, deep image compression methods (DIC) are optimized for a single fixed rate-distortion (R-D) tradeoff. While this can be addressed by training multiple models for different tradeoffs, the memory requirements increase proportionally to the number of models. Scaling the bottleneck representation of a shared autoencoder can provide variable rate compression with a single shared autoencoder. However, the R-D performance using this simple mechanism degrades in low bitrates, and also shrinks the effective range of bitrates. To address these limitations, we formulate the problem of variable R-D optimization for DIC, and propose modulated autoencoders (MAEs), where the representations of a shared autoencoder are adapted to the specific R-D tradeoff via a modulation network. Jointly training this modulated autoencoder and the modulation network provides an effective way to navigate the R-D operational curve. Our experiments show that the proposed method can achieve almost the same R-D performance of independent models with significantly fewer parameters. |
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LAMP; ADAS; 600.141; 600.120; 600.118 |
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Admin @ si @ YHW2020 |
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3346 |
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Author |
Gabriel Villalonga; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Co-Training for On-Board Deep Object Detection |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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IEEE Access |
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ACCESS |
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194441 - 194456 |
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Providing ground truth supervision to train visual models has been a bottleneck over the years, exacerbated by domain shifts which degenerate the performance of such models. This was the case when visual tasks relied on handcrafted features and shallow machine learning and, despite its unprecedented performance gains, the problem remains open within the deep learning paradigm due to its data-hungry nature. Best performing deep vision-based object detectors are trained in a supervised manner by relying on human-labeled bounding boxes which localize class instances (i.e. objects) within the training images. Thus, object detection is one of such tasks for which human labeling is a major bottleneck. In this article, we assess co-training as a semi-supervised learning method for self-labeling objects in unlabeled images, so reducing the human-labeling effort for developing deep object detectors. Our study pays special attention to a scenario involving domain shift; in particular, when we have automatically generated virtual-world images with object bounding boxes and we have real-world images which are unlabeled. Moreover, we are particularly interested in using co-training for deep object detection in the context of driver assistance systems and/or self-driving vehicles. Thus, using well-established datasets and protocols for object detection in these application contexts, we will show how co-training is a paradigm worth to pursue for alleviating object labeling, working both alone and together with task-agnostic domain adaptation. |
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ADAS; 600.118 |
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Admin @ si @ ViL2020 |
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3488 |
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Yi Xiao; Felipe Codevilla; Akhil Gurram; Onay Urfalioglu; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Multimodal end-to-end autonomous driving |
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2020 |
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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems |
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TITS |
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1-11 |
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A crucial component of an autonomous vehicle (AV) is the artificial intelligence (AI) is able to drive towards a desired destination. Today, there are different paradigms addressing the development of AI drivers. On the one hand, we find modular pipelines, which divide the driving task into sub-tasks such as perception and maneuver planning and control. On the other hand, we find end-to-end driving approaches that try to learn a direct mapping from input raw sensor data to vehicle control signals. The later are relatively less studied, but are gaining popularity since they are less demanding in terms of sensor data annotation. This paper focuses on end-to-end autonomous driving. So far, most proposals relying on this paradigm assume RGB images as input sensor data. However, AVs will not be equipped only with cameras, but also with active sensors providing accurate depth information (e.g., LiDARs). Accordingly, this paper analyses whether combining RGB and depth modalities, i.e. using RGBD data, produces better end-to-end AI drivers than relying on a single modality. We consider multimodality based on early, mid and late fusion schemes, both in multisensory and single-sensor (monocular depth estimation) settings. Using the CARLA simulator and conditional imitation learning (CIL), we show how, indeed, early fusion multimodality outperforms single-modality. |
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ADAS |
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Admin @ si @ XCG2020 |
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3490 |
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Sudeep Katakol; Basem Elbarashy; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Distributed Learning and Inference with Compressed Images |
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2021 |
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IEEE Transactions on Image Processing |
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TIP |
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30 |
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3069 - 3083 |
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Modern computer vision requires processing large amounts of data, both while training the model and/or during inference, once the model is deployed. Scenarios where images are captured and processed in physically separated locations are increasingly common (e.g. autonomous vehicles, cloud computing). In addition, many devices suffer from limited resources to store or transmit data (e.g. storage space, channel capacity). In these scenarios, lossy image compression plays a crucial role to effectively increase the number of images collected under such constraints. However, lossy compression entails some undesired degradation of the data that may harm the performance of the downstream analysis task at hand, since important semantic information may be lost in the process. Moreover, we may only have compressed images at training time but are able to use original images at inference time, or vice versa, and in such a case, the downstream model suffers from covariate shift. In this paper, we analyze this phenomenon, with a special focus on vision-based perception for autonomous driving as a paradigmatic scenario. We see that loss of semantic information and covariate shift do indeed exist, resulting in a drop in performance that depends on the compression rate. In order to address the problem, we propose dataset restoration, based on image restoration with generative adversarial networks (GANs). Our method is agnostic to both the particular image compression method and the downstream task; and has the advantage of not adding additional cost to the deployed models, which is particularly important in resource-limited devices. The presented experiments focus on semantic segmentation as a challenging use case, cover a broad range of compression rates and diverse datasets, and show how our method is able to significantly alleviate the negative effects of compression on the downstream visual task. |
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LAMP; ADAS; 600.120; 600.118 |
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Admin @ si @ KEH2021 |
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3543 |
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Carme Julia; Angel Sappa; Felipe Lumbreras; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Predicting Missing Ratings in Recommender Systems: Adapted Factorization Approach |
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2009 |
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International Journal of Electronic Commerce |
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14 |
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89-108 |
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The paper presents a factorization-based approach to make predictions in recommender systems. These systems are widely used in electronic commerce to help customers find products according to their preferences. Taking into account the customer's ratings of some products available in the system, the recommender system tries to predict the ratings the customer would give to other products in the system. The proposed factorization-based approach uses all the information provided to compute the predicted ratings, in the same way as approaches based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The main advantage of this technique versus SVD-based approaches is that it can deal with missing data. It also has a smaller computational cost. Experimental results with public data sets are provided to show that the proposed adapted factorization approach gives better predicted ratings than a widely used SVD-based approach. |
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1086-4415 |
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ADAS @ adas @ JSL2009b |
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1237 |
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Carme Julia; Angel Sappa; Felipe Lumbreras; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
An Iterative Multiresolution Scheme for SFM with Missing Data: single and multiple object scenes |
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2010 |
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Image and Vision Computing |
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IMAVIS |
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28 |
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164-176 |
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Most of the techniques proposed for tackling the Structure from Motion problem (SFM) cannot deal with high percentages of missing data in the matrix of trajectories. Furthermore, an additional problem should be faced up when working with multiple object scenes: the rank of the matrix of trajectories should be estimated. This paper presents an iterative multiresolution scheme for SFM with missing data to be used in both the single and multiple object cases. The proposed scheme aims at recovering missing entries in the original input matrix. The objective is to improve the results by applying a factorization technique to the partially or totally filled in matrix instead of to the original input one. Experimental results obtained with synthetic and real data sequences, containing single and multiple objects, are presented to show the viability of the proposed approach. |
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0262-8856 |
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ADAS |
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ADAS @ adas @ JSL2010 |
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1278 |
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