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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](http://refbase.cvc.uab.es/img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Geometric and Structural-based Symbol Spotting. Application to Focused Retrieval in Graphic Document Collections |
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2009 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Usually, pattern recognition systems consist of two main parts. On the one hand, the data acquisition and, on the other hand, the classification of this data on a certain category. In order to recognize which category a certain query element belongs to, a set of pattern models must be provided beforehand. An off-line learning stage is needed to train the classifier and to offer a robust classification of the patterns. Within the pattern recognition field, we are interested in the recognition of graphics and, in particular, on the analysis of documents rich in graphical information. In this context, one of the main concerns is to see if the proposed systems remain scalable with respect to the data volume so as it can handle growing amounts of symbol models. In order to avoid to work with a database of reference symbols, symbol spotting and on-the-fly symbol recognition methods have been introduced in the past years.
Generally speaking, the symbol spotting problem can be defined as the identification of a set of regions of interest from a document image which are likely to contain an instance of a certain queriedn symbol without explicitly applying the whole pattern recognition scheme. Our application framework consists on indexing a collection of graphic-rich document images. This collection is
queried by example with a single instance of the symbol to look for and, by means of symbol spotting methods we retrieve the regions of interest where the symbol is likely to appear within the documents. This kind of applications are known as focused retrieval methods.
In order that the focused retrieval application can handle large collections of documents there is a need to provide an efficient access to the large volume of information that might be stored. We use indexing strategies in order to efficiently retrieve by similarity the locations where a certain part of the symbol appears. In that scenario, graphical patterns should be used as indices for accessing and navigating the collection of documents.
These indexing mechanism allow the user to search for similar elements using graphical information rather than textual queries.
Along this thesis we present a spotting architecture and different methods aiming to build a complete focused retrieval application dealing with a graphic-rich document collections. In addition, a protocol to evaluate the performance of symbol
spotting systems in terms of recognition abilities, location accuracy and scalability is proposed. |
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Barcelona (Spain) |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Josep Llados |
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DAG @ dag @ Rus2009 |
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1264 |
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Author |
Agnes Borras |
![download PDF file pdf](http://refbase.cvc.uab.es/img/file_PDF.gif)
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Title |
Contributions to the Content-Based Image Retrieval Using Pictorial Queries |
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2009 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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The broad access to digital cameras, personal computers and Internet, has lead to the generation of large volumes of data in digital form. If we want an effective usage of this huge amount of data, we need automatic tools to allow the retrieval of relevant information. Image data is a particular type of information that requires specific techniques of description and indexing. The computer vision field that studies these kind of techniques is called Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). Instead of using text-based descriptions, a system of CBIR deals on properties that are inherent in the images themselves. Hence, the feature-based description provides a universal via of image expression in contrast with the more than 6000 languages spoken in the world.
Nowadays, the CBIR is a dynamic focus of research that has derived in important applications for many professional groups. The potential fields of application can be such diverse as: the medical domain, the crime prevention, the protection of the intel- lectual property, the journalism, the graphic design, the web search, the preservation of cultural heritage, etc.
The definition on the role of the user is a key point in the development of a CBIR application. The user is in charge to formulate the queries from which the images are retrieved. We have centered our attention on the image retrieval techniques that use queries based on pictorial information. We have identified a taxonomy composed by four main query paradigms: query-by-selection, query-by-iconic-composition, query- by-sketch and query-by-paint. Each one of these paradigms allows a different degree of user expressivity. From a simple image selection, to a complete painting of the query, the user takes control of the input in the CBIR system.
Along the chapters of this thesis we have analyzed the influence that each query paradigm imposes in the internal operations of a CBIR system. Moreover, we have proposed a set of contributions that we have exemplified in the context of a final application. |
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Barcelona (Spain) |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
Place of Publication |
Bellaterra |
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Josep Llados |
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DAG; |
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DAG @ dag @ Bor2009; IAM @ iam @ Bor2009 |
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1269 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; Josep Llados |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](http://refbase.cvc.uab.es/img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
Symbol Spotting in Digital Libraries:Focused Retrieval over Graphic-rich Document Collections |
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2010 |
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Symbol Spotting in Digital Libraries:Focused Retrieval over Graphic-rich Document Collections |
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Focused Retrieval , Graphical Pattern Indexation,Graphics Recognition ,Pattern Recognition , Performance Evaluation , Symbol Description ,Symbol Spotting |
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The specific problem of symbol recognition in graphical documents requires additional techniques to those developed for character recognition. The most well-known obstacle is the so-called Sayre paradox: Correct recognition requires good segmentation, yet improvement in segmentation is achieved using information provided by the recognition process. This dilemma can be avoided by techniques that identify sets of regions containing useful information. Such symbol-spotting methods allow the detection of symbols in maps or technical drawings without having to fully segment or fully recognize the entire content.
This unique text/reference provides a complete, integrated and large-scale solution to the challenge of designing a robust symbol-spotting method for collections of graphic-rich documents. The book examines a number of features and descriptors, from basic photometric descriptors commonly used in computer vision techniques to those specific to graphical shapes, presenting a methodology which can be used in a wide variety of applications. Additionally, readers are supplied with an insight into the problem of performance evaluation of spotting methods. Some very basic knowledge of pattern recognition, document image analysis and graphics recognition is assumed. |
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Springer |
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978-1-84996-208-7 |
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DAG @ dag @ RuL2010a |
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1292 |
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Author |
Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman; Thierry Brouard; Jean-Yves Ramel; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Vers une approche foue of encapsulation de graphes: application a la reconnaissance de symboles |
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Conference Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Colloque International Francophone sur l'Écrit et le Document |
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169-184 |
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Fuzzy interval; Graph embedding; Bayesian network; Symbol recognition |
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We present a new methodology for symbol recognition, by employing a structural approach for representing visual associations in symbols and a statistical classifier for recognition. A graphic symbol is vectorized, its topological and geometrical details are encoded by an attributed relational graph and a signature is computed for it. Data adapted fuzzy intervals have been introduced for addressing the sensitivity of structural representations to noise. The joint probability distribution of signatures is encoded by a Bayesian network, which serves as a mechanism for pruning irrelevant features and choosing a subset of interesting features from structural signatures of underlying symbol set, and is deployed in a supervised learning scenario for recognizing query symbols. Experimental results on pre-segmented 2D linear architectural and electronic symbols from GREC databases are presented. |
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Sousse, Tunisia |
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CIFED |
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DAG @ dag @ LBR2010a |
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1293 |
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Author |
Joan Mas |
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Title |
A Syntactic Pattern Recognition Approach based on a Distribution Tolerant Adjacency Grammar and a Spatial Indexed Parser. Application to Sketched Document Recognition |
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2010 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Sketch recognition is a discipline which has gained an increasing interest in the last
20 years. This is due to the appearance of new devices such as PDA, Tablet PC’s
or digital pen & paper protocols. From the wide range of sketched documents we
focus on those that represent structured documents such as: architectural floor-plans,
engineering drawing, UML diagrams, etc. To recognize and understand these kinds
of documents, first we have to recognize the different compounding symbols and then
we have to identify the relations between these elements. From the way that a sketch
is captured, there are two categories: on-line and off-line. On-line input modes refer
to draw directly on a PDA or a Tablet PC’s while off-line input modes refer to scan
a previously drawn sketch.
This thesis is an overlapping of three different areas on Computer Science: Pattern
Recognition, Document Analysis and Human-Computer Interaction. The aim of this
thesis is to interpret sketched documents independently on whether they are captured
on-line or off-line. For this reason, the proposed approach should contain the following
features. First, as we are working with sketches the elements present in our input
contain distortions. Second, as we would work in on-line or off-line input modes, the
order in the input of the primitives is indifferent. Finally, the proposed method should
be applied in real scenarios, its response time must be slow.
To interpret a sketched document we propose a syntactic approach. A syntactic
approach is composed of two correlated components: a grammar and a parser. The
grammar allows describing the different elements on the document as well as their
relations. The parser, given a document checks whether it belongs to the language
generated by the grammar or not. Thus, the grammar should be able to cope with
the distortions appearing on the instances of the elements. Moreover, it would be
necessary to define a symbol independently of the order of their primitives. Concerning to the parser when analyzing 2D sentences, it does not assume an order in the
primitives. Then, at each new primitive in the input, the parser searches among the
previous analyzed symbols candidates to produce a valid reduction.
Taking into account these features, we have proposed a grammar based on Adjacency Grammars. This kind of grammars defines their productions as a multiset
of symbols rather than a list. This allows describing a symbol without an order in
their components. To cope with distortion we have proposed a distortion model.
This distortion model is an attributed estimated over the constraints of the grammar and passed through the productions. This measure gives an idea on how far is the
symbol from its ideal model. In addition to the distortion on the constraints other
distortions appear when working with sketches. These distortions are: overtracing,
overlapping, gaps or spurious strokes. Some grammatical productions have been defined to cope with these errors. Concerning the recognition, we have proposed an
incremental parser with an indexation mechanism. Incremental parsers analyze the
input symbol by symbol given a response to the user when a primitive is analyzed.
This makes incremental parser suitable to work in on-line as well as off-line input
modes. The parser has been adapted with an indexation mechanism based on a spatial division. This indexation mechanism allows setting the primitives in the space
and reducing the search to a neighbourhood.
A third contribution is a grammatical inference algorithm. This method given a
set of symbols captures the production describing it. In the field of formal languages,
different approaches has been proposed but in the graphical domain not so much work
is done in this field. The proposed method is able to capture the production from
a set of symbol although they are drawn in different order. A matching step based
on the Haussdorff distance and the Hungarian method has been proposed to match
the primitives of the different symbols. In addition the proposed approach is able to
capture the variability in the parameters of the constraints.
From the experimental results, we may conclude that we have proposed a robust
approach to describe and recognize sketches. Moreover, the addition of new symbols
to the alphabet is not restricted to an expert. Finally, the proposed approach has
been used in two real scenarios obtaining a good performance. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Editor |
Gemma Sanchez;Josep Llados |
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978-84-937261-4-0 |
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DAG @ dag @ Mas2010 |
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1334 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Anjan Dutta |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](http://refbase.cvc.uab.es/img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Symbol Spotting in Graphical Documents by Serialized Subgraph Matching |
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Report |
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2010 |
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CVC Technical Report |
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159 |
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Master's thesis |
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Admin @ si @ Dut2010 |
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1351 |
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Author |
David Fernandez |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](http://refbase.cvc.uab.es/img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Handwritten Word Spotting in Old Manuscript Images using Shape Descriptors |
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2010 |
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CVC Technical Report |
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161 |
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Admin @ si @ Fer2010b |
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1353 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; Josep Llados |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](http://refbase.cvc.uab.es/img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Efficient Logo Retrieval Through Hashing Shape Context Descriptors |
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Conference Article |
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2010 |
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9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems |
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215–222 |
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In this paper, we present an approach towards the retrieval of words from graphical document images. In graphical documents, due to presence of multi-oriented characters in non-structured layout, word indexing is a challenging task. The proposed approach uses recognition results of individual components to form character pairs with the neighboring components. An indexing scheme is designed to store the spatial description of components and to access them efficiently. Given a query text word (ascii/unicode format), the character pairs present in it are searched in the document. Next the retrieved character pairs are linked sequentially to form character string. Dynamic programming is applied to find different instances of query words. A string edit distance is used here to match the query word as the objective function. Recognition of multi-scale and multi-oriented character component is done using Support Vector Machine classifier. To consider multi-oriented character strings the features used in the SVM are invariant to character orientation. Experimental results show that the method is efficient to locate a query word from multi-oriented text in graphical documents. |
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Boston; USA |
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DAG @ dag @ RuL2010b |
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1434 |
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Author |
Herve Locteau; Sebastien Mace; Ernest Valveny; Salvatore Tabbone |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](http://refbase.cvc.uab.es/img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Extraction des pieces de un plan de habitation |
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Conference Article |
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2010 |
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Colloque Internacional Francophone de l´Ecrit et le Document |
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1–12 |
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In this article, a method to extract the rooms of an architectural floor plan image is described. We first present a line detection algorithm to extract long lines in the image. Those lines are analyzed to identify the existing walls. From this point, room extraction can be seen as a classical segmentation task for which each region corresponds to a room. The chosen resolution strategy consists in recursively decomposing the image until getting nearly convex regions. The notion of convexity is difficult to quantify, and the selection of separation lines can also be rough. Thus, we take advantage of knowledge associated to architectural floor plans in order to obtain mainly rectangular rooms. Preliminary tests on a set of real documents show promising results. |
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Sousse, Tunisia |
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DAG @ dag @ LMV2010 |
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1440 |
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Joan Mas; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](http://refbase.cvc.uab.es/img/xref.gif)
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Title |
SSP: Sketching slide Presentations, a Syntactic Approach |
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Conference Article |
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2009 |
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8th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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The design of a slide presentation is a creative process. In this process first, humans visualize in their minds what they want to explain. Then, they have to be able to represent this knowledge in an understandable way. There exists a lot of commercial software that allows to create our own slide presentations but the creativity of the user is rather limited. In this article we present an application that allows the user to create and visualize a slide presentation from a sketch. A slide may be seen as a graphical document or a diagram where its elements are placed in a particular spatial arrangement. To describe and recognize slides a syntactic approach is proposed. This approach is based on an Adjacency Grammar and a parsing methodology to cope with this kind of grammars. The experimental evaluation shows the performance of our methodology from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. Six different slides containing different number of symbols, from 4 to 7, have been given to the users and they have drawn them without restrictions in the order of the elements. The quantitative results give an idea on how suitable is our methodology to describe and recognize the different elements in a slide. |
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La Rochelle; France; July 2009 |
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GREC |
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DAG @ dag @ MSL2009a |
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1441 |
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