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Katerine Diaz; Jesus Martinez del Rincon; Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Marçal Rusiñol; Francesc J. Ferri |
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Fast Kernel Generalized Discriminative Common Vectors for Feature Extraction |
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2018 |
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Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision |
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JMIV |
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60 |
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4 |
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512-524 |
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This paper presents a supervised subspace learning method called Kernel Generalized Discriminative Common Vectors (KGDCV), as a novel extension of the known Discriminative Common Vectors method with Kernels. Our method combines the advantages of kernel methods to model complex data and solve nonlinear
problems with moderate computational complexity, with the better generalization properties of generalized approaches for large dimensional data. These attractive combination makes KGDCV specially suited for feature extraction and classification in computer vision, image processing and pattern recognition applications. Two different approaches to this generalization are proposed, a first one based on the kernel trick (KT) and a second one based on the nonlinear projection trick (NPT) for even higher efficiency. Both methodologies
have been validated on four different image datasets containing faces, objects and handwritten digits, and compared against well known non-linear state-of-art methods. Results show better discriminant properties than other generalized approaches both linear or kernel. In addition, the KGDCV-NPT approach presents a considerable computational gain, without compromising the accuracy of the model. |
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DAG; ADAS; 600.086; 600.130; 600.121; 600.118; 600.129 |
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Admin @ si @ DMH2018a |
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3062 |
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Author |
Helena Muñoz; Fernando Vilariño; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Title |
Eye-Movements During Information Extraction from Administrative Documents |
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2019 |
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International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition Workshops |
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6-9 |
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A key aspect of digital mailroom processes is the extraction of relevant information from administrative documents. More often than not, the extraction process cannot be fully automated, and there is instead an important amount of manual intervention. In this work we study the human process of information extraction from invoice document images. We explore whether the gaze of human annotators during an manual information extraction process could be exploited towards reducing the manual effort and automating the process. To this end, we perform an eye-tracking experiment replicating real-life interfaces for information extraction. Through this pilot study we demonstrate that relevant areas in the document can be identified reliably through automatic fixation classification, and the obtained models generalize well to new subjects. Our findings indicate that it is in principle possible to integrate the human in the document image analysis loop, making use of the scanpath to automate the extraction process or verify extracted information. |
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Sydney; Australia; September 2019 |
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ICDARW |
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DAG; 600.140; 600.121; 600.129;SIAI |
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Admin @ si @ MVK2019 |
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3336 |
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Author |
Herve Locteau; Sebastien Mace; Ernest Valveny; Salvatore Tabbone |
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Title |
Extraction des pieces de un plan de habitation |
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2010 |
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Colloque Internacional Francophone de l´Ecrit et le Document |
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1–12 |
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In this article, a method to extract the rooms of an architectural floor plan image is described. We first present a line detection algorithm to extract long lines in the image. Those lines are analyzed to identify the existing walls. From this point, room extraction can be seen as a classical segmentation task for which each region corresponds to a room. The chosen resolution strategy consists in recursively decomposing the image until getting nearly convex regions. The notion of convexity is difficult to quantify, and the selection of separation lines can also be rough. Thus, we take advantage of knowledge associated to architectural floor plans in order to obtain mainly rectangular rooms. Preliminary tests on a set of real documents show promising results. |
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Sousse, Tunisia |
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CIFED |
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DAG |
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DAG @ dag @ LMV2010 |
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1440 |
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Author |
Ruben Perez Tito |
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Title |
Exploring the role of Text in Visual Question Answering on Natural Scenes and Documents |
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Year |
2023 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Visual Question Answering (VQA) is the task where given an image and a natural language question, the objective is to generate a natural language answer. At the intersection between computer vision and natural language processing, this task can be seen as a measure of image understanding capabilities, as it requires to reason about objects, actions, colors, positions, the relations between the different elements as well as commonsense reasoning, world knowledge, arithmetic skills and natural language understanding. However, even though the text present in the images conveys important semantically rich information that is explicit and not available in any other form, most VQA methods remained illiterate, largely
ignoring the text despite its potential significance. In this thesis, we set out on a journey to bring reading capabilities to computer vision models applied to the VQA task, creating new datasets and methods that can read, reason and integrate the text with other visual cues in natural scene images and documents.
In Chapter 3, we address the combination of scene text with visual information to fully understand all the nuances of natural scene images. To achieve this objective, we define a new sub-task of VQA that requires reading the text in the image, and highlight the limitations of the current methods. In addition, we propose a new architecture that integrates both modalities and jointly reasons about textual and visual features. In Chapter 5, we shift the domain of VQA with reading capabilities and apply it on scanned industry document images, providing a high-level end-purpose perspective to Document Understanding, which has been
primarily focused on digitizing the document’s contents and extracting key values without considering the ultimate purpose of the extracted information. For this, we create a dataset which requires methods to reason about the unique and challenging elements of documents, such as text, images, tables, graphs and complex layouts, to provide accurate answers in natural language. However, we observed that explicit visual features provide a slight contribution in the overall performance, since the main information is usually conveyed within the text and its position. In consequence, in Chapter 6, we propose VQA on infographic images, seeking for document images with more visually rich elements that require to fully exploit visual information in order to answer the questions. We show the performance gap of
different methods when used over industry scanned and infographic images, and propose a new method that integrates the visual features in early stages, which allows the transformer architecture to exploit the visual features during the self-attention operation. Instead, in Chapter 7, we apply VQA on a big collection of single-page documents, where the methods must find which documents are relevant to answer the question, and provide the answer itself. Finally, in Chapter 8, mimicking real-world application problems where systems must process documents with multiple pages, we address the multipage document visual question answering task. We demonstrate the limitations of existing methods, including models specifically designed to process long sequences. To overcome these limitations, we propose
a hierarchical architecture that can process long documents, answer questions, and provide the index of the page where the information to answer the question is located as an explainability measure. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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IMPRIMA |
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Editor |
Ernest Valveny |
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978-84-124793-5-5 |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ Per2023 |
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3967 |
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Author |
Francesco Brughi; Debora Gil; Llorenç Badiella; Eva Jove Casabella; Oriol Ramos Terrades |
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Title |
Exploring the impact of inter-query variability on the performance of retrieval systems |
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Conference Article |
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2014 |
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11th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition |
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8814 |
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413–420 |
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This paper introduces a framework for evaluating the performance of information retrieval systems. Current evaluation metrics provide an average score that does not consider performance variability across the query set. In this manner, conclusions lack of any statistical significance, yielding poor inference to cases outside the query set and possibly unfair comparisons. We propose to apply statistical methods in order to obtain a more informative measure for problems in which different query classes can be identified. In this context, we assess the performance variability on two levels: overall variability across the whole query set and specific query class-related variability. To this end, we estimate confidence bands for precision-recall curves, and we apply ANOVA in order to assess the significance of the performance across different query classes. |
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Algarve; Portugal; October 2014 |
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Springer International Publishing |
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LNCS |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-319-11757-7 |
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ICIAR |
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IAM; DAG; 600.060; 600.061; 600.077; 600.075 |
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Admin @ si @ BGB2014 |
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2559 |
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Author |
Raul Gomez; Jaume Gibert; Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Title |
Exploring Hate Speech Detection in Multimodal Publications |
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Conference Article |
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2020 |
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IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision |
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In this work we target the problem of hate speech detection in multimodal publications formed by a text and an image. We gather and annotate a large scale dataset from Twitter, MMHS150K, and propose different models that jointly analyze textual and visual information for hate speech detection, comparing them with unimodal detection. We provide quantitative and qualitative results and analyze the challenges of the proposed task. We find that, even though images are useful for the hate speech detection task, current multimodal models cannot outperform models analyzing only text. We discuss why and open the field and the dataset for further research. |
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Aspen; March 2020 |
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WACV |
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DAG; 600.121; 600.129 |
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Admin @ si @ GGG2020a |
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3280 |
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Author |
Raul Gomez |
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Title |
Exploiting the Interplay between Visual and Textual Data for Scene Interpretation |
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2020 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Machine learning experimentation under controlled scenarios and standard datasets is necessary to compare algorithms performance by evaluating all of them in the same setup. However, experimentation on how those algorithms perform on unconstrained data and applied tasks to solve real world problems is also a must to ascertain how that research can contribute to our society.
In this dissertation we experiment with the latest computer vision and natural language processing algorithms applying them to multimodal scene interpretation. Particularly, we research on how image and text understanding can be jointly exploited to address real world problems, focusing on learning from Social Media data.
We address several tasks that involve image and textual information, discuss their characteristics and offer our experimentation conclusions. First, we work on detection of scene text in images. Then, we work with Social Media posts, exploiting the captions associated to images as supervision to learn visual features, which we apply to multimodal semantic image retrieval. Subsequently, we work with geolocated Social Media images with associated tags, experimenting on how to use the tags as supervision, on location sensitive image retrieval and on exploiting location information for image tagging. Finally, we work on a specific classification problem of Social Media publications consisting on an image and a text: Multimodal hate speech classification. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Dimosthenis Karatzas;Lluis Gomez;Jaume Gibert |
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978-84-121011-7-1 |
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DAG; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ Gom20 |
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3479 |
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Author |
Lluis Gomez |
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Title |
Exploiting Similarity Hierarchies for Multi-script Scene Text Understanding |
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2016 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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This thesis addresses the problem of automatic scene text understanding in unconstrained conditions. In particular, we tackle the tasks of multi-language and arbitrary-oriented text detection, tracking, and script identification in natural scenes.
For this we have developed a set of generic methods that build on top of the basic observation that text has always certain key visual and structural characteristics that are independent of the language or script in which it is written. Text instances in any
language or script are always formed as groups of similar atomic parts, being them either individual characters, small stroke parts, or even whole words in the case of cursive text. This holistic (sumof-parts) and recursive perspective has lead us to explore different variants of the “segmentation and grouping” paradigm of computer vision.
Scene text detection methodologies are usually based in classification of individual regions or patches, using a priory knowledge for a given script or language. Human perception of text, on the other hand, is based on perceptual organization through which
text emerges as a perceptually significant group of atomic objects.
In this thesis, we argue that the text detection problem must be posed as the detection of meaningful groups of regions. We address the problem of text detection in natural scenes from a hierarchical perspective, making explicit use of the recursive nature of text, aiming directly to the detection of region groupings corresponding to text within a hierarchy produced by an agglomerative similarity clustering process over individual regions. We propose an optimal way to construct such an hierarchy introducing a feature space designed to produce text group hypothese with high recall and a novel stopping rule combining a discriminative classifier and a probabilistic measure of group meaningfulness based in perceptual organization. Within this generic framework, we design a text-specific object proposals algorithm that, contrary to existing generic object proposals methods, aims directly to the detection of text regions groupings. For this, we abandon the rigid definition of “what is text” of traditional specialized text detectors, and move towards more fuzzy perspective of grouping-based object proposals methods.
Then, we present a hybrid algorithm for detection and tracking of scene text where the notion of region groupings plays also a central role. By leveraging the structural arrangement of text group components between consecutive frames we can improve
the overall tracking performance of the system.
Finally, since our generic detection framework is inherently designed for multi-language environments, we focus on the problem of script identification in order to build a multi-language end-toend reading system. Facing this problem with state of the art CNN classifiers is not straightforward, as they fail to address a key
characteristic of scene text instances: their extremely variable aspect ratio. Instead of resizing input images to a fixed size as in the typical use of holistic CNN classifiers, we propose a patch-based classification framework in order to preserve discriminative parts of the image that are characteristic of its class. We describe a novel method based on the use of ensembles of conjoined networks to jointly learn discriminative stroke-parts representations and their relative importance in a patch-based classification scheme. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Admin @ si @ Gom2016 |
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2891 |
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Author |
Miquel Ferrer; Ernest Valveny; F. Serratosa; Horst Bunke |
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Exact Median Graph Computation via Graph Embedding |
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2008 |
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12th International Workshop on Structural and Syntactic Pattern Recognition |
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5324 |
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15–24 |
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Orlando – Florida (USA) |
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SSPR |
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DAG @ dag @ FVS2008b |
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1076 |
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Sounak Dey; Anguelos Nicolaou; Josep Llados; Umapada Pal |
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Evaluation of the Effect of Improper Segmentation on Word Spotting |
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2019 |
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International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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IJDAR |
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22 |
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361-374 |
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Word spotting is an important recognition task in large-scale retrieval of document collections. In most of the cases, methods are developed and evaluated assuming perfect word segmentation. In this paper, we propose an experimental framework to quantify the goodness that word segmentation has on the performance achieved by word spotting methods in identical unbiased conditions. The framework consists of generating systematic distortions on segmentation and retrieving the original queries from the distorted dataset. We have tested our framework on several established and state-of-the-art methods using George Washington and Barcelona Marriage Datasets. The experiments done allow for an estimate of the end-to-end performance of word spotting methods. |
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DAG; 600.097; 600.084; 600.121; 600.140; 600.129 |
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Admin @ si @ DNL2019 |
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3455 |
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