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Pau Torras; Arnau Baro; Lei Kang; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
On the Integration of Language Models into Sequence to Sequence Architectures for Handwritten Music Recognition |
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Conference Article |
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2021 |
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International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference |
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690-696 |
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Despite the latest advances in Deep Learning, the recognition of handwritten music scores is still a challenging endeavour. Even though the recent Sequence to Sequence(Seq2Seq) architectures have demonstrated its capacity to reliably recognise handwritten text, their performance is still far from satisfactory when applied to historical handwritten scores. Indeed, the ambiguous nature of handwriting, the non-standard musical notation employed by composers of the time and the decaying state of old paper make these scores remarkably difficult to read, sometimes even by trained humans. Thus, in this work we explore the incorporation of language models into a Seq2Seq-based architecture to try to improve transcriptions where the aforementioned unclear writing produces statistically unsound mistakes, which as far as we know, has never been attempted for this field of research on this architecture. After studying various Language Model integration techniques, the experimental evaluation on historical handwritten music scores shows a significant improvement over the state of the art, showing that this is a promising research direction for dealing with such difficult manuscripts. |
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Virtual; November 2021 |
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ISMIR |
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DAG; 600.140; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ TBK2021 |
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3616 |
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Marc Sunset Perez; Marc Comino Trinidad; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Antonio Chica Calaf; Pere Pau Vazquez Alcocer |
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Development of general‐purpose projection‐based augmented reality systems |
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2016 |
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IADIs international journal on computer science and information systems |
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IADIs |
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11 |
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2 |
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1-18 |
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Despite the large amount of methods and applications of augmented reality, there is little homogenizatio n on the software platforms that support them. An exception may be the low level control software that is provided by some high profile vendors such as Qualcomm and Metaio. However, these provide fine grain modules for e.g. element tracking. We are more co ncerned on the application framework, that includes the control of the devices working together for the development of the AR experience. In this paper we describe the development of a software framework for AR setups. We concentrate on the modular design of the framework, but also on some hard problems such as the calibration stage, crucial for projection – based AR. The developed framework is suitable and has been tested in AR applications using camera – projector pairs, for both fixed and nomadic setups |
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DAG; 600.084 |
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Admin @ si @ SCK2016 |
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2890 |
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Author |
Albert Gordo |
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Title |
Document Image Representation, Classification and Retrieval in Large-Scale Domains |
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2013 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Despite the “paperless office” ideal that started in the decade of the seventies, businesses still strive against an increasing amount of paper documentation. Companies still receive huge amounts of paper documentation that need to be analyzed and processed, mostly in a manual way. A solution for this task consists in, first, automatically scanning the incoming documents. Then, document images can be analyzed and information can be extracted from the data. Documents can also be automatically dispatched to the appropriate workflows, used to retrieve similar documents in the dataset to transfer information, etc.
Due to the nature of this “digital mailroom”, we need document representation methods to be general, i.e., able to cope with very different types of documents. We need the methods to be sound, i.e., able to cope with unexpected types of documents, noise, etc. And, we need to methods to be scalable, i.e., able to cope with thousands or millions of documents that need to be processed, stored, and consulted. Unfortunately, current techniques of document representation, classification and retrieval are not apt for this digital mailroom framework, since they do not fulfill some or all of these requirements.
Through this thesis we focus on the problem of document representation aimed at classification and retrieval tasks under this digital mailroom framework. We first propose a novel document representation based on runlength histograms, and extend it to cope with more complex documents such as multiple-page documents, or documents that contain more sources of information such as extracted OCR text. Then we focus on the scalability requirements and propose a novel binarization method which we dubbed PCAE, as well as two general asymmetric distances between binary embeddings that can significantly improve the retrieval results at a minimal extra computational cost. Finally, we note the importance of supervised learning when performing large-scale retrieval, and study several approaches that can significantly boost the results at no extra cost at query time. |
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Barcelona |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Ernest Valveny;Florent Perronnin |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ Gor2013 |
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2277 |
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Author |
Sanket Biswas; Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Umapada Pal |
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Title |
DocSynth: A Layout Guided Approach for Controllable Document Image Synthesis |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
16th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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12823 |
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555–568 |
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Despite significant progress on current state-of-the-art image generation models, synthesis of document images containing multiple and complex object layouts is a challenging task. This paper presents a novel approach, called DocSynth, to automatically synthesize document images based on a given layout. In this work, given a spatial layout (bounding boxes with object categories) as a reference by the user, our proposed DocSynth model learns to generate a set of realistic document images consistent with the defined layout. Also, this framework has been adapted to this work as a superior baseline model for creating synthetic document image datasets for augmenting real data during training for document layout analysis tasks. Different sets of learning objectives have been also used to improve the model performance. Quantitatively, we also compare the generated results of our model with real data using standard evaluation metrics. The results highlight that our model can successfully generate realistic and diverse document images with multiple objects. We also present a comprehensive qualitative analysis summary of the different scopes of synthetic image generation tasks. Lastly, to our knowledge this is the first work of its kind. |
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Lausanne; Suissa; September 2021 |
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DAG; 600.121; 600.140; 110.312 |
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Admin @ si @ BRL2021a |
Serial |
3573 |
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Author |
Giuseppe De Gregorio; Sanket Biswas; Mohamed Ali Souibgui; Asma Bensalah; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes; Angelo Marcelli |
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Title |
A Few Shot Multi-representation Approach for N-Gram Spotting in Historical Manuscripts |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition. International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR2022) |
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13639 |
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3-12 |
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N-gram spotting; Few-shot learning; Multimodal understanding; Historical handwritten collections |
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Despite recent advances in automatic text recognition, the performance remains moderate when it comes to historical manuscripts. This is mainly because of the scarcity of available labelled data to train the data-hungry Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) models. The Keyword Spotting System (KWS) provides a valid alternative to HTR due to the reduction in error rate, but it is usually limited to a closed reference vocabulary. In this paper, we propose a few-shot learning paradigm for spotting sequences of a few characters (N-gram) that requires a small amount of labelled training data. We exhibit that recognition of important n-grams could reduce the system’s dependency on vocabulary. In this case, an out-of-vocabulary (OOV) word in an input handwritten line image could be a sequence of n-grams that belong to the lexicon. An extensive experimental evaluation of our proposed multi-representation approach was carried out on a subset of Bentham’s historical manuscript collections to obtain some really promising results in this direction. |
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December 04 – 07, 2022; Hyderabad, India |
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ICFHR |
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DAG; 600.121; 600.162; 602.230; 600.140 |
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Admin @ si @ GBS2022 |
Serial |
3733 |
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Author |
Arnau Baro; Alicia Fornes; Carles Badal |
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Title |
Handwritten Historical Music Recognition by Sequence-to-Sequence with Attention Mechanism |
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Conference Article |
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2020 |
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17th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition |
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Despite decades of research in Optical Music Recognition (OMR), the recognition of old handwritten music scores remains a challenge because of the variabilities in the handwriting styles, paper degradation, lack of standard notation, etc. Therefore, the research in OMR systems adapted to the particularities of old manuscripts is crucial to accelerate the conversion of music scores existing in archives into digital libraries, fostering the dissemination and preservation of our music heritage. In this paper we explore the adaptation of sequence-to-sequence models with attention mechanism (used in translation and handwritten text recognition) and the generation of specific synthetic data for recognizing old music scores. The experimental validation demonstrates that our approach is promising, especially when compared with long short-term memory neural networks. |
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Virtual ICFHR; September 2020 |
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ICFHR |
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DAG; 600.140; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ BFB2020 |
Serial |
3448 |
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Author |
Arnau Baro; Carles Badal; Pau Torras; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
Handwritten Historical Music Recognition through Sequence-to-Sequence with Attention Mechanism |
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Conference Article |
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2022 |
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3rd International Workshop on Reading Music Systems (WoRMS2021) |
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55-59 |
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Keywords |
Optical Music Recognition; Digits; Image Classification |
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Despite decades of research in Optical Music Recognition (OMR), the recognition of old handwritten music scores remains a challenge because of the variabilities in the handwriting styles, paper degradation, lack of standard notation, etc. Therefore, the research in OMR systems adapted to the particularities of old manuscripts is crucial to accelerate the conversion of music scores existing in archives into digital libraries, fostering the dissemination and preservation of our music heritage. In this paper we explore the adaptation of sequence-to-sequence models with attention mechanism (used in translation and handwritten text recognition) and the generation of specific synthetic data for recognizing old music scores. The experimental validation demonstrates that our approach is promising, especially when compared with long short-term memory neural networks. |
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July 23, 2021, Alicante (Spain) |
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WoRMS |
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DAG; 600.121; 600.162; 602.230; 600.140 |
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Admin @ si @ BBT2022 |
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3734 |
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Author |
Anjan Dutta; Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
Hierarchical Stochastic Graphlet Embedding for Graph-based Pattern Recognition |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Neural Computing and Applications |
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NEUCOMA |
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32 |
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11579–11596 |
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Despite being very successful within the pattern recognition and machine learning community, graph-based methods are often unusable because of the lack of mathematical operations defined in graph domain. Graph embedding, which maps graphs to a vectorial space, has been proposed as a way to tackle these difficulties enabling the use of standard machine learning techniques. However, it is well known that graph embedding functions usually suffer from the loss of structural information. In this paper, we consider the hierarchical structure of a graph as a way to mitigate this loss of information. The hierarchical structure is constructed by topologically clustering the graph nodes and considering each cluster as a node in the upper hierarchical level. Once this hierarchical structure is constructed, we consider several configurations to define the mapping into a vector space given a classical graph embedding, in particular, we propose to make use of the stochastic graphlet embedding (SGE). Broadly speaking, SGE produces a distribution of uniformly sampled low-to-high-order graphlets as a way to embed graphs into the vector space. In what follows, the coarse-to-fine structure of a graph hierarchy and the statistics fetched by the SGE complements each other and includes important structural information with varied contexts. Altogether, these two techniques substantially cope with the usual information loss involved in graph embedding techniques, obtaining a more robust graph representation. This fact has been corroborated through a detailed experimental evaluation on various benchmark graph datasets, where we outperform the state-of-the-art methods. |
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DAG; 600.140; 600.121; 600.141 |
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Admin @ si @ DRL2020 |
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3348 |
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Adria Molina; Lluis Gomez; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Josep Llados |
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Title |
A Generic Image Retrieval Method for Date Estimation of Historical Document Collections |
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Conference Article |
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2022 |
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Document Analysis Systems.15th IAPR International Workshop, (DAS2022) |
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13237 |
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583–597 |
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Date estimation; Document retrieval; Image retrieval; Ranking loss; Smooth-nDCG |
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Date estimation of historical document images is a challenging problem, with several contributions in the literature that lack of the ability to generalize from one dataset to others. This paper presents a robust date estimation system based in a retrieval approach that generalizes well in front of heterogeneous collections. We use a ranking loss function named smooth-nDCG to train a Convolutional Neural Network that learns an ordination of documents for each problem. One of the main usages of the presented approach is as a tool for historical contextual retrieval. It means that scholars could perform comparative analysis of historical images from big datasets in terms of the period where they were produced. We provide experimental evaluation on different types of documents from real datasets of manuscript and newspaper images. |
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La Rochelle, France; May 22–25, 2022 |
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DAS |
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DAG; 600.140; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ MGR2022 |
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3694 |
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Josep Llados;Horst Bunke; Enric Marti |
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Using Cyclic String Matching to Find Rotational and Reflectional Symmetries in Shapes |
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1997 |
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Intelligent Robots: Sensing, Modeling and Planning |
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164-179 |
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Dagstuhl Workshop |
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World Scientific Press |
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9810231857 |
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DAG;IAM; |
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IAM @ iam @ LBM1997b |
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