Mirko Arnold, Stephan Ameling, Anarta Ghosh, & Gerard Lacey. (2011). Quality Improvement of Endoscopy Videos. In Proceedings of the 8th IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (Vol. 723).
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Miguel Angel Bautista, Sergio Escalera, Xavier Baro, Oriol Pujol, Jordi Vitria, & Petia Radeva. (2011). On the Design of Low Redundancy Error-Correcting Output Codes. In Ensembles in Machine Learning Applications (Vol. 373, pp. 21–38). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Abstract: The classification of large number of object categories is a challenging trend in the Pattern Recognition field. In the literature, this is often addressed using an ensemble of classifiers . In this scope, the Error-Correcting Output Codes framework has demonstrated to be a powerful tool for combining classifiers. However, most of the state-of-the-art ECOC approaches use a linear or exponential number of classifiers, making the discrimination of a large number of classes unfeasible. In this paper, we explore and propose a compact design of ECOC in terms of the number of classifiers. Evolutionary computation is used for tuning the parameters of the classifiers and looking for the best compact ECOC code configuration. The results over several public UCI data sets and different multi-class Computer Vision problems show that the proposed methodology obtains comparable (even better) results than the state-of-the-art ECOC methodologies with far less number of dichotomizers.
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Sergio Escalera, David M.J. Tax, Oriol Pujol, Petia Radeva, & Robert P.W. Duin. (2011). Multi-Class Classification in Image Analysis Via Error-Correcting Output Codes. In H. Kawasnicka, & L.Jain (Eds.), Innovations in Intelligent Image Analysis (Vol. 339, pp. 7–29). Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Abstract: A common way to model multi-class classification problems is by means of Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC). Given a multi-class problem, the ECOC technique designs a codeword for each class, where each position of the code identifies the membership of the class for a given binary problem.A classification decision is obtained by assigning the label of the class with the closest code. In this paper, we overview the state-of-the-art on ECOC designs and test them in real applications. Results on different multi-class data sets show the benefits of using the ensemble of classifiers when categorizing objects in images.
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Olivier Penacchio. (2011). Mixed Hodge Structures and Equivariant Sheaves on the Projective Plane. MN - Mathematische Nachrichten, 284(4), 526–542.
Abstract: We describe an equivalence of categories between the category of mixed Hodge structures and a category of equivariant vector bundles on a toric model of the complex projective plane which verify some semistability condition. We then apply this correspondence to define an invariant which generalizes the notion of R-split mixed Hodge structure and give calculations for the first group of cohomology of possibly non smooth or non-complete curves of genus 0 and 1. Finally, we describe some extension groups of mixed Hodge structures in terms of equivariant extensions of coherent sheaves. © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Keywords: Mixed Hodge structures, equivariant sheaves, MSC (2010) Primary: 14C30, Secondary: 14F05, 14M25
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Bogdan Raducanu, & Fadi Dornaika. (2011). A Discriminative Non-Linear Manifold Learning Technique for Face Recognition. In Informatics Engineering and Information Science (Vol. 254, pp. 339–353). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Abstract: In this paper we propose a novel non-linear discriminative analysis technique for manifold learning. The proposed approach is a discriminant version of Laplacian Eigenmaps which takes into account the class label information in order to guide the procedure of non-linear dimensionality reduction. By following the large margin concept, the graph Laplacian is split in two components: within-class graph and between-class graph to better characterize the discriminant property of the data.
Our approach has been tested on several challenging face databases and it has been conveniently compared with other linear and non-linear techniques. The experimental results confirm that our method outperforms, in general, the existing ones. Although we have concentrated in this paper on the face recognition problem, the proposed approach could also be applied to other category of objects characterized by large variance in their appearance.
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Maria del Camp Davesa. (2011). Human action categorization in image sequences (Vol. 169). Master's thesis, , .
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Carles Sanchez. (2011). Tracheal ring detection in bronchoscopy (F. J. S. Debora Gil, Ed.) (Vol. 168). Master's thesis, , .
Abstract: Endoscopy is the process in which a camera is introduced inside a human.
Given that endoscopy provides realistic images (in contrast to other modalities) and allows non-invase minimal intervention procedures (which can aid in diagnosis and surgical interventions), its use has spreaded during last decades.
In this project we will focus on bronchoscopic procedures, during which the camera is introduced through the trachea in order to have a diagnostic of the patient. The diagnostic interventions are focused on: degree of stenosis (reduction in tracheal area), prosthesis or early diagnosis of tumors. In the first case, assessment of the luminal area and the calculation of the diameters of the tracheal rings are required. A main limitation is that all the process is done by hand,
which means that the doctor takes all the measurements and decisions just by looking at the screen. As far as we know there is no computational framework for helping the doctors in the diagnosis.
This project will consist of analysing bronchoscopic videos in order to extract useful information for the diagnostic of the degree of stenosis. In particular we will focus on segmentation of the tracheal rings. As a result of this project several strategies (for detecting tracheal rings) had been implemented in order to compare their performance.
Keywords: Bronchoscopy, tracheal ring, segmentation
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Yainuvis Socarras. (2011). Image segmentation for improving pedestrian detection (Vol. 167). Master's thesis, , .
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Alejandro Gonzalez Alzate. (2011). Evaluation of spatiotemporal descriptors for pedestrian detection in video sequences (Vol. 166). Master's thesis, , .
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Joan M. Nuñez. (2011). Computer vision techniques for characterization of finger joints in X-ray image (Dr. Fernando Vilariño and Dra. Debora Gil, Ed.) (Vol. 165). Master's thesis, , .
Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory type of arthritis which mainly affects hands on its first stages. Though it is a chronic disease and there is no cure for it, treatments require an accurate assessment of illness evolution. Such assessment is based on evaluation of hand X-ray images by using one of the several available semi-quantitative methods. This task requires highly trained medical personnel. That is why the automation of the assessment would allow professionals to save time and effort. Two stages are involved in this task. Firstly, the joint detection, afterwards, the joint characterization. Unlike the little existing previous work, this contribution clearly separates those two stages and sets the foundations of a modular assessment system focusing on the characterization stage. A hand joint dataset is created and an accurate data analysis is achieved in order to identify relevant features. Since the sclerosis and the lower bone were decided to be the most important features, different computer vision techniques were used in order to develop a detector system for both of them. Joint space width measures are provided and their correlation with Sharp-Van der Heijde is verified
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, X-ray, Sharp Van der Heijde, joint characterization, sclerosis detection, bone detection, edge, ridge
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Miquel Ferrer, Dimosthenis Karatzas, Ernest Valveny, I. Bardaji, & Horst Bunke. (2011). A Generic Framework for Median Graph Computation based on a Recursive Embedding Approach. CVIU - Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 115(7), 919–928.
Abstract: The median graph has been shown to be a good choice to obtain a represen- tative of a set of graphs. However, its computation is a complex problem. Recently, graph embedding into vector spaces has been proposed to obtain approximations of the median graph. The problem with such an approach is how to go from a point in the vector space back to a graph in the graph space. The main contribution of this paper is the generalization of this previ- ous method, proposing a generic recursive procedure that permits to recover the graph corresponding to a point in the vector space, introducing only the amount of approximation inherent to the use of graph matching algorithms. In order to evaluate the proposed method, we compare it with the set me- dian and with the other state-of-the-art embedding-based methods for the median graph computation. The experiments are carried out using four dif- ferent databases (one semi-artificial and three containing real-world data). Results show that with the proposed approach we can obtain better medi- ans, in terms of the sum of distances to the training graphs, than with the previous existing methods.
Keywords: Median Graph, Graph Embedding, Graph Matching, Structural Pattern Recognition
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Maria Salamo, & Sergio Escalera. (2011). Increasing Retrieval Quality in Conversational Recommenders. TKDE - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 99, 1.
Abstract: IF JCR CCIA 2.286 2009 24/103
JCR Impact Factor 2010: 1.851
A major task of research in conversational recommender systems is personalization. Critiquing is a common and powerful form of feedback, where a user can express her feature preferences by applying a series of directional critiques over the recommendations instead of providing specific preference values. Incremental Critiquing is a conversational recommender system that uses critiquing as a feedback to efficiently personalize products. The expectation is that in each cycle the system retrieves the products that best satisfy the user’s soft product preferences from a minimal information input. In this paper, we present a novel technique that increases retrieval quality based on a combination of compatibility and similarity scores. Under the hypothesis that a user learns Turing the recommendation process, we propose two novel exponential reinforcement learning approaches for compatibility that take into account both the instant at which the user makes a critique and the number of satisfied critiques. Moreover, we consider that the impact of features on the similarity differs according to the preferences manifested by the user. We propose a global weighting approach that uses a common weight for nearest cases in order to focus on groups of relevant products. We show that our methodology significantly improves recommendation efficiency in four data sets of different sizes in terms of session length in comparison with state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, our recommender shows higher robustness against noisy user data when compared to classical approaches
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Arnau Ramisa, Alex Goldhoorn, David Aldavert, Ricardo Toledo, & Ramon Lopez de Mantaras. (2011). Combining Invariant Features and the ALV Homing Method for Autonomous Robot Navigation Based on Panoramas. JIRC - Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 64(3-4), 625–649.
Abstract: Biologically inspired homing methods, such as the Average Landmark Vector, are an interesting solution for local navigation due to its simplicity. However, usually they require a modification of the environment by placing artificial landmarks in order to work reliably. In this paper we combine the Average Landmark Vector with invariant feature points automatically detected in panoramic images to overcome this limitation. The proposed approach has been evaluated first in simulation and, as promising results are found, also in two data sets of panoramas from real world environments.
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Aura Hernandez-Sabate, Debora Gil, Jaume Garcia, & Enric Marti. (2011). Image-based Cardiac Phase Retrieval in Intravascular Ultrasound Sequences. T-UFFC - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 58(1), 60–72.
Abstract: Longitudinal motion during in vivo pullbacks acquisition of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) sequences is a major artifact for 3-D exploring of coronary arteries. Most current techniques are based on the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal to obtain a gated pullback without longitudinal motion by using specific hardware or the ECG signal itself. We present an image-based approach for cardiac phase retrieval from coronary IVUS sequences without an ECG signal. A signal reflecting cardiac motion is computed by exploring the image intensity local mean evolution. The signal is filtered by a band-pass filter centered at the main cardiac frequency. Phase is retrieved by computing signal extrema. The average frame processing time using our setup is 36 ms. Comparison to manually sampled sequences encourages a deeper study comparing them to ECG signals.
Keywords: 3-D exploring; ECG; band-pass filter; cardiac motion; cardiac phase retrieval; coronary arteries; electrocardiogram signal; image intensity local mean evolution; image-based cardiac phase retrieval; in vivo pullbacks acquisition; intravascular ultrasound sequences; longitudinal motion; signal extrema; time 36 ms; band-pass filters; biomedical ultrasonics; cardiovascular system; electrocardiography; image motion analysis; image retrieval; image sequences; medical image processing; ultrasonic imaging
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Jose Seabra, Francesco Ciompi, Oriol Pujol, J. Mauri, Petia Radeva, & Joao Sanchez. (2011). Rayleigh Mixture Model for Plaque Characterization in Intravascular Ultrasound. TBME - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 58(5), 1314–1324.
Abstract: Vulnerable plaques are the major cause of carotid and coronary vascular problems, such as heart attack or stroke. A correct modeling of plaque echomorphology and composition can help the identification of such lesions. The Rayleigh distribution is widely used to describe (nearly) homogeneous areas in ultrasound images. Since plaques may contain tissues with heterogeneous regions, more complex distributions depending on multiple parameters are usually needed, such as Rice, K or Nakagami distributions. In such cases, the problem formulation becomes more complex, and the optimization procedure to estimate the plaque echomorphology is more difficult. Here, we propose to model the tissue echomorphology by means of a mixture of Rayleigh distributions, known as the Rayleigh mixture model (RMM). The problem formulation is still simple, but its ability to describe complex textural patterns is very powerful. In this paper, we present a method for the automatic estimation of the RMM mixture parameters by means of the expectation maximization algorithm, which aims at characterizing tissue echomorphology in ultrasound (US). The performance of the proposed model is evaluated with a database of in vitro intravascular US cases. We show that the mixture coefficients and Rayleigh parameters explicitly derived from the mixture model are able to accurately describe different plaque types and to significantly improve the characterization performance of an already existing methodology.
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