Records |
Author |
David Castells; Vinh Ngo; Juan Borrego-Carazo; Marc Codina; Carles Sanchez; Debora Gil; Jordi Carrabina |
Title |
A Survey of FPGA-Based Vision Systems for Autonomous Cars |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
IEEE Access |
Abbreviated Journal |
ACESS |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
132525-132563 |
Keywords |
Autonomous automobile; Computer vision; field programmable gate arrays; reconfigurable architectures |
Abstract |
On the road to making self-driving cars a reality, academic and industrial researchers are working hard to continue to increase safety while meeting technical and regulatory constraints Understanding the surrounding environment is a fundamental task in self-driving cars. It requires combining complex computer vision algorithms. Although state-of-the-art algorithms achieve good accuracy, their implementations often require powerful computing platforms with high power consumption. In some cases, the processing speed does not meet real-time constraints. FPGA platforms are often used to implement a category of latency-critical algorithms that demand maximum performance and energy efficiency. Since self-driving car computer vision functions fall into this category, one could expect to see a wide adoption of FPGAs in autonomous cars. In this paper, we survey the computer vision FPGA-based works from the literature targeting automotive applications over the last decade. Based on the survey, we identify the strengths and weaknesses of FPGAs in this domain and future research opportunities and challenges. |
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16 December 2022 |
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IEEE |
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IAM; 600.166 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ CNB2022 |
Serial |
3760 |
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Author |
Xavier Soria; Gonzalo Pomboza-Junez; Angel Sappa |
Title |
LDC: Lightweight Dense CNN for Edge Detection |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
IEEE Access |
Abbreviated Journal |
ACCESS |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
68281-68290 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
This paper presents a Lightweight Dense Convolutional (LDC) neural network for edge detection. The proposed model is an adaptation of two state-of-the-art approaches, but it requires less than 4% of parameters in comparison with these approaches. The proposed architecture generates thin edge maps and reaches the highest score (i.e., ODS) when compared with lightweight models (models with less than 1 million parameters), and reaches a similar performance when compare with heavy architectures (models with about 35 million parameters). Both quantitative and qualitative results and comparisons with state-of-the-art models, using different edge detection datasets, are provided. The proposed LDC does not use pre-trained weights and requires straightforward hyper-parameter settings. The source code is released at https://github.com/xavysp/LDC |
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27 June 2022 |
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IEEE |
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MSIAU; MACO; 600.160; 600.167 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ SPS2022 |
Serial |
3751 |
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Author |
Parichehr Behjati Ardakani; Pau Rodriguez; Carles Fernandez; Armin Mehri; Xavier Roca; Seiichi Ozawa; Jordi Gonzalez |
Title |
Frequency-based Enhancement Network for Efficient Super-Resolution |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
IEEE Access |
Abbreviated Journal |
ACCESS |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
57383-57397 |
Keywords |
Deep learning; Frequency-based methods; Lightweight architectures; Single image super-resolution |
Abstract |
Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have provided outstanding performance in single image super-resolution (SISR). Despite their remarkable performance, the lack of high-frequency information in the recovered images remains a core problem. Moreover, as the networks increase in depth and width, deep CNN-based SR methods are faced with the challenge of computational complexity in practice. A promising and under-explored solution is to adapt the amount of compute based on the different frequency bands of the input. To this end, we present a novel Frequency-based Enhancement Block (FEB) which explicitly enhances the information of high frequencies while forwarding low-frequencies to the output. In particular, this block efficiently decomposes features into low- and high-frequency and assigns more computation to high-frequency ones. Thus, it can help the network generate more discriminative representations by explicitly recovering finer details. Our FEB design is simple and generic and can be used as a direct replacement of commonly used SR blocks with no need to change network architectures. We experimentally show that when replacing SR blocks with FEB we consistently improve the reconstruction error, while reducing the number of parameters in the model. Moreover, we propose a lightweight SR model — Frequency-based Enhancement Network (FENet) — based on FEB that matches the performance of larger models. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposal performs favorably against the state-of-the-art SR algorithms in terms of visual quality, memory footprint, and inference time. The code is available at https://github.com/pbehjatii/FENet |
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18 May 2022 |
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IEEE |
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ISE |
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Admin @ si @ BRF2022a |
Serial |
3747 |
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Author |
Miquel Angel Piera; Jose Luis Muñoz; Debora Gil; Gonzalo Martin; Jordi Manzano |
Title |
A Socio-Technical Simulation Model for the Design of the Future Single Pilot Cockpit: An Opportunity to Improve Pilot Performance |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
IEEE Access |
Abbreviated Journal |
ACCESS |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
22330-22343 |
Keywords |
Human factors ; Performance evaluation ; Simulation; Sociotechnical systems ; System performance |
Abstract |
The future deployment of single pilot operations must be supported by new cockpit computer services. Such services require an adaptive context-aware integration of technical functionalities with the concurrent tasks that a pilot must deal with. Advanced artificial intelligence supporting services and improved communication capabilities are the key enabling technologies that will render future cockpits more integrated with the present digitalized air traffic management system. However, an issue in the integration of such technologies is the lack of socio-technical analysis in the design of these teaming mechanisms. A key factor in determining how and when a service support should be provided is the dynamic evolution of pilot workload. This paper investigates how the socio-technical model-based systems engineering approach paves the way for the design of a digital assistant framework by formalizing this workload. The model was validated in an Airbus A-320 cockpit simulator, and the results confirmed the degraded pilot behavioral model and the performance impact according to different contextual flight deck information. This study contributes to practical knowledge for designing human-machine task-sharing systems. |
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Feb 2022 |
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IAM; |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ PMG2022 |
Serial |
3697 |
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Author |
Debora Gil; Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Julien Enconniere; Saryani Asmayawati; Pau Folch; Juan Borrego-Carazo; Miquel Angel Piera |
Title |
E-Pilots: A System to Predict Hard Landing During the Approach Phase of Commercial Flights |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
IEEE Access |
Abbreviated Journal |
ACCESS |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
7489-7503 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
More than half of all commercial aircraft operation accidents could have been prevented by executing a go-around. Making timely decision to execute a go-around manoeuvre can potentially reduce overall aviation industry accident rate. In this paper, we describe a cockpit-deployable machine learning system to support flight crew go-around decision-making based on the prediction of a hard landing event.
This work presents a hybrid approach for hard landing prediction that uses features modelling temporal dependencies of aircraft variables as inputs to a neural network. Based on a large dataset of 58177 commercial flights, the results show that our approach has 85% of average sensitivity with 74% of average specificity at the go-around point. It follows that our approach is a cockpit-deployable recommendation system that outperforms existing approaches. |
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IAM; 600.139; 600.118; 600.145 |
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Admin @ si @ GHE2022 |
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3721 |
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Author |
Ana Garcia Rodriguez; Yael Tudela; Henry Cordova; S. Carballal; I. Ordas; L. Moreira; E. Vaquero; O. Ortiz; L. Rivero; F. Javier Sanchez; Miriam Cuatrecasas; Maria Pellise; Jorge Bernal; Gloria Fernandez Esparrach |
Title |
First in Vivo Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Colorectal Polyps using White Light Endoscopy |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Endoscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
END |
Volume |
54 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Address |
2022/04/14 |
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Georg Thieme Verlag KG |
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ISE |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ GTC2022a |
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3746 |
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Author |
Ana Garcia Rodriguez; Yael Tudela; Henry Cordova; S. Carballal; I. Ordas; L. Moreira; E. Vaquero; O. Ortiz; L. Rivero; F. Javier Sanchez; Miriam Cuatrecasas; Maria Pellise; Jorge Bernal; Gloria Fernandez Esparrach |
Title |
In vivo computer-aided diagnosis of colorectal polyps using white light endoscopy |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Endoscopy International Open |
Abbreviated Journal |
ENDIO |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
E1201-E1207 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Background and study aims Artificial intelligence is currently able to accurately predict the histology of colorectal polyps. However, systems developed to date use complex optical technologies and have not been tested in vivo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new deep learning-based optical diagnosis system, ATENEA, in a real clinical setting using only high-definition white light endoscopy (WLE) and to compare its performance with endoscopists. Methods ATENEA was prospectively tested in real life on consecutive polyps detected in colorectal cancer screening colonoscopies at Hospital Clínic. No images were discarded, and only WLE was used. The in vivo ATENEA's prediction (adenoma vs non-adenoma) was compared with the prediction of four staff endoscopists without specific training in optical diagnosis for the study purposes. Endoscopists were blind to the ATENEA output. Histology was the gold standard. Results Ninety polyps (median size: 5 mm, range: 2-25) from 31 patients were included of which 69 (76.7 %) were adenomas. ATENEA correctly predicted the histology in 63 of 69 (91.3 %, 95 % CI: 82 %-97 %) adenomas and 12 of 21 (57.1 %, 95 % CI: 34 %-78 %) non-adenomas while endoscopists made correct predictions in 52 of 69 (75.4 %, 95 % CI: 60 %-85 %) and 20 of 21 (95.2 %, 95 % CI: 76 %-100 %), respectively. The global accuracy was 83.3 % (95 % CI: 74%-90 %) and 80 % (95 % CI: 70 %-88 %) for ATENEA and endoscopists, respectively. Conclusion ATENEA can accurately be used for in vivo characterization of colorectal polyps, enabling the endoscopist to make direct decisions. ATENEA showed a global accuracy similar to that of endoscopists despite an unsatisfactory performance for non-adenomatous lesions. |
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2022 Sep 14 |
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PMID |
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Notes |
ISE; 600.157 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ GTC2022b |
Serial |
3752 |
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Author |
Meysam Madadi; Sergio Escalera; Xavier Baro; Jordi Gonzalez |
Title |
End-to-end Global to Local CNN Learning for Hand Pose Recovery in Depth data |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
IET Computer Vision |
Abbreviated Journal |
IETCV |
Volume |
16 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
50-66 |
Keywords |
Computer vision; data acquisition; human computer interaction; learning (artificial intelligence); pose estimation |
Abstract |
Despite recent advances in 3D pose estimation of human hands, especially thanks to the advent of CNNs and depth cameras, this task is still far from being solved. This is mainly due to the highly non-linear dynamics of fingers, which make hand model training a challenging task. In this paper, we exploit a novel hierarchical tree-like structured CNN, in which branches are trained to become specialized in predefined subsets of hand joints, called local poses. We further fuse local pose features, extracted from hierarchical CNN branches, to learn higher order dependencies among joints in the final pose by end-to-end training. Lastly, the loss function used is also defined to incorporate appearance and physical constraints about doable hand motion and deformation. Finally, we introduce a non-rigid data augmentation approach to increase the amount of training depth data. Experimental results suggest that feeding a tree-shaped CNN, specialized in local poses, into a fusion network for modeling joints correlations and dependencies, helps to increase the precision of final estimations, outperforming state-of-the-art results on NYU and SyntheticHand datasets. |
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HUPBA; ISE; 600.098; 600.119 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ MEB2022 |
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3652 |
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Author |
Victor M. Campello; Carlos Martin-Isla; Cristian Izquierdo; Andrea Guala; Jose F. Rodriguez Palomares; David Vilades; Martin L. Descalzo; Mahir Karakas; Ersin Cavus; Zahra Zahra Raisi-Estabragh; Steffen E. Petersen; Sergio Escalera; Santiago Segui; Karim Lekadir |
Title |
Minimising multi-centre radiomics variability through image normalisation: a pilot study |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
ScR |
Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
12532 |
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Abstract |
Radiomics is an emerging technique for the quantification of imaging data that has recently shown great promise for deeper phenotyping of cardiovascular disease. Thus far, the technique has been mostly applied in single-centre studies. However, one of the main difficulties in multi-centre imaging studies is the inherent variability of image characteristics due to centre differences. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of radiomics variability under several image- and feature-based normalisation techniques was conducted using a multi-centre cardiovascular magnetic resonance dataset. 218 subjects divided into healthy (n = 112) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n = 106, HCM) groups from five different centres were considered. First and second order texture radiomic features were extracted from three regions of interest, namely the left and right ventricular cavities and the left ventricular myocardium. Two methods were used to assess features’ variability. First, feature distributions were compared across centres to obtain a distribution similarity index. Second, two classification tasks were proposed to assess: (1) the amount of centre-related information encoded in normalised features (centre identification) and (2) the generalisation ability for a classification model when trained on these features (healthy versus HCM classification). The results showed that the feature-based harmonisation technique ComBat is able to remove the variability introduced by centre information from radiomic features, at the expense of slightly degrading classification performance. Piecewise linear histogram matching normalisation gave features with greater generalisation ability for classification ( balanced accuracy in between 0.78 ± 0.08 and 0.79 ± 0.09). Models trained with features from images without normalisation showed the worst performance overall ( balanced accuracy in between 0.45 ± 0.28 and 0.60 ± 0.22). In conclusion, centre-related information removal did not imply good generalisation ability for classification. |
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2022/07/22 |
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Springer Nature |
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HuPBA |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ CMI2022 |
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3749 |
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Author |
Zhen Xu; Sergio Escalera; Adrien Pavao; Magali Richard; Wei-Wei Tu; Quanming Yao; Huan Zhao; Isabelle Guyon |
Title |
Codabench: Flexible, easy-to-use, and reproducible meta-benchmark platform |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Patterns |
Abbreviated Journal |
PATTERNS |
Volume |
3 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
100543 |
Keywords |
Machine learning; data science; benchmark platform; reproducibility; competitions |
Abstract |
Obtaining a standardized benchmark of computational methods is a major issue in data-science communities. Dedicated frameworks enabling fair benchmarking in a unified environment are yet to be developed. Here, we introduce Codabench, a meta-benchmark platform that is open sourced and community driven for benchmarking algorithms or software agents versus datasets or tasks. A public instance of Codabench is open to everyone free of charge and allows benchmark organizers to fairly compare submissions under the same setting (software, hardware, data, algorithms), with custom protocols and data formats. Codabench has unique features facilitating easy organization of flexible and reproducible benchmarks, such as the possibility of reusing templates of benchmarks and supplying compute resources on demand. Codabench has been used internally and externally on various applications, receiving more than 130 users and 2,500 submissions. As illustrative use cases, we introduce four diverse benchmarks covering graph machine learning, cancer heterogeneity, clinical diagnosis, and reinforcement learning. |
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June 24, 2022 |
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Science Direct |
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HuPBA |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ XEP2022 |
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3764 |
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Author |
Mohamed Ali Souibgui; Alicia Fornes; Yousri Kessentini; Beata Megyesi |
Title |
Few shots are all you need: A progressive learning approach for low resource handwritten text recognition |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
PRL |
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160 |
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43-49 |
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Handwritten text recognition in low resource scenarios, such as manuscripts with rare alphabets, is a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a few-shot learning-based handwriting recognition approach that significantly reduces the human annotation process, by requiring only a few images of each alphabet symbols. The method consists of detecting all the symbols of a given alphabet in a textline image and decoding the obtained similarity scores to the final sequence of transcribed symbols. Our model is first pretrained on synthetic line images generated from an alphabet, which could differ from the alphabet of the target domain. A second training step is then applied to reduce the gap between the source and the target data. Since this retraining would require annotation of thousands of handwritten symbols together with their bounding boxes, we propose to avoid such human effort through an unsupervised progressive learning approach that automatically assigns pseudo-labels to the unlabeled data. The evaluation on different datasets shows that our model can lead to competitive results with a significant reduction in human effort. The code will be publicly available in the following repository: https://github.com/dali92002/HTRbyMatching |
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Elsevier |
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DAG; 600.121; 600.162; 602.230 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ SFK2022 |
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3736 |
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Pau Riba; Lutz Goldmann; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Diede Rusticus; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados |
Title |
Table detection in business document images by message passing networks |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
PR |
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127 |
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108641 |
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Abstract |
Tabular structures in business documents offer a complementary dimension to the raw textual data. For instance, there is information about the relationships among pieces of information. Nowadays, digital mailroom applications have become a key service for workflow automation. Therefore, the detection and interpretation of tables is crucial. With the recent advances in information extraction, table detection and recognition has gained interest in document image analysis, in particular, with the absence of rule lines and unknown information about rows and columns. However, business documents usually contain sensitive contents limiting the amount of public benchmarking datasets. In this paper, we propose a graph-based approach for detecting tables in document images which do not require the raw content of the document. Hence, the sensitive content can be previously removed and, instead of using the raw image or textual content, we propose a purely structural approach to keep sensitive data anonymous. Our framework uses graph neural networks (GNNs) to describe the local repetitive structures that constitute a table. In particular, our main application domain are business documents. We have carefully validated our approach in two invoice datasets and a modern document benchmark. Our experiments demonstrate that tables can be detected by purely structural approaches. |
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July 2022 |
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Elsevier |
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DAG; 600.162; 600.121 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ RGR2022 |
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3729 |
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Author |
Yecong Wan; Yuanshuo Cheng; Miingwen Shao; Jordi Gonzalez |
Title |
Image rain removal and illumination enhancement done in one go |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Knowledge-Based Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
KBS |
Volume |
252 |
Issue |
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Pages |
109244 |
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Abstract |
Rain removal plays an important role in the restoration of degraded images. Recently, CNN-based methods have achieved remarkable success. However, these approaches neglect that the appearance of real-world rain is often accompanied by low light conditions, which will further degrade the image quality, thereby hindering the restoration mission. Therefore, it is very indispensable to jointly remove the rain and enhance illumination for real-world rain image restoration. To this end, we proposed a novel spatially-adaptive network, dubbed SANet, which can remove the rain and enhance illumination in one go with the guidance of degradation mask. Meanwhile, to fully utilize negative samples, a contrastive loss is proposed to preserve more natural textures and consistent illumination. In addition, we present a new synthetic dataset, named DarkRain, to boost the development of rain image restoration algorithms in practical scenarios. DarkRain not only contains different degrees of rain, but also considers different lighting conditions, and more realistically simulates real-world rainfall scenarios. SANet is extensively evaluated on the proposed dataset and attains new state-of-the-art performance against other combining methods. Moreover, after a simple transformation, our SANet surpasses existing the state-of-the-art algorithms in both rain removal and low-light image enhancement. |
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Sept 2022 |
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Elsevier |
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ISE; 600.157; 600.168 |
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no |
Call Number |
Admin @ si @ WCS2022 |
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3744 |
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Author |
Daniela Rato; Miguel Oliveira; Vitor Santos; Manuel Gomes; Angel Sappa |
Title |
A sensor-to-pattern calibration framework for multi-modal industrial collaborative cells |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Manufacturing Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
JMANUFSYST |
Volume |
64 |
Issue |
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Pages |
497-507 |
Keywords |
Calibration; Collaborative cell; Multi-modal; Multi-sensor |
Abstract |
Collaborative robotic industrial cells are workspaces where robots collaborate with human operators. In this context, safety is paramount, and for that a complete perception of the space where the collaborative robot is inserted is necessary. To ensure this, collaborative cells are equipped with a large set of sensors of multiple modalities, covering the entire work volume. However, the fusion of information from all these sensors requires an accurate extrinsic calibration. The calibration of such complex systems is challenging, due to the number of sensors and modalities, and also due to the small overlapping fields of view between the sensors, which are positioned to capture different viewpoints of the cell. This paper proposes a sensor to pattern methodology that can calibrate a complex system such as a collaborative cell in a single optimization procedure. Our methodology can tackle RGB and Depth cameras, as well as LiDARs. Results show that our methodology is able to accurately calibrate a collaborative cell containing three RGB cameras, a depth camera and three 3D LiDARs. |
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Science Direct |
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MSIAU; MACO |
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Admin @ si @ ROS2022 |
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3750 |
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Author |
Iban Berganzo-Besga; Hector A. Orengo; Felipe Lumbreras; Paloma Aliende; Monica N. Ramsey |
Title |
Automated detection and classification of multi-cell Phytoliths using Deep Learning-Based Algorithms |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Archaeological Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
JArchSci |
Volume |
148 |
Issue |
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Pages |
105654 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
This paper presents an algorithm for automated detection and classification of multi-cell phytoliths, one of the major components of many archaeological and paleoenvironmental deposits. This identification, based on phytolith wave pattern, is made using a pretrained VGG19 deep learning model. This approach has been tested in three key phytolith genera for the study of agricultural origins in Near East archaeology: Avena, Hordeum and Triticum. Also, this classification has been validated at species-level using Triticum boeoticum and dicoccoides images. Due to the diversity of microscopes, cameras and chemical treatments that can influence images of phytolith slides, three types of data augmentation techniques have been implemented: rotation of the images at 45-degree angles, random colour and brightness jittering, and random blur/sharpen. The implemented workflow has resulted in an overall accuracy of 93.68% for phytolith genera, improving previous attempts. The algorithm has also demonstrated its potential to automatize the classification of phytoliths species with an overall accuracy of 100%. The open code and platforms employed to develop the algorithm assure the method's accessibility, reproducibility and reusability. |
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December 2022 |
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MSIAU; MACO; 600.167 |
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Admin @ si @ BOL2022 |
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3753 |
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