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Author |
Mireia Sole; Joan Blanco; Debora Gil; Oliver Valero; Alvaro Pascual; B. Cardenas; G. Fonseka; E. Anton; Richard Frodsham; Francesca Vidal; Zaida Sarrate |
Title |
Chromosomal positioning in spermatogenic cells is influenced by chromosomal factors associated with gene activity, bouquet formation, and meiotic sex-chromosome inactivation |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Chromosoma |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
130 |
Issue |
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Pages |
163-175 |
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Abstract |
Chromosome territoriality is not random along the cell cycle and it is mainly governed by intrinsic chromosome factors and gene expression patterns. Conversely, very few studies have explored the factors that determine chromosome territoriality and its influencing factors during meiosis. In this study, we analysed chromosome positioning in murine spermatogenic cells using three-dimensionally fluorescence in situ hybridization-based methodology, which allows the analysis of the entire karyotype. The main objective of the study was to decipher chromosome positioning in a radial axis (all analysed germ-cell nuclei) and longitudinal axis (only spermatozoa) and to identify the chromosomal factors that regulate such an arrangement. Results demonstrated that the radial positioning of chromosomes during spermatogenesis was cell-type specific and influenced by chromosomal factors associated to gene activity. Chromosomes with specific features that enhance transcription (high GC content, high gene density and high numbers of predicted expressed genes) were preferentially observed in the inner part of the nucleus in virtually all cell types. Moreover, the position of the sex chromosomes was influenced by their transcriptional status, from the periphery of the nucleus when its activity was repressed (pachytene) to a more internal position when it is partially activated (spermatid). At pachytene, chromosome positioning was also influenced by chromosome size due to the bouquet formation. Longitudinal chromosome positioning in the sperm nucleus was not random either, suggesting the importance of ordered longitudinal positioning for the release and activation of the paternal genome after fertilisation. |
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IAM; 600.145 |
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Admin @ si @ SBG2021 |
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3592 |
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Author |
Trevor Canham; Javier Vazquez; Elise Mathieu; Marcelo Bertalmío |
Title |
Matching visual induction effects on screens of different size |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Vision |
Abbreviated Journal |
JOV |
Volume |
21 |
Issue |
6(10) |
Pages |
1-22 |
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Abstract |
In the film industry, the same movie is expected to be watched on displays of vastly different sizes, from cinema screens to mobile phones. But visual induction, the perceptual phenomenon by which the appearance of a scene region is affected by its surroundings, will be different for the same image shown on two displays of different dimensions. This phenomenon presents a practical challenge for the preservation of the artistic intentions of filmmakers, because it can lead to shifts in image appearance between viewing destinations. In this work, we show that a neural field model based on the efficient representation principle is able to predict induction effects and how, by regularizing its associated energy functional, the model is still able to represent induction but is now invertible. From this finding, we propose a method to preprocess an image in a screen–size dependent way so that its perception, in terms of visual induction, may remain constant across displays of different size. The potential of the method is demonstrated through psychophysical experiments on synthetic images and qualitative examples on natural images. |
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CIC |
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Admin @ si @ CVM2021 |
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3595 |
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Albert Rial-Farras; Meysam Madadi; Sergio Escalera |
Title |
UV-based reconstruction of 3D garments from a single RGB image |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
16th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition |
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1-8 |
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Garments are highly detailed and dynamic objects made up of particles that interact with each other and with other objects, making the task of 2D to 3D garment reconstruction extremely challenging. Therefore, having a lightweight 3D representation capable of modelling fine details is of great importance. This work presents a deep learning framework based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to reconstruct 3D garment models from a single RGB image. It has the peculiarity of using UV maps to represent 3D data, a lightweight representation capable of dealing with high-resolution details and wrinkles. With this model and kind of 3D representation, we achieve state-of-the-art results on the CLOTH3D++ dataset, generating good quality and realistic garment reconstructions regardless of the garment topology and shape, human pose, occlusions and lightning. |
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Virtual; December 2021 |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ RME2021 |
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3639 |
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Author |
Hugo Bertiche; Meysam Madadi; Sergio Escalera |
Title |
Deep Parametric Surfaces for 3D Outfit Reconstruction from Single View Image |
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Conference Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
16th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition |
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1-8 |
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We present a methodology to retrieve analytical surfaces parametrized as a neural network. Previous works on 3D reconstruction yield point clouds, voxelized objects or meshes. Instead, our approach yields 2-manifolds in the euclidean space through deep learning. To this end, we implement a novel formulation for fully connected layers as parametrized manifolds that allows continuous predictions with differential geometry. Based on this property we propose a novel smoothness loss. Results on CLOTH3D++ dataset show the possibility to infer different topologies and the benefits of the smoothness term based on differential geometry. |
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Virtual; December 2021 |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ BME2021 |
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3640 |
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Javad Zolfaghari Bengar; Joost Van de Weijer; Bartlomiej Twardowski; Bogdan Raducanu |
Title |
Reducing Label Effort: Self- Supervised Meets Active Learning |
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Conference Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops |
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1631-1639 |
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Active learning is a paradigm aimed at reducing the annotation effort by training the model on actively selected informative and/or representative samples. Another paradigm to reduce the annotation effort is self-training that learns from a large amount of unlabeled data in an unsupervised way and fine-tunes on few labeled samples. Recent developments in self-training have achieved very impressive results rivaling supervised learning on some datasets. The current work focuses on whether the two paradigms can benefit from each other. We studied object recognition datasets including CIFAR10, CIFAR100 and Tiny ImageNet with several labeling budgets for the evaluations. Our experiments reveal that self-training is remarkably more efficient than active learning at reducing the labeling effort, that for a low labeling budget, active learning offers no benefit to self-training, and finally that the combination of active learning and self-training is fruitful when the labeling budget is high. The performance gap between active learning trained either with self-training or from scratch diminishes as we approach to the point where almost half of the dataset is labeled. |
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October 2021 |
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ICCVW |
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LAMP; |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ ZVT2021 |
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3672 |
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Author |
Shun Yao; Fei Yang; Yongmei Cheng; Mikhail Mozerov |
Title |
3D Shapes Local Geometry Codes Learning with SDF |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops |
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2110-2117 |
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A signed distance function (SDF) as the 3D shape description is one of the most effective approaches to represent 3D geometry for rendering and reconstruction. Our work is inspired by the state-of-the-art method DeepSDF [17] that learns and analyzes the 3D shape as the iso-surface of its shell and this method has shown promising results especially in the 3D shape reconstruction and compression domain. In this paper, we consider the degeneration problem of reconstruction coming from the capacity decrease of the DeepSDF model, which approximates the SDF with a neural network and a single latent code. We propose Local Geometry Code Learning (LGCL), a model that improves the original DeepSDF results by learning from a local shape geometry of the full 3D shape. We add an extra graph neural network to split the single transmittable latent code into a set of local latent codes distributed on the 3D shape. Mentioned latent codes are used to approximate the SDF in their local regions, which will alleviate the complexity of the approximation compared to the original DeepSDF. Furthermore, we introduce a new geometric loss function to facilitate the training of these local latent codes. Note that other local shape adjusting methods use the 3D voxel representation, which in turn is a problem highly difficult to solve or even is insolvable. In contrast, our architecture is based on graph processing implicitly and performs the learning regression process directly in the latent code space, thus make the proposed architecture more flexible and also simple for realization. Our experiments on 3D shape reconstruction demonstrate that our LGCL method can keep more details with a significantly smaller size of the SDF decoder and outperforms considerably the original DeepSDF method under the most important quantitative metrics. |
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VIRTUAL; October 2021 |
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LAMP |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ YYC2021 |
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3681 |
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Author |
Lei Kang; Pau Riba; Marcal Rusinol; Alicia Fornes; Mauricio Villegas |
Title |
Content and Style Aware Generation of Text-line Images for Handwriting Recognition |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
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TPAMI |
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Handwritten Text Recognition has achieved an impressive performance in public benchmarks. However, due to the high inter- and intra-class variability between handwriting styles, such recognizers need to be trained using huge volumes of manually labeled training data. To alleviate this labor-consuming problem, synthetic data produced with TrueType fonts has been often used in the training loop to gain volume and augment the handwriting style variability. However, there is a significant style bias between synthetic and real data which hinders the improvement of recognition performance. To deal with such limitations, we propose a generative method for handwritten text-line images, which is conditioned on both visual appearance and textual content. Our method is able to produce long text-line samples with diverse handwriting styles. Once properly trained, our method can also be adapted to new target data by only accessing unlabeled text-line images to mimic handwritten styles and produce images with any textual content. Extensive experiments have been done on making use of the generated samples to boost Handwritten Text Recognition performance. Both qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the current state of the art. |
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DAG; 600.140; 600.121 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ KRR2021 |
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3612 |
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Rafael E. Rivadeneira; Angel Sappa; Boris X. Vintimilla; Sabari Nathan; Priya Kansal; Armin Mehri; Parichehr Behjati Ardakani; A.Dalal; A.Akula; D.Sharma; S.Pandey; B.Kumar; J.Yao; R.Wu; KFeng; N.Li; Y.Zhao; H.Patel; V. Chudasama; K.Pjajapati; A.Sarvaiya; K.Upla; K.Raja; R.Ramachandra; C.Bush; F.Almasri; T.Vandamme; O.Debeir; N.Gutierrez; Q.Nguyen; W.Beksi |
Title |
Thermal Image Super-Resolution Challenge – PBVS 2021 |
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Conference Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops |
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4359-4367 |
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This paper presents results from the second Thermal Image Super-Resolution (TISR) challenge organized in the framework of the Perception Beyond the Visible Spectrum (PBVS) 2021 workshop. For this second edition, the same thermal image dataset considered during the first challenge has been used; only mid-resolution (MR) and high-resolution (HR) sets have been considered. The dataset consists of 951 training images and 50 testing images for each resolution. A set of 20 images for each resolution is kept aside for evaluation. The two evaluation methodologies proposed for the first challenge are also considered in this opportunity. The first evaluation task consists of measuring the PSNR and SSIM between the obtained SR image and the corresponding ground truth (i.e., the HR thermal image downsampled by four). The second evaluation also consists of measuring the PSNR and SSIM, but in this case, considers the x2 SR obtained from the given MR thermal image; this evaluation is performed between the SR image with respect to the semi-registered HR image, which has been acquired with another camera. The results outperformed those from the first challenge, thus showing an improvement in both evaluation metrics. |
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Virtual; June 2021 |
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CVPRW |
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MSIAU; 600.130; 600.122 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ RSV2021 |
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3581 |
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Author |
Kai Wang; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer |
Title |
Continual learning in cross-modal retrieval |
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Conference Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
2nd CLVISION workshop |
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3628-3638 |
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Multimodal representations and continual learning are two areas closely related to human intelligence. The former considers the learning of shared representation spaces where information from different modalities can be compared and integrated (we focus on cross-modal retrieval between language and visual representations). The latter studies how to prevent forgetting a previously learned task when learning a new one. While humans excel in these two aspects, deep neural networks are still quite limited. In this paper, we propose a combination of both problems into a continual cross-modal retrieval setting, where we study how the catastrophic interference caused by new tasks impacts the embedding spaces and their cross-modal alignment required for effective retrieval. We propose a general framework that decouples the training, indexing and querying stages. We also identify and study different factors that may lead to forgetting, and propose tools to alleviate it. We found that the indexing stage pays an important role and that simply avoiding reindexing the database with updated embedding networks can lead to significant gains. We evaluated our methods in two image-text retrieval datasets, obtaining significant gains with respect to the fine tuning baseline. |
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Virtual; June 2021 |
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LAMP; 600.120; 600.141; 600.147; 601.379 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ WHW2021 |
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3566 |
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Author |
Patricia Suarez; Angel Sappa; Boris X. Vintimilla; Riad I. Hammoud |
Title |
Cycle Generative Adversarial Network: Towards A Low-Cost Vegetation Index Estimation |
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Conference Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
28th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing |
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19-22 |
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This paper presents a novel unsupervised approach to estimate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The NDVI is obtained as the ratio between information from the visible and near infrared spectral bands; in the current work, the NDVI is estimated just from an image of the visible spectrum through a Cyclic Generative Adversarial Network (CyclicGAN). This unsupervised architecture learns to estimate the NDVI index by means of an image translation between the red channel of a given RGB image and the NDVI unpaired index’s image. The translation is obtained by means of a ResNET architecture and a multiple loss function. Experimental results obtained with this unsupervised scheme show the validity of the implemented model. Additionally, comparisons with the state of the art approaches are provided showing improvements with the proposed approach. |
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Anchorage-Alaska; USA; September 2021 |
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ICIP |
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MSIAU; 600.130; 600.122; 601.349 |
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Admin @ si @ SSV2021b |
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3579 |
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Diego Velazquez; Josep M. Gonfaus; Pau Rodriguez; Xavier Roca; Seiichi Ozawa; Jordi Gonzalez |
Title |
Logo Detection With No Priors |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
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IEEE Access |
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ACCESS |
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9 |
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106998-107011 |
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In recent years, top referred methods on object detection like R-CNN have implemented this task as a combination of proposal region generation and supervised classification on the proposed bounding boxes. Although this pipeline has achieved state-of-the-art results in multiple datasets, it has inherent limitations that make object detection a very complex and inefficient task in computational terms. Instead of considering this standard strategy, in this paper we enhance Detection Transformers (DETR) which tackles object detection as a set-prediction problem directly in an end-to-end fully differentiable pipeline without requiring priors. In particular, we incorporate Feature Pyramids (FP) to the DETR architecture and demonstrate the effectiveness of the resulting DETR-FP approach on improving logo detection results thanks to the improved detection of small logos. So, without requiring any domain specific prior to be fed to the model, DETR-FP obtains competitive results on the OpenLogo and MS-COCO datasets offering a relative improvement of up to 30%, when compared to a Faster R-CNN baseline which strongly depends on hand-designed priors. |
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Admin @ si @ VGR2021 |
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3664 |
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Ahmed M. A. Salih; Ilaria Boscolo Galazzo; Zahra Zahra Raisi-Estabragh; Steffen E. Petersen; Polyxeni Gkontra; Karim Lekadir; Gloria Menegaz; Petia Radeva |
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A new scheme for the assessment of the robustness of Explainable Methods Applied to Brain Age estimation |
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Conference Article |
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2021 |
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34th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems |
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492-497 |
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Deep learning methods show great promise in a range of settings including the biomedical field. Explainability of these models is important in these fields for building end-user trust and to facilitate their confident deployment. Although several Machine Learning Interpretability tools have been proposed so far, there is currently no recognized evaluation standard to transfer the explainability results into a quantitative score. Several measures have been proposed as proxies for quantitative assessment of explainability methods. However, the robustness of the list of significant features provided by the explainability methods has not been addressed. In this work, we propose a new proxy for assessing the robustness of the list of significant features provided by two explainability methods. Our validation is defined at functionality-grounded level based on the ranked correlation statistical index and demonstrates its successful application in the framework of brain aging estimation. We assessed our proxy to estimate brain age using neuroscience data. Our results indicate small variability and high robustness in the considered explainability methods using this new proxy. |
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CBMS |
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MILAB; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ SBZ2021 |
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3629 |
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Victor M. Campello; Polyxeni Gkontra; Cristian Izquierdo; Carlos Martin-Isla; Alireza Sojoudi; Peter M. Full; Klaus Maier-Hein; Yao Zhang; Zhiqiang He; Jun Ma; Mario Parreno; Alberto Albiol; Fanwei Kong; Shawn C. Shadden; Jorge Corral Acero; Vaanathi Sundaresan; Mina Saber; Mustafa Elattar; Hongwei Li; Bjoern Menze; Firas Khader; Christoph Haarburger; Cian M. Scannell; Mitko Veta; Adam Carscadden; Kumaradevan Punithakumar; Xiao Liu; Sotirios A. Tsaftaris; Xiaoqiong Huang; Xin Yang; Lei Li; Xiahai Zhuang; David Vilades; Martin L. Descalzo; Andrea Guala; Lucia La Mura; Matthias G. Friedrich; Ria Garg; Julie Lebel; Filipe Henriques; Mahir Karakas; Ersin Cavus; Steffen E. Petersen; Sergio Escalera; Santiago Segui; Jose F. Rodriguez Palomares; Karim Lekadir |
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Multi-Centre, Multi-Vendor and Multi-Disease Cardiac Segmentation: The M&Ms Challenge |
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2021 |
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IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging |
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TMI |
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40 |
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12 |
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3543-3554 |
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The emergence of deep learning has considerably advanced the state-of-the-art in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) segmentation. Many techniques have been proposed over the last few years, bringing the accuracy of automated segmentation close to human performance. However, these models have been all too often trained and validated using cardiac imaging samples from single clinical centres or homogeneous imaging protocols. This has prevented the development and validation of models that are generalizable across different clinical centres, imaging conditions or scanner vendors. To promote further research and scientific benchmarking in the field of generalizable deep learning for cardiac segmentation, this paper presents the results of the Multi-Centre, Multi-Vendor and Multi-Disease Cardiac Segmentation (M&Ms) Challenge, which was recently organized as part of the MICCAI 2020 Conference. A total of 14 teams submitted different solutions to the problem, combining various baseline models, data augmentation strategies, and domain adaptation techniques. The obtained results indicate the importance of intensity-driven data augmentation, as well as the need for further research to improve generalizability towards unseen scanner vendors or new imaging protocols. Furthermore, we present a new resource of 375 heterogeneous CMR datasets acquired by using four different scanner vendors in six hospitals and three different countries (Spain, Canada and Germany), which we provide as open-access for the community to enable future research in the field. |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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no |
Call Number |
Admin @ si @ CGI2021 |
Serial |
3653 |
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Author |
Yasuko Sugito; Trevor Canham; Javier Vazquez; Marcelo Bertalmio |
Title |
A Study of Objective Quality Metrics for HLG-Based HDR/WCG Image Coding |
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Journal |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
SMPTE |
Volume |
130 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
53 - 65 |
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Abstract |
In this work, we study the suitability of high dynamic range, wide color gamut (HDR/WCG) objective quality metrics to assess the perceived deterioration of compressed images encoded using the hybrid log-gamma (HLG) method, which is the standard for HDR television. Several image quality metrics have been developed to deal specifically with HDR content, although in previous work we showed that the best results (i.e., better matches to the opinion of human expert observers) are obtained by an HDR metric that consists simply in applying a given standard dynamic range metric, called visual information fidelity (VIF), directly to HLG-encoded images. However, all these HDR metrics ignore the chroma components for their calculations, that is, they consider only the luminance channel. For this reason, in the current work, we conduct subjective evaluation experiments in a professional setting using compressed HDR/WCG images encoded with HLG and analyze the ability of the best HDR metric to detect perceivable distortions in the chroma components, as well as the suitability of popular color metrics (including ΔITPR , which supports parameters for HLG) to correlate with the opinion scores. Our first contribution is to show that there is a need to consider the chroma components in HDR metrics, as there are color distortions that subjects perceive but that the best HDR metric fails to detect. Our second contribution is the surprising result that VIF, which utilizes only the luminance channel, correlates much better with the subjective evaluation scores than the metrics investigated that do consider the color components. |
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SCV2021 |
Serial |
3671 |
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Author |
Armin Mehri; Parichehr Behjati Ardakani; Angel Sappa |
Title |
MPRNet: Multi-Path Residual Network for Lightweight Image Super Resolution |
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Conference Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision |
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Pages |
2703-2712 |
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Abstract |
Lightweight super resolution networks have extremely importance for real-world applications. In recent years several SR deep learning approaches with outstanding achievement have been introduced by sacrificing memory and computational cost. To overcome this problem, a novel lightweight super resolution network is proposed, which improves the SOTA performance in lightweight SR and performs roughly similar to computationally expensive networks. Multi-Path Residual Network designs with a set of Residual concatenation Blocks stacked with Adaptive Residual Blocks: ($i$) to adaptively extract informative features and learn more expressive spatial context information; ($ii$) to better leverage multi-level representations before up-sampling stage; and ($iii$) to allow an efficient information and gradient flow within the network. The proposed architecture also contains a new attention mechanism, Two-Fold Attention Module, to maximize the representation ability of the model. Extensive experiments show the superiority of our model against other SOTA SR approaches. |
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Virtual; January 2021 |
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WACV |
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MSIAU; 600.130; 600.122 |
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no |
Call Number |
Admin @ si @ MAS2021b |
Serial |
3582 |
Permanent link to this record |