Records |
Author |
Alina Matei; Andreea Glavan; Petia Radeva; Estefania Talavera |
Title |
Towards Eating Habits Discovery in Egocentric Photo-Streams |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Access |
Abbreviated Journal |
ACCESS |
Volume |
9 |
Issue |
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Pages |
17495-17506 |
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Abstract |
Eating habits are learned throughout the early stages of our lives. However, it is not easy to be aware of how our food-related routine affects our healthy living. In this work, we address the unsupervised discovery of nutritional habits from egocentric photo-streams. We build a food-related behavioral pattern discovery model, which discloses nutritional routines from the activities performed throughout the days. To do so, we rely on Dynamic-Time-Warping for the evaluation of similarity among the collected days. Within this framework, we present a simple, but robust and fast novel classification pipeline that outperforms the state-of-the-art on food-related image classification with a weighted accuracy and F-score of 70% and 63%, respectively. Later, we identify days composed of nutritional activities that do not describe the habits of the person as anomalies in the daily life of the user with the Isolation Forest method. Furthermore, we show an application for the identification of food-related scenes when the camera wearer eats in isolation. Results have shown the good performance of the proposed model and its relevance to visualize the nutritional habits of individuals. |
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MILAB; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ MGR2021 |
Serial |
3637 |
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Author |
Swathikiran Sudhakaran; Sergio Escalera;Oswald Lanz |
Title |
Learning to Recognize Actions on Objects in Egocentric Video with Attention Dictionaries |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
Abbreviated Journal |
TPAMI |
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We present EgoACO, a deep neural architecture for video action recognition that learns to pool action-context-object descriptors from frame level features by leveraging the verb-noun structure of action labels in egocentric video datasets. The core component of EgoACO is class activation pooling (CAP), a differentiable pooling operation that combines ideas from bilinear pooling for fine-grained recognition and from feature learning for discriminative localization. CAP uses self-attention with a dictionary of learnable weights to pool from the most relevant feature regions. Through CAP, EgoACO learns to decode object and scene context descriptors from video frame features. For temporal modeling in EgoACO, we design a recurrent version of class activation pooling termed Long Short-Term Attention (LSTA). LSTA extends convolutional gated LSTM with built-in spatial attention and a re-designed output gate. Action, object and context descriptors are fused by a multi-head prediction that accounts for the inter-dependencies between noun-verb-action structured labels in egocentric video datasets. EgoACO features built-in visual explanations, helping learning and interpretation. Results on the two largest egocentric action recognition datasets currently available, EPIC-KITCHENS and EGTEA, show that by explicitly decoding action-context-object descriptors, EgoACO achieves state-of-the-art recognition performance. |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ SEL2021 |
Serial |
3656 |
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Author |
Sudeep Katakol; Basem Elbarashy; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer; Antonio Lopez |
Title |
Distributed Learning and Inference with Compressed Images |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
TIP |
Volume |
30 |
Issue |
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Pages |
3069 - 3083 |
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Abstract |
Modern computer vision requires processing large amounts of data, both while training the model and/or during inference, once the model is deployed. Scenarios where images are captured and processed in physically separated locations are increasingly common (e.g. autonomous vehicles, cloud computing). In addition, many devices suffer from limited resources to store or transmit data (e.g. storage space, channel capacity). In these scenarios, lossy image compression plays a crucial role to effectively increase the number of images collected under such constraints. However, lossy compression entails some undesired degradation of the data that may harm the performance of the downstream analysis task at hand, since important semantic information may be lost in the process. Moreover, we may only have compressed images at training time but are able to use original images at inference time, or vice versa, and in such a case, the downstream model suffers from covariate shift. In this paper, we analyze this phenomenon, with a special focus on vision-based perception for autonomous driving as a paradigmatic scenario. We see that loss of semantic information and covariate shift do indeed exist, resulting in a drop in performance that depends on the compression rate. In order to address the problem, we propose dataset restoration, based on image restoration with generative adversarial networks (GANs). Our method is agnostic to both the particular image compression method and the downstream task; and has the advantage of not adding additional cost to the deployed models, which is particularly important in resource-limited devices. The presented experiments focus on semantic segmentation as a challenging use case, cover a broad range of compression rates and diverse datasets, and show how our method is able to significantly alleviate the negative effects of compression on the downstream visual task. |
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LAMP; ADAS; 600.120; 600.118 |
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no |
Call Number |
Admin @ si @ KEH2021 |
Serial |
3543 |
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Author |
Daniel Hernandez; Antonio Espinosa; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; Juan C. Moure |
Title |
3D Perception With Slanted Stixels on GPU |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
TPDS |
Volume |
32 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2434-2447 |
Keywords |
Daniel Hernandez-Juarez; Antonio Espinosa; David Vazquez; Antonio M. Lopez; Juan C. Moure |
Abstract |
This article presents a GPU-accelerated software design of the recently proposed model of Slanted Stixels, which represents the geometric and semantic information of a scene in a compact and accurate way. We reformulate the measurement depth model to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm, relying on the confidence of the depth estimation and the identification of invalid values to handle outliers. The proposed massively parallel scheme and data layout for the irregular computation pattern that corresponds to a Dynamic Programming paradigm is described and carefully analyzed in performance terms. Performance is shown to scale gracefully on current generation embedded GPUs. We assess the proposed methods in terms of semantic and geometric accuracy as well as run-time performance on three publicly available benchmark datasets. Our approach achieves real-time performance with high accuracy for 2048 × 1024 image sizes and 4 × 4 Stixel resolution on the low-power embedded GPU of an NVIDIA Tegra Xavier. |
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ADAS; 600.124; 600.118 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ HEV2021 |
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3561 |
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Author |
Shiqi Yang; Kai Wang; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer |
Title |
On Implicit Attribute Localization for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Signal Processing Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
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Pages |
872 - 876 |
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Abstract |
Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims to discriminate images from unseen classes by exploiting relations to seen classes via their attribute-based descriptions. Since attributes are often related to specific parts of objects, many recent works focus on discovering discriminative regions. However, these methods usually require additional complex part detection modules or attention mechanisms. In this paper, 1) we show that common ZSL backbones (without explicit attention nor part detection) can implicitly localize attributes, yet this property is not exploited. 2) Exploiting it, we then propose SELAR, a simple method that further encourages attribute localization, surprisingly achieving very competitive generalized ZSL (GZSL) performance when compared with more complex state-of-the-art methods. Our findings provide useful insight for designing future GZSL methods, and SELAR provides an easy to implement yet strong baseline. |
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LAMP; 600.120 |
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no |
Call Number |
YWH2021 |
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3563 |
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Author |
Alejandro Cartas; Petia Radeva; Mariella Dimiccoli |
Title |
Modeling long-term interactions to enhance action recognition |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition |
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Pages |
10351-10358 |
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In this paper, we propose a new approach to under-stand actions in egocentric videos that exploits the semantics of object interactions at both frame and temporal levels. At the frame level, we use a region-based approach that takes as input a primary region roughly corresponding to the user hands and a set of secondary regions potentially corresponding to the interacting objects and calculates the action score through a CNN formulation. This information is then fed to a Hierarchical LongShort-Term Memory Network (HLSTM) that captures temporal dependencies between actions within and across shots. Ablation studies thoroughly validate the proposed approach, showing in particular that both levels of the HLSTM architecture contribute to performance improvement. Furthermore, quantitative comparisons show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of action recognition on standard benchmarks,without relying on motion information |
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January 2021 |
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ICPR |
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MILAB; |
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no |
Call Number |
Admin @ si @ CRD2021 |
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3626 |
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Author |
Armin Mehri; Parichehr Behjati Ardakani; Angel Sappa |
Title |
LiNet: A Lightweight Network for Image Super Resolution |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition |
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7196-7202 |
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This paper proposes a new lightweight network, LiNet, that enhancing technical efficiency in lightweight super resolution and operating approximately like very large and costly networks in terms of number of network parameters and operations. The proposed architecture allows the network to learn more abstract properties by avoiding low-level information via multiple links. LiNet introduces a Compact Dense Module, which contains set of inner and outer blocks, to efficiently extract meaningful information, to better leverage multi-level representations before upsampling stage, and to allow an efficient information and gradient flow within the network. Experiments on benchmark datasets show that the proposed LiNet achieves favorable performance against lightweight state-of-the-art methods. |
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Virtual; January 2021 |
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MSIAU; 600.130; 600.122 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ MAS2021a |
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3583 |
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Author |
Ajian Liu; Zichang Tan; Jun Wan; Sergio Escalera; Guodong Guo; Stan Z. Li |
Title |
CASIA-SURF CeFA: A Benchmark for Multi-modal Cross-Ethnicity Face Anti-Spoofing |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision |
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1178-1186 |
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The issue of ethnic bias has proven to affect the performance of face recognition in previous works, while it still remains to be vacant in face anti-spoofing. Therefore, in order to study the ethnic bias for face anti-spoofing, we introduce the largest CASIA-SURF Cross-ethnicity Face Anti-spoofing (CeFA) dataset, covering 3 ethnicities, 3 modalities, 1,607 subjects, and 2D plus 3D attack types. Five protocols are introduced to measure the affect under varied evaluation conditions, such as cross-ethnicity, unknown spoofs or both of them. As our knowledge, CASIA-SURF CeFA is the first dataset including explicit ethnic labels in current released datasets. Then, we propose a novel multi-modal fusion method as a strong baseline to alleviate the ethnic bias, which employs a partially shared fusion strategy to learn complementary information from multiple modalities. Extensive experiments have been conducted on the proposed dataset to verify its significance and generalization capability for other existing datasets, i.e., CASIA-SURF, OULU-NPU and SiW datasets. The dataset is available at https://sites.google.com/qq.com/face-anti-spoofing/welcome/challengecvpr2020?authuser=0. |
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Virtual; January 2021 |
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WACV |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ LTW2021 |
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3661 |
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Author |
Armin Mehri; Parichehr Behjati Ardakani; Angel Sappa |
Title |
MPRNet: Multi-Path Residual Network for Lightweight Image Super Resolution |
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Conference Article |
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2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision |
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2703-2712 |
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Lightweight super resolution networks have extremely importance for real-world applications. In recent years several SR deep learning approaches with outstanding achievement have been introduced by sacrificing memory and computational cost. To overcome this problem, a novel lightweight super resolution network is proposed, which improves the SOTA performance in lightweight SR and performs roughly similar to computationally expensive networks. Multi-Path Residual Network designs with a set of Residual concatenation Blocks stacked with Adaptive Residual Blocks: ($i$) to adaptively extract informative features and learn more expressive spatial context information; ($ii$) to better leverage multi-level representations before up-sampling stage; and ($iii$) to allow an efficient information and gradient flow within the network. The proposed architecture also contains a new attention mechanism, Two-Fold Attention Module, to maximize the representation ability of the model. Extensive experiments show the superiority of our model against other SOTA SR approaches. |
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Virtual; January 2021 |
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WACV |
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MSIAU; 600.130; 600.122 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ MAS2021b |
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3582 |
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Yasuko Sugito; Trevor Canham; Javier Vazquez; Marcelo Bertalmio |
Title |
A Study of Objective Quality Metrics for HLG-Based HDR/WCG Image Coding |
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Journal |
Year |
2021 |
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SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal |
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SMPTE |
Volume |
130 |
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4 |
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53 - 65 |
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In this work, we study the suitability of high dynamic range, wide color gamut (HDR/WCG) objective quality metrics to assess the perceived deterioration of compressed images encoded using the hybrid log-gamma (HLG) method, which is the standard for HDR television. Several image quality metrics have been developed to deal specifically with HDR content, although in previous work we showed that the best results (i.e., better matches to the opinion of human expert observers) are obtained by an HDR metric that consists simply in applying a given standard dynamic range metric, called visual information fidelity (VIF), directly to HLG-encoded images. However, all these HDR metrics ignore the chroma components for their calculations, that is, they consider only the luminance channel. For this reason, in the current work, we conduct subjective evaluation experiments in a professional setting using compressed HDR/WCG images encoded with HLG and analyze the ability of the best HDR metric to detect perceivable distortions in the chroma components, as well as the suitability of popular color metrics (including ΔITPR , which supports parameters for HLG) to correlate with the opinion scores. Our first contribution is to show that there is a need to consider the chroma components in HDR metrics, as there are color distortions that subjects perceive but that the best HDR metric fails to detect. Our second contribution is the surprising result that VIF, which utilizes only the luminance channel, correlates much better with the subjective evaluation scores than the metrics investigated that do consider the color components. |
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CIC |
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no |
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SCV2021 |
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3671 |
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Victor M. Campello; Polyxeni Gkontra; Cristian Izquierdo; Carlos Martin-Isla; Alireza Sojoudi; Peter M. Full; Klaus Maier-Hein; Yao Zhang; Zhiqiang He; Jun Ma; Mario Parreno; Alberto Albiol; Fanwei Kong; Shawn C. Shadden; Jorge Corral Acero; Vaanathi Sundaresan; Mina Saber; Mustafa Elattar; Hongwei Li; Bjoern Menze; Firas Khader; Christoph Haarburger; Cian M. Scannell; Mitko Veta; Adam Carscadden; Kumaradevan Punithakumar; Xiao Liu; Sotirios A. Tsaftaris; Xiaoqiong Huang; Xin Yang; Lei Li; Xiahai Zhuang; David Vilades; Martin L. Descalzo; Andrea Guala; Lucia La Mura; Matthias G. Friedrich; Ria Garg; Julie Lebel; Filipe Henriques; Mahir Karakas; Ersin Cavus; Steffen E. Petersen; Sergio Escalera; Santiago Segui; Jose F. Rodriguez Palomares; Karim Lekadir |
Title |
Multi-Centre, Multi-Vendor and Multi-Disease Cardiac Segmentation: The M&Ms Challenge |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
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IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging |
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TMI |
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40 |
Issue |
12 |
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3543-3554 |
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The emergence of deep learning has considerably advanced the state-of-the-art in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) segmentation. Many techniques have been proposed over the last few years, bringing the accuracy of automated segmentation close to human performance. However, these models have been all too often trained and validated using cardiac imaging samples from single clinical centres or homogeneous imaging protocols. This has prevented the development and validation of models that are generalizable across different clinical centres, imaging conditions or scanner vendors. To promote further research and scientific benchmarking in the field of generalizable deep learning for cardiac segmentation, this paper presents the results of the Multi-Centre, Multi-Vendor and Multi-Disease Cardiac Segmentation (M&Ms) Challenge, which was recently organized as part of the MICCAI 2020 Conference. A total of 14 teams submitted different solutions to the problem, combining various baseline models, data augmentation strategies, and domain adaptation techniques. The obtained results indicate the importance of intensity-driven data augmentation, as well as the need for further research to improve generalizability towards unseen scanner vendors or new imaging protocols. Furthermore, we present a new resource of 375 heterogeneous CMR datasets acquired by using four different scanner vendors in six hospitals and three different countries (Spain, Canada and Germany), which we provide as open-access for the community to enable future research in the field. |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ CGI2021 |
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3653 |
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Ahmed M. A. Salih; Ilaria Boscolo Galazzo; Zahra Zahra Raisi-Estabragh; Steffen E. Petersen; Polyxeni Gkontra; Karim Lekadir; Gloria Menegaz; Petia Radeva |
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A new scheme for the assessment of the robustness of Explainable Methods Applied to Brain Age estimation |
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Conference Article |
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2021 |
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34th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems |
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492-497 |
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Deep learning methods show great promise in a range of settings including the biomedical field. Explainability of these models is important in these fields for building end-user trust and to facilitate their confident deployment. Although several Machine Learning Interpretability tools have been proposed so far, there is currently no recognized evaluation standard to transfer the explainability results into a quantitative score. Several measures have been proposed as proxies for quantitative assessment of explainability methods. However, the robustness of the list of significant features provided by the explainability methods has not been addressed. In this work, we propose a new proxy for assessing the robustness of the list of significant features provided by two explainability methods. Our validation is defined at functionality-grounded level based on the ranked correlation statistical index and demonstrates its successful application in the framework of brain aging estimation. We assessed our proxy to estimate brain age using neuroscience data. Our results indicate small variability and high robustness in the considered explainability methods using this new proxy. |
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CBMS |
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MILAB; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ SBZ2021 |
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3629 |
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Diego Velazquez; Josep M. Gonfaus; Pau Rodriguez; Xavier Roca; Seiichi Ozawa; Jordi Gonzalez |
Title |
Logo Detection With No Priors |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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IEEE Access |
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ACCESS |
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9 |
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106998-107011 |
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In recent years, top referred methods on object detection like R-CNN have implemented this task as a combination of proposal region generation and supervised classification on the proposed bounding boxes. Although this pipeline has achieved state-of-the-art results in multiple datasets, it has inherent limitations that make object detection a very complex and inefficient task in computational terms. Instead of considering this standard strategy, in this paper we enhance Detection Transformers (DETR) which tackles object detection as a set-prediction problem directly in an end-to-end fully differentiable pipeline without requiring priors. In particular, we incorporate Feature Pyramids (FP) to the DETR architecture and demonstrate the effectiveness of the resulting DETR-FP approach on improving logo detection results thanks to the improved detection of small logos. So, without requiring any domain specific prior to be fed to the model, DETR-FP obtains competitive results on the OpenLogo and MS-COCO datasets offering a relative improvement of up to 30%, when compared to a Faster R-CNN baseline which strongly depends on hand-designed priors. |
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ISE |
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Admin @ si @ VGR2021 |
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3664 |
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Patricia Suarez; Angel Sappa; Boris X. Vintimilla; Riad I. Hammoud |
Title |
Cycle Generative Adversarial Network: Towards A Low-Cost Vegetation Index Estimation |
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Conference Article |
Year |
2021 |
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28th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing |
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19-22 |
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This paper presents a novel unsupervised approach to estimate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The NDVI is obtained as the ratio between information from the visible and near infrared spectral bands; in the current work, the NDVI is estimated just from an image of the visible spectrum through a Cyclic Generative Adversarial Network (CyclicGAN). This unsupervised architecture learns to estimate the NDVI index by means of an image translation between the red channel of a given RGB image and the NDVI unpaired index’s image. The translation is obtained by means of a ResNET architecture and a multiple loss function. Experimental results obtained with this unsupervised scheme show the validity of the implemented model. Additionally, comparisons with the state of the art approaches are provided showing improvements with the proposed approach. |
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Anchorage-Alaska; USA; September 2021 |
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ICIP |
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MSIAU; 600.130; 600.122; 601.349 |
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Admin @ si @ SSV2021b |
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3579 |
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Author |
Kai Wang; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer |
Title |
Continual learning in cross-modal retrieval |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
2nd CLVISION workshop |
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3628-3638 |
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Multimodal representations and continual learning are two areas closely related to human intelligence. The former considers the learning of shared representation spaces where information from different modalities can be compared and integrated (we focus on cross-modal retrieval between language and visual representations). The latter studies how to prevent forgetting a previously learned task when learning a new one. While humans excel in these two aspects, deep neural networks are still quite limited. In this paper, we propose a combination of both problems into a continual cross-modal retrieval setting, where we study how the catastrophic interference caused by new tasks impacts the embedding spaces and their cross-modal alignment required for effective retrieval. We propose a general framework that decouples the training, indexing and querying stages. We also identify and study different factors that may lead to forgetting, and propose tools to alleviate it. We found that the indexing stage pays an important role and that simply avoiding reindexing the database with updated embedding networks can lead to significant gains. We evaluated our methods in two image-text retrieval datasets, obtaining significant gains with respect to the fine tuning baseline. |
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Virtual; June 2021 |
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LAMP; 600.120; 600.141; 600.147; 601.379 |
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Admin @ si @ WHW2021 |
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3566 |
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