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	Author	Chenyang Fu; Kaida Xiao; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Sophie Wuerger
	Title	Investigation of Unique Hue Setting Changes with Ageing			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Chinese Optics Letters	Abbreviated Journal	COL
	Volume	9	Issue	5	Pages	053301-1-5
	Keywords
	Abstract	Clromatic sensitivity along the protan, deutan, and tritan lines and the loci of the unique hues (red, green, yellow, blue) for a very large sample (n = 185) of colour-normal observers ranging from 18 to 75 years of age are assessed. Visual judgments are obtained under normal viewing conditions using colour patches on self-luminous display under controlled adaptation conditions. Trivector discrimination thresholds show an increase as a function of age along the protan, deutan, and tritan axes, with the largest increase present along the tritan line, less pronounced shifts in unique hue settings are also observed. Based on the chromatic (protan, deutan, tritan) thresholds and using scaled cone signals, we predict the unique hue changes with ageing. A dependency on age for unique red and unique yellow for predicted hue angle is found. We conclude that the chromatic sensitivity deteriorates significantly with age, whereas the appearance of unique hues is much less affected, remaining almost constant despite the known changes in the ocular media.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ XFW2011			Serial	1818
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	Author	Partha Pratim Roy; Umapada Pal; Josep Llados
	Title	Document Seal Detection Using Ght and Character Proximity Graphs			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal	PR
	Volume	44	Issue	6	Pages	1282-1295
	Keywords	Seal recognition; Graphical symbol spotting; Generalized Hough transform; Multi-oriented character recognition
	Abstract	This paper deals with automatic detection of seal (stamp) from documents with cluttered background. Seal detection involves a difficult challenge due to its multi-oriented nature, arbitrary shape, overlapping of its part with signature, noise, etc. Here, a seal object is characterized by scale and rotation invariant spatial feature descriptors computed from recognition result of individual connected components (characters). Scale and rotation invariant features are used in a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to recognize multi-scale and multi-oriented text characters. The concept of generalized Hough transform (GHT) is used to detect the seal and a voting scheme is designed for finding possible location of the seal in a document based on the spatial feature descriptor of neighboring component pairs. The peak of votes in GHT accumulator validates the hypothesis to locate the seal in a document. Experiment is performed in an archive of historical documents of handwritten/printed English text. Experimental results show that the method is robust in locating seal instances of arbitrary shape and orientation in documents, and also efficient in indexing a collection of documents for retrieval purposes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RPL2011			Serial	1820
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	Author	Kaida Xiao; Chenyang Fu; D.Mylonas; Dimosthenis Karatzas; S. Wuerger
	Title	Unique Hue Data for Colour Appearance Models. Part ii: Chromatic Adaptation Transform			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	Color Research & Application	Abbreviated Journal	CRA
	Volume	38	Issue	1	Pages	22-29
	Keywords
	Abstract	Unique hue settings of 185 observers under three room-lighting conditions were used to evaluate the accuracy of full and mixed chromatic adaptation transform models of CIECAM02 in terms of unique hue reproduction. Perceptual hue shifts in CIECAM02 were evaluated for both models with no clear difference using the current Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) recommendation for mixed chromatic adaptation ratio. Using our large dataset of unique hue data as a benchmark, an optimised parameter is proposed for chromatic adaptation under mixed illumination conditions that produces more accurate results in unique hue reproduction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2013
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ XFM2013			Serial	1822
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	Author	Sophie Wuerger; Kaida Xiao; Chenyang Fu; Dimosthenis Karatzas
	Title	Colour-opponent mechanisms are not affected by age-related chromatic sensitivity changes			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics	Abbreviated Journal	OPO
	Volume	30	Issue	5	Pages	635-659
	Keywords
	Abstract	The purpose of this study was to assess whether age-related chromatic sensitivity changes are associated with corresponding changes in hue perception in a large sample of colour-normal observers over a wide age range (n = 185; age range: 18-75 years). In these observers we determined both the sensitivity along the protan, deutan and tritan line; and settings for the four unique hues, from which the characteristics of the higher-order colour mechanisms can be derived. We found a significant decrease in chromatic sensitivity due to ageing, in particular along the tritan line. From the unique hue settings we derived the cone weightings associated with the colour mechanisms that are at equilibrium for the four unique hues. We found that the relative cone weightings (w(L) /w(M) and w(L) /w(S)) associated with the unique hues were independent of age. Our results are consistent with previous findings that the unique hues are rather constant with age while chromatic sensitivity declines. They also provide evidence in favour of the hypothesis that higher-order colour mechanisms are equipped with flexible cone weightings, as opposed to fixed weights. The mechanism underlying this compensation is still poorly understood.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG; IF: 1.259			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ WXF2010			Serial	1826
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	Author	Susana Alvarez; Anna Salvatella; Maria Vanrell; Xavier Otazu
	Title	Low-dimensional and Comprehensive Color Texture Description			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Computer Vision and Image Understanding	Abbreviated Journal	CVIU
	Volume	116	Issue	I	Pages	54-67
	Keywords
	Abstract	Image retrieval can be dealt by combining standard descriptors, such as those of MPEG-7, which are deﬁned independently for each visual cue (e.g. SCD or CLD for Color, HTD for texture or EHD for edges). A common problem is to combine similarities coming from descriptors representing different concepts in different spaces. In this paper we propose a color texture description that bypasses this problem from its inherent deﬁnition. It is based on a low dimensional space with 6 perceptual axes. Texture is described in a 3D space derived from a direct implementation of the original Julesz’s Texton theory and color is described in a 3D perceptual space. This early fusion through the blob concept in these two bounded spaces avoids the problem and allows us to derive a sparse color-texture descriptor that achieves similar performance compared to MPEG-7 in image retrieval. Moreover, our descriptor presents comprehensive qualities since it can also be applied either in segmentation or browsing: (a) a dense image representation is deﬁned from the descriptor showing a reasonable performance in locating texture patterns included in complex images; and (b) a vocabulary of basic terms is derived to build an intermediate level descriptor in natural language improving browsing by bridging semantic gap
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1077-3142	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	CAT;CIC			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ ASV2012			Serial	1827
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	Author	Carolina Malagelada; F.De Lorio; Santiago Segui; S. Mendez; Michal Drozdzal; Jordi Vitria; Petia Radeva; J.Santos; Anna Accarino; Juan R. Malagelada; Fernando Azpiroz
	Title	Functional gut disorders or disordered gut function? Small bowel dysmotility evidenced by an original technique			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Neurogastroenterology & Motility	Abbreviated Journal	NEUMOT
	Volume	24	Issue	3	Pages	223-230
	Keywords	capsule endoscopy;computer vision analysis;machine learning technique;small bowel motility
	Abstract	JCR Impact Factor 2010: 3.349 Background This study aimed to determine the proportion of cases with abnormal intestinal motility among patients with functional bowel disorders. To this end, we applied an original method, previously developed in our laboratory, for analysis of endoluminal images obtained by capsule endoscopy. This novel technology is based on computer vision and machine learning techniques. Methods The endoscopic capsule (Pillcam SB1; Given Imaging, Yokneam, Israel) was administered to 80 patients with functional bowel disorders and 70 healthy subjects. Endoluminal image analysis was performed with a computer vision program developed for the evaluation of contractile events (luminal occlusions and radial wrinkles), non-contractile patterns (open tunnel and smooth wall patterns), type of content (secretions, chyme) and motion of wall and contents. Normality range and discrimination of abnormal cases were established by a machine learning technique. Specifically, an iterative classifier (one-class support vector machine) was applied in a random population of 50 healthy subjects as a training set and the remaining subjects (20 healthy subjects and 80 patients) as a test set. Key Results The classifier identified as abnormal 29% of patients with functional diseases of the bowel (23 of 80), and as normal 97% of healthy subjects (68 of 70) (P < 0.05 by chi-squared test). Patients identified as abnormal clustered in two groups, which exhibited either a hyper- or a hypodynamic motility pattern. The motor behavior was unrelated to clinical features. Conclusions & Inferences With appropriate methodology, abnormal intestinal motility can be demonstrated in a significant proportion of patients with functional bowel disorders, implying a pathologic disturbance of gut physiology.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Wiley Online Library	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MILAB; OR; MV			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ MLS2012			Serial	1830
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	Author	Miquel Ferrer; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Ernest Valveny; I. Bardaji; Horst Bunke
	Title	A Generic Framework for Median Graph Computation based on a Recursive Embedding Approach			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Computer Vision and Image Understanding	Abbreviated Journal	CVIU
	Volume	115	Issue	7	Pages	919-928
	Keywords	Median Graph, Graph Embedding, Graph Matching, Structural Pattern Recognition
	Abstract	The median graph has been shown to be a good choice to obtain a represen- tative of a set of graphs. However, its computation is a complex problem. Recently, graph embedding into vector spaces has been proposed to obtain approximations of the median graph. The problem with such an approach is how to go from a point in the vector space back to a graph in the graph space. The main contribution of this paper is the generalization of this previ- ous method, proposing a generic recursive procedure that permits to recover the graph corresponding to a point in the vector space, introducing only the amount of approximation inherent to the use of graph matching algorithms. In order to evaluate the proposed method, we compare it with the set me- dian and with the other state-of-the-art embedding-based methods for the median graph computation. The experiments are carried out using four dif- ferent databases (one semi-artificial and three containing real-world data). Results show that with the proposed approach we can obtain better medi- ans, in terms of the sum of distances to the training graphs, than with the previous existing methods.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	IAM @ iam @ FKV2011			Serial	1831
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	Author	Fadi Dornaika; Jose Manuel Alvarez; Angel Sappa; Antonio Lopez
	Title	A New Framework for Stereo Sensor Pose through Road Segmentation and Registration			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems	Abbreviated Journal	TITS
	Volume	12	Issue	4	Pages	954-966
	Keywords	road detection
	Abstract	This paper proposes a new framework for real-time estimation of the onboard stereo head's position and orientation relative to the road surface, which is required for any advanced driver-assistance application. This framework can be used with all road types: highways, urban, etc. Unlike existing works that rely on feature extraction in either the image domain or 3-D space, we propose a framework that directly estimates the unknown parameters from the stream of stereo pairs' brightness. The proposed approach consists of two stages that are invoked for every stereo frame. The first stage segments the road region in one monocular view. The second stage estimates the camera pose using a featureless registration between the segmented monocular road region and the other view in the stereo pair. This paper has two main contributions. The first contribution combines a road segmentation algorithm with a registration technique to estimate the online stereo camera pose. The second contribution solves the registration using a featureless method, which is carried out using two different optimization techniques: 1) the differential evolution algorithm and 2) the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. We provide experiments and evaluations of performance. The results presented show the validity of our proposed framework.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1524-9050	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ DAS2011; ADAS @ adas @ das2011a			Serial	1833
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	Author	Mohammad Rouhani; Angel Sappa
	Title	Implicit Polynomial Representation through a Fast Fitting Error Estimation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2012	Publication	IEEE Transactions on Image Processing	Abbreviated Journal	TIP
	Volume	21	Issue	4	Pages	2089-2098
	Keywords
	Abstract	Impact Factor This paper presents a simple distance estimation for implicit polynomial fitting. It is computed as the height of a simplex built between the point and the surface (i.e., a triangle in 2-D or a tetrahedron in 3-D), which is used as a coarse but reliable estimation of the orthogonal distance. The proposed distance can be described as a function of the coefficients of the implicit polynomial. Moreover, it is differentiable and has a smooth behavior . Hence, it can be used in any gradient-based optimization. In this paper, its use in a Levenberg-Marquardt framework is shown, which is particularly devoted for nonlinear least squares problems. The proposed estimation is a generalization of the gradient-based distance estimation, which is widely used in the literature. Experimental results, both in 2-D and 3-D data sets, are provided. Comparisons with state-of-the-art techniques are presented, showing the advantages of the proposed approach.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1057-7149	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RoS2012b; ADAS @ adas @			Serial	1937
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	Author	M. Visani; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Salvatore Tabbone
	Title	A Protocol to Characterize the Descriptive Power and the Complementarity of Shape Descriptors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal	IJDAR
	Volume	14	Issue	1	Pages	87-100
	Keywords	Document analysis; Shape descriptors; Symbol description; Performance characterization; Complementarity analysis
	Abstract	Most document analysis applications rely on the extraction of shape descriptors, which may be grouped into different categories, each category having its own advantages and drawbacks (O.R. Terrades et al. in Proceedings of ICDAR’07, pp. 227–231, 2007). In order to improve the richness of their description, many authors choose to combine multiple descriptors. Yet, most of the authors who propose a new descriptor content themselves with comparing its performance to the performance of a set of single state-of-the-art descriptors in a specific applicative context (e.g. symbol recognition, symbol spotting...). This results in a proliferation of the shape descriptors proposed in the literature. In this article, we propose an innovative protocol, the originality of which is to be as independent of the final application as possible and which relies on new quantitative and qualitative measures. We introduce two types of measures: while the measures of the first type are intended to characterize the descriptive power (in terms of uniqueness, distinctiveness and robustness towards noise) of a descriptor, the second type of measures characterizes the complementarity between multiple descriptors. Characterizing upstream the complementarity of shape descriptors is an alternative to the usual approach where the descriptors to be combined are selected by trial and error, considering the performance characteristics of the overall system. To illustrate the contribution of this protocol, we performed experimental studies using a set of descriptors and a set of symbols which are widely used by the community namely ART and SC descriptors and the GREC 2003 database.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG; IF 1.091			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @VRT2011			Serial	1856
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	Author	Marcel P. Lucassen; Theo Gevers; Arjan Gijsenij
	Title	Texture Affects Color Emotion			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Color Research & Applications	Abbreviated Journal	CRA
	Volume	36	Issue	6	Pages	426–436
	Keywords	color;texture;color emotion;observer variability;ranking
	Abstract	Several studies have recorded color emotions in subjects viewing uniform color (UC) samples. We conduct an experiment to measure and model how these color emotions change when texture is added to the color samples. Using a computer monitor, our subjects arrange samples along four scales: warm–cool, masculine–feminine, hard–soft, and heavy–light. Three sample types of increasing visual complexity are used: UC, grayscale textures, and color textures (CTs). To assess the intraobserver variability, the experiment is repeated after 1 week. Our results show that texture fully determines the responses on the Hard-Soft scale, and plays a role of decreasing weight for the masculine–feminine, heavy–light, and warm–cool scales. Using some 25,000 observer responses, we derive color emotion functions that predict the group-averaged scale responses from the samples' color and texture parameters. For UC samples, the accuracy of our functions is significantly higher (average R2 = 0.88) than that of previously reported functions applied to our data. The functions derived for CT samples have an accuracy of R2 = 0.80. We conclude that when textured samples are used in color emotion studies, the psychological responses may be strongly affected by texture. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ALTRES;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ LGG2011			Serial	1844
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	Author	Albert Ali Salah; E. Pauwels; R. Tavenard; Theo Gevers
	Title	T-Patterns Revisited: Mining for Temporal Patterns in Sensor Data			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Sensors	Abbreviated Journal	SENS
	Volume	10	Issue	8	Pages	7496-7513
	Keywords	sensor networks; temporal pattern extraction; T-patterns; Lempel-Ziv; Gaussian mixture model; MERL motion data
	Abstract	The trend to use large amounts of simple sensors as opposed to a few complex sensors to monitor places and systems creates a need for temporal pattern mining algorithms to work on such data. The methods that try to discover re-usable and interpretable patterns in temporal event data have several shortcomings. We contrast several recent approaches to the problem, and extend the T-Pattern algorithm, which was previously applied for detection of sequential patterns in behavioural sciences. The temporal complexity of the T-pattern approach is prohibitive in the scenarios we consider. We remedy this with a statistical model to obtain a fast and robust algorithm to find patterns in temporal data. We test our algorithm on a recent database collected with passive infrared sensors with millions of events.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ALTRES;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ SPT2010			Serial	1845
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	Author	Koen E.A. van de Sande; Theo Gevers; C.G.M. Snoek
	Title	Evaluating Color Descriptors for Object and Scene Recognition			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence	Abbreviated Journal	TPAMI
	Volume	32	Issue	9	Pages	1582 - 1596
	Keywords
	Abstract	Impact factor: 5.308 Image category recognition is important to access visual information on the level of objects and scene types. So far, intensity-based descriptors have been widely used for feature extraction at salient points. To increase illumination invariance and discriminative power, color descriptors have been proposed. Because many different descriptors exist, a structured overview is required of color invariant descriptors in the context of image category recognition. Therefore, this paper studies the invariance properties and the distinctiveness of color descriptors (software to compute the color descriptors from this paper is available from http://www.colordescriptors.com) in a structured way. The analytical invariance properties of color descriptors are explored, using a taxonomy based on invariance properties with respect to photometric transformations, and tested experimentally using a data set with known illumination conditions. In addition, the distinctiveness of color descriptors is assessed experimentally using two benchmarks, one from the image domain and one from the video domain. From the theoretical and experimental results, it can be derived that invariance to light intensity changes and light color changes affects category recognition. The results further reveal that, for light intensity shifts, the usefulness of invariance is category-specific. Overall, when choosing a single descriptor and no prior knowledge about the data set and object and scene categories is available, the OpponentSIFT is recommended. Furthermore, a combined set of color descriptors outperforms intensity-based SIFT and improves category recognition by 8 percent on the PASCAL VOC 2007 and by 7 percent on the Mediamill Challenge.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0162-8828	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ALTRES;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ SGS2010			Serial	1846
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	Author	J. Stöttinger; A. Hanbury; N. Sebe; Theo Gevers
	Title	Spars Color Interest Points for Image Retrieval and Object Categorization			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2012	Publication	IEEE Transactions on Image Processing	Abbreviated Journal	TIP
	Volume	21	Issue	5	Pages	2681-2692
	Keywords
	Abstract	Impact factor 2010: 2.92 IF 2011/2012?: 3.32 Interest point detection is an important research area in the field of image processing and computer vision. In particular, image retrieval and object categorization heavily rely on interest point detection from which local image descriptors are computed for image matching. In general, interest points are based on luminance, and color has been largely ignored. However, the use of color increases the distinctiveness of interest points. The use of color may therefore provide selective search reducing the total number of interest points used for image matching. This paper proposes color interest points for sparse image representation. To reduce the sensitivity to varying imaging conditions, light-invariant interest points are introduced. Color statistics based on occurrence probability lead to color boosted points, which are obtained through saliency-based feature selection. Furthermore, a principal component analysis-based scale selection method is proposed, which gives a robust scale estimation per interest point. From large-scale experiments, it is shown that the proposed color interest point detector has higher repeatability than a luminance-based one. Furthermore, in the context of image retrieval, a reduced and predictable number of color features show an increase in performance compared to state-of-the-art interest points. Finally, in the context of object recognition, for the Pascal VOC 2007 challenge, our method gives comparable performance to state-of-the-art methods using only a small fraction of the features, reducing the computing time considerably.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1057-7149	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ALTRES;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ SHS2012			Serial	1847
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	Author	R. Valenti; N. Sebe; Theo Gevers
	Title	What are you looking at? Improving Visual gaze Estimation by Saliency			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2012	Publication	International Journal of Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal	IJCV
	Volume	98	Issue	3	Pages	324-334
	Keywords
	Abstract	Impact factor 2010: 5.15 Impact factor 2011/12?: 5.36 In this paper we present a novel mechanism to obtain enhanced gaze estimation for subjects looking at a scene or an image. The system makes use of prior knowledge about the scene (e.g. an image on a computer screen), to define a probability map of the scene the subject is gazing at, in order to find the most probable location. The proposed system helps in correcting the fixations which are erroneously estimated by the gaze estimation device by employing a saliency framework to adjust the resulting gaze point vector. The system is tested on three scenarios: using eye tracking data, enhancing a low accuracy webcam based eye tracker, and using a head pose tracker. The correlation between the subjects in the commercial eye tracking data is improved by an average of 13.91%. The correlation on the low accuracy eye gaze tracker is improved by 59.85%, and for the head pose tracker we obtain an improvement of 10.23%. These results show the potential of the system as a way to enhance and self-calibrate different visual gaze estimation systems.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0920-5691	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ALTRES;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ VSG2012			Serial	1848
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