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	Author	Cesar Isaza; Joaquin Salas; Bogdan Raducanu
	Title	Toward the Detection of Urban Infrastructures Edge Shadows			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	12th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6474	Issue	I	Pages	30–37
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper, we propose a novel technique to detect the shadows cast by urban infrastructure, such as buildings, billboards, and traffic signs, using a sequence of images taken from a fixed camera. In our approach, we compute two different background models in parallel: one for the edges and one for the reflected light intensity. An algorithm is proposed to train the system to distinguish between moving edges in general and edges that belong to static objects, creating an edge background model. Then, during operation, a background intensity model allow us to separate between moving and static objects. Those edges included in the moving objects and those that belong to the edge background model are subtracted from the current image edges. The remaining edges are the ones cast by urban infrastructure. Our method is tested on a typical crossroad scene and the results show that the approach is sound and promising.
	Address	Sydney, Australia
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor	eds. Blanc–Talon et al
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-17687-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ACIVS
	Notes	OR;MV			Approved	no
	Call Number	BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ ISR2010			Serial	1458
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	Author	Partha Pratim Roy; Umapada Pal; Josep Llados
	Title	Touching Text Character Localization in Graphical Documents using SIFT			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2010	Publication	Graphics Recognition. Achievements, Challenges, and Evolution. 8th International Workshop, GREC 2009. Selected Papers	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6020	Issue		Pages	199-211
	Keywords	Support Vector Machine; Text Component; Graphical Line; Document Image; Scale Invariant Feature Transform
	Abstract	Interpretation of graphical document images is a challenging task as it requires proper understanding of text/graphics symbols present in such documents. Difficulties arise in graphical document recognition when text and symbol overlapped/touched. Intersection of text and symbols with graphical lines and curves occur frequently in graphical documents and hence separation of such symbols is very difficult. Several pattern recognition and classification techniques exist to recognize isolated text/symbol. But, the touching/overlapping text and symbol recognition has not yet been dealt successfully. An interesting technique, Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), originally devised for object recognition can take care of overlapping problems. Even if SIFT features have emerged as a very powerful object descriptors, their employment in graphical documents context has not been investigated much. In this paper we present the adaptation of the SIFT approach in the context of text character localization (spotting) in graphical documents. We evaluate the applicability of this technique in such documents and discuss the scope of improvement by combining some state-of-the-art approaches.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-13727-3	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RPL2010c			Serial	2408
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	Author	David Augusto Rojas; Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Joost Van de Weijer
	Title	The Impact of Color on Bag-of-Words based Object Recognition			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1549–1553
	Keywords
	Abstract	In recent years several works have aimed at exploiting color information in order to improve the bag-of-words based image representation. There are two stages in which color information can be applied in the bag-of-words framework. Firstly, feature detection can be improved by choosing highly informative color-based regions. Secondly, feature description, typically focusing on shape, can be improved with a color description of the local patches. Although both approaches have been shown to improve results the combined merits have not yet been analyzed. Therefore, in this paper we investigate the combined contribution of color to both the feature detection and extraction stages. Experiments performed on two challenging data sets, namely Flower and Pascal VOC 2009; clearly demonstrate that incorporating color in both feature detection and extraction significantly improves the overall performance.
	Address	Istanbul (Turkey)
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-4651	ISBN	978-1-4244-7542-1	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICPR
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	CAT @ cat @ RKW2010			Serial	1415
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	Author	N. Serrano; L. Tarazon; D. Perez; Oriol Ramos Terrades; S. Juan
	Title	The GIDOC Prototype			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	10th International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Information Systems	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	82-89
	Keywords
	Abstract	Transcription of handwritten text in (old) documents is an important, time-consuming task for digital libraries. It might be carried out by first processing all document images off-line, and then manually supervising system transcriptions to edit incorrect parts. However, current techniques for automatic page layout analysis, text line detection and handwriting recognition are still far from perfect, and thus post-editing system output is not clearly better than simply ignoring it. A more effective approach to transcribe old text documents is to follow an interactive- predictive paradigm in which both, the system is guided by the user, and the user is assisted by the system to complete the transcription task as efficiently as possible. Following this approach, a system prototype called GIDOC (Gimp-based Interactive transcription of old text DOCuments) has been developed to provide user-friendly, integrated support for interactive-predictive layout analysis, line detection and handwriting transcription. GIDOC is designed to work with (large) collections of homogeneous documents, that is, of similar structure and writing styles. They are annotated sequentially, by (par- tially) supervising hypotheses drawn from statistical models that are constantly updated with an increasing number of available annotated documents. And this is done at different annotation levels. For instance, at the level of page layout analysis, GIDOC uses a novel text block detection method in which conventional, memoryless techniques are improved with a “history” model of text block positions. Similarly, at the level of text line image transcription, GIDOC includes a handwriting recognizer which is steadily improved with a growing number of (partially) supervised transcriptions.
	Address	Funchal, Portugal
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-989-8425-14-0	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	PRIS
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ STP2010			Serial	1868
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	Author	Albert Ali Salah; E. Pauwels; R. Tavenard; Theo Gevers
	Title	T-Patterns Revisited: Mining for Temporal Patterns in Sensor Data			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Sensors	Abbreviated Journal	SENS
	Volume	10	Issue	8	Pages	7496-7513
	Keywords	sensor networks; temporal pattern extraction; T-patterns; Lempel-Ziv; Gaussian mixture model; MERL motion data
	Abstract	The trend to use large amounts of simple sensors as opposed to a few complex sensors to monitor places and systems creates a need for temporal pattern mining algorithms to work on such data. The methods that try to discover re-usable and interpretable patterns in temporal event data have several shortcomings. We contrast several recent approaches to the problem, and extend the T-Pattern algorithm, which was previously applied for detection of sequential patterns in behavioural sciences. The temporal complexity of the T-pattern approach is prohibitive in the scenarios we consider. We remedy this with a statistical model to obtain a fast and robust algorithm to find patterns in temporal data. We test our algorithm on a recent database collected with passive infrared sensors with millions of events.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ALTRES;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ SPT2010			Serial	1845
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	Author	Lluis Pere de las Heras
	Title	Syntactic Model for Semantic Document Analysis			Type	Report
	Year	2010	Publication	CVC Technical Report	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	158	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ Per2010			Serial	1350
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	Author	Marçal Rusiñol; Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez
	Title	Symbol Spotting in Vectorized Technical Drawings Through a Lookup Table of Region Strings			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Pattern Analysis and Applications	Abbreviated Journal	PAA
	Volume	13	Issue	3	Pages	321-331
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper, we address the problem of symbol spotting in technical document images applied to scanned and vectorized line drawings. Like any information spotting architecture, our approach has two components. First, symbols are decomposed in primitives which are compactly represented and second a primitive indexing structure aims to efficiently retrieve similar primitives. Primitives are encoded in terms of attributed strings representing closed regions. Similar strings are clustered in a lookup table so that the set median strings act as indexing keys. A voting scheme formulates hypothesis in certain locations of the line drawing image where there is a high presence of regions similar to the queried ones, and therefore, a high probability to find the queried graphical symbol. The proposed approach is illustrated in a framework consisting in spotting furniture symbols in architectural drawings. It has been proved to work even in the presence of noise and distortion introduced by the scanning and raster-to-vector processes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer-Verlag	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1433-7541	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	DAG @ dag @ RLS2010			Serial	1165
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	Author	Anjan Dutta
	Title	Symbol Spotting in Graphical Documents by Serialized Subgraph Matching			Type	Report
	Year	2010	Publication	CVC Technical Report	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	159	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Master's thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ Dut2010			Serial	1351
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	Author	Marçal Rusiñol; Josep Llados
	Title	Symbol Spotting in Digital Libraries:Focused Retrieval over Graphic-rich Document Collections			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2010	Publication	Symbol Spotting in Digital Libraries:Focused Retrieval over Graphic-rich Document Collections	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Focused Retrieval , Graphical Pattern Indexation,Graphics Recognition ,Pattern Recognition , Performance Evaluation , Symbol Description ,Symbol Spotting
	Abstract	The specific problem of symbol recognition in graphical documents requires additional techniques to those developed for character recognition. The most well-known obstacle is the so-called Sayre paradox: Correct recognition requires good segmentation, yet improvement in segmentation is achieved using information provided by the recognition process. This dilemma can be avoided by techniques that identify sets of regions containing useful information. Such symbol-spotting methods allow the detection of symbols in maps or technical drawings without having to fully segment or fully recognize the entire content. This unique text/reference provides a complete, integrated and large-scale solution to the challenge of designing a robust symbol-spotting method for collections of graphic-rich documents. The book examines a number of features and descriptors, from basic photometric descriptors commonly used in computer vision techniques to those specific to graphical shapes, presenting a methodology which can be used in a wide variety of applications. Additionally, readers are supplied with an insight into the problem of performance evaluation of spotting methods. Some very basic knowledge of pattern recognition, document image analysis and graphics recognition is assumed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-1-84996-208-7	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	DAG @ dag @ RuL2010a			Serial	1292
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	Author	Marçal Rusiñol; K. Bertet; Jean-Marc Ogier; Josep Llados
	Title	Symbol Recognition Using a Concept Lattice of Graphical Patterns			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2010	Publication	Graphics Recognition. Achievements, Challenges, and Evolution. 8th International Workshop, GREC 2009. Selected Papers	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6020	Issue		Pages	187-198
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper we propose a new approach to recognize symbols by the use of a concept lattice. We propose to build a concept lattice in terms of graphical patterns. Each model symbol is decomposed in a set of composing graphical patterns taken as primitives. Each one of these primitives is described by boundary moment invariants. The obtained concept lattice relates which symbolic patterns compose a given graphical symbol. A Hasse diagram is derived from the context and is used to recognize symbols affected by noise. We present some preliminary results over a variation of the dataset of symbols from the GREC 2005 symbol recognition contest.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-13727-3	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RBO2010			Serial	2407
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	Author	Alicia Fornes; Sergio Escalera; Josep Llados; Ernest Valveny
	Title	Symbol Classification using Dynamic Aligned Shape Descriptor			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1957–1960
	Keywords
	Abstract	Shape representation is a difficult task because of several symbol distortions, such as occlusions, elastic deformations, gaps or noise. In this paper, we propose a new descriptor and distance computation for coping with the problem of symbol recognition in the domain of Graphical Document Image Analysis. The proposed D-Shape descriptor encodes the arrangement information of object parts in a circular structure, allowing different levels of distortion. The classification is performed using a cyclic Dynamic Time Warping based method, allowing distortions and rotation. The methodology has been validated on different data sets, showing very high recognition rates.
	Address	Istanbul (Turkey)
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-4651	ISBN	978-1-4244-7542-1	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICPR
	Notes	DAG; HUPBA; MILAB			Approved	no
	Call Number	BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ FEL2010			Serial	1421
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	Author	David Geronimo; Antonio Lopez; Angel Sappa; Thorsten Graf
	Title	Survey on Pedestrian Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence	Abbreviated Journal	TPAMI
	Volume	32	Issue	7	Pages	1239–1258
	Keywords	ADAS, pedestrian detection, on-board vision, survey
	Abstract	Advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs), and particularly pedestrian protection systems (PPSs), have become an active research area aimed at improving traffic safety. The major challenge of PPSs is the development of reliable on-board pedestrian detection systems. Due to the varying appearance of pedestrians (e.g., different clothes, changing size, aspect ratio, and dynamic shape) and the unstructured environment, it is very difficult to cope with the demanded robustness of this kind of system. Two problems arising in this research area are the lack of public benchmarks and the difficulty in reproducing many of the proposed methods, which makes it difficult to compare the approaches. As a result, surveying the literature by enumerating the proposals one-after-another is not the most useful way to provide a comparative point of view. Accordingly, we present a more convenient strategy to survey the different approaches. We divide the problem of detecting pedestrians from images into different processing steps, each with attached responsibilities. Then, the different proposed methods are analyzed and classified with respect to each processing stage, favoring a comparative viewpoint. Finally, discussion of the important topics is presented, putting special emphasis on the future needs and challenges.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0162-8828	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ GLS2010			Serial	1340
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	Author	David Geronimo; Angel Sappa; Antonio Lopez
	Title	Stereo-based Candidate Generation for Pedestrian Protection Systems			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2010	Publication	Binocular Vision: Development, Depth Perception and Disorders	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	9	Pages	189–208
	Keywords	Pedestrian Detection
	Abstract	This chapter describes a stereo-based algorithm that provides candidate image windows to a latter 2D classification stage in an on-board pedestrian detection system. The proposed algorithm, which consists of three stages, is based on the use of both stereo imaging and scene prior knowledge (i.e., pedestrians are on the ground) to reduce the candidate searching space. First, a successful road surface fitting algorithm provides estimates on the relative ground-camera pose. This stage directs the search toward the road area thus avoiding irrelevant regions like the sky. Then, three different schemes are used to scan the estimated road surface with pedestrian-sized windows: (a) uniformly distributed through the road surface (3D); (b) uniformly distributed through the image (2D); (c) not uniformly distributed but according to a quadratic function (combined 2D-3D). Finally, the set of candidate windows is reduced by analyzing their 3D content. Experimental results of the proposed algorithm, together with statistics of searching space reduction are provided.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	NOVA Publishers	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ GSL2010			Serial	1301
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	Author	Joan Mas; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados
	Title	SSP: Sketching slide Presentations, a Syntactic Approach			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2010	Publication	Graphics Recognition. Achievements, Challenges, and Evolution. 8th International Workshop, GREC 2009. Selected Papers	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6020	Issue		Pages	118-129
	Keywords
	Abstract	The design of a slide presentation is a creative process. In this process first, humans visualize in their minds what they want to explain. Then, they have to be able to represent this knowledge in an understandable way. There exists a lot of commercial software that allows to create our own slide presentations but the creativity of the user is rather limited. In this article we present an application that allows the user to create and visualize a slide presentation from a sketch. A slide may be seen as a graphical document or a diagram where its elements are placed in a particular spatial arrangement. To describe and recognize slides a syntactic approach is proposed. This approach is based on an Adjacency Grammar and a parsing methodology to cope with this kind of grammars. The experimental evaluation shows the performance of our methodology from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. Six different slides containing different number of symbols, from 4 to 7, have been given to the users and they have drawn them without restrictions in the order of the elements. The quantitative results give an idea on how suitable is our methodology to describe and recognize the different elements in a slide.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-13727-3	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	GREC
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	MSL2010			Serial	2405
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	Author	Simone Balocco; Carlo Gatta; Oriol Pujol; J. Mauri; Petia Radeva
	Title	SRBF: Speckle Reducing Bilateral Filtering			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology	Abbreviated Journal	UMB
	Volume	36	Issue	8	Pages	1353-1363
	Keywords
	Abstract	Speckle noise negatively affects medical ultrasound image shape interpretation and boundary detection. Speckle removal filters are widely used to selectively remove speckle noise without destroying important image features to enhance object boundaries. In this article, a fully automatic bilateral filter tailored to ultrasound images is proposed. The edge preservation property is obtained by embedding noise statistics in the filter framework. Consequently, the filter is able to tackle the multiplicative behavior modulating the smoothing strength with respect to local statistics. The in silico experiments clearly showed that the speckle reducing bilateral filter (SRBF) has superior performances to most of the state of the art filtering methods. The filter is tested on 50 in vivo US images and its influence on a segmentation task is quantified. The results using SRBF filtered data sets show a superior performance to using oriented anisotropic diffusion filtered images. This improvement is due to the adaptive support of SRBF and the embedded noise statistics, yielding a more homogeneous smoothing. SRBF results in a fully automatic, fast and flexible algorithm potentially suitable in wide ranges of speckle noise sizes, for different medical applications (IVUS, B-mode, 3-D matrix array US).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MILAB;HUPBA			Approved	no
	Call Number	BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ BGP2010			Serial	1314
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