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David Masip, M. Bressan, & Jordi Vitria. (2005). Feature extraction methods for real-time face detection and classification. Eurasip Journal on Applied Signal Processing, 13: 2061–2071.
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David Masip, & Jordi Vitria. (2005). Feature Extraction for Nearest Neighbor Classification. Application to Gender Recognition. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 20(5): 561–576 (IF: 0.657).
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Bogdan Raducanu, & Jordi Vitria. (2008). Face Recognition by Artificial Vision Systems: A Cognitive Perspective. IJPRAI - International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 899–913.
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Zhong Jin, Zhen Lou, Jing-Yu Yang, & Quan-sen Sun. (2007). Face Detection using Template Matching and Skin-color Information. Neurocomputing, 70(4–6): 794–800.
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Fadi Dornaika, & Angel Sappa. (2008). Evaluation of an Appearance-based 3D Face Tracker using Dense 3D Data. Machine Vision and Applications, 427–441.
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Diego Velazquez, Pau Rodriguez, Alexandre Lacoste, Issam H. Laradji, Xavier Roca, & Jordi Gonzalez. (2023). Evaluating Counterfactual Explainers. TMLR - Transactions on Machine Learning Research.
Abstract: Explainability methods have been widely used to provide insight into the decisions made by statistical models, thus facilitating their adoption in various domains within the industry. Counterfactual explanation methods aim to improve our understanding of a model by perturbing samples in a way that would alter its response in an unexpected manner. This information is helpful for users and for machine learning practitioners to understand and improve their models. Given the value provided by counterfactual explanations, there is a growing interest in the research community to investigate and propose new methods. However, we identify two issues that could hinder the progress in this field. (1) Existing metrics do not accurately reflect the value of an explainability method for the users. (2) Comparisons between methods are usually performed with datasets like CelebA, where images are annotated with attributes that do not fully describe them and with subjective attributes such as ``Attractive''. In this work, we address these problems by proposing an evaluation method with a principled metric to evaluate and compare different counterfactual explanation methods. The evaluation method is based on a synthetic dataset where images are fully described by their annotated attributes. As a result, we are able to perform a fair comparison of multiple explainability methods in the recent literature, obtaining insights about their performance. We make the code public for the benefit of the research community.
Keywords: Explainability; Counterfactuals; XAI
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Robert Benavente, Maria Vanrell, & Ramon Baldrich. (2004). Estimation of Fuzzy Sets for Computational Colour Categorization. Color Research and Application, 29(5):342–353 (IF: 0.739).
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Juan Ramon Terven Salinas, Joaquin Salas, & Bogdan Raducanu. (2013). Estado del Arte en Sistemas de Vision Artificial para Personas Invidentes. KS - Komputer Sapiens, 20–25.
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Jian Yang, Zhong Jin, Jing-Yu Yang, David Zhang, & Alejandro F. Frangi. (2004). Essence of kernel Fisher discriminant: KPCA plus LDA. Pattern Recognition, 37(10): 2097–2100 (IF: 2.176).
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Oriol Rodriguez-Leor, E. Fernandez-Nofrerias, J. Mauri, C. Garcia, R. Villuendas, V. Valle, et al. (2003). Empirical simulation model of intravascular ultrasound. European Heart Journal (IF: 5.997), ESC Congress 2003.
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A. Toet, M. Henselmans, M.P. Lucassen, & Theo Gevers. (2011). Emotional effects of dynamic textures. iPER - i-Perception, 969 – 991.
Abstract: This study explores the effects of various spatiotemporal dynamic texture characteristics on human emotions. The emotional experience of auditory (eg, music) and haptic repetitive patterns has been studied extensively. In contrast, the emotional experience of visual dynamic textures is still largely unknown, despite their natural ubiquity and increasing use in digital media. Participants watched a set of dynamic textures, representing either water or various different media, and self-reported their emotional experience. Motion complexity was found to have mildly relaxing and nondominant effects. In contrast, motion change complexity was found to be arousing and dominant. The speed of dynamics had arousing, dominant, and unpleasant effects. The amplitude of dynamics was also regarded as unpleasant. The regularity of the dynamics over the textures’ area was found to be uninteresting, nondominant, mildly relaxing, and mildly pleasant. The spatial scale of the dynamics had an unpleasant, arousing, and dominant effect, which was larger for textures with diverse content than for water textures. For water textures, the effects of spatial contrast were arousing, dominant, interesting, and mildly unpleasant. None of these effects were observed for textures of diverse content. The current findings are relevant for the design and synthesis of affective multimedia content and for affective scene indexing and retrieval.
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M.A. Garcia, & Angel Sappa. (2004). Efficient Generation of Discontinuity-Preserving Adaptive Triangulations from Range Images. IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (Part B), 34(5):2003–2014 (IF: 1.052).
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Joost Van de Weijer, Theo Gevers, & A. Gijsenij. (2007). Edge-Based Color Constancy. IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, vol. 16(9):2207–2214.
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A. Restrepo, Angel Sappa, & M. Devy. (2005). Edge registration versus triangular mesh registration, a comparative study. Signal Processing: Image Communication 20: 853–868 (IF: 1.264).
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Oriol Rodriguez-Leor, J. Mauri, Eduard Fernandez-Nofrerias, M. Gomez, Antonio Tovar, L. Cano, et al. (2002). Ecografia Intracoronaria: Segmentacio Automatica de area de la llum. Revista Societat Catalana de Cardiologia, 42.
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