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Author Antonio Hernandez edit  isbn
openurl 
  Title (up) From pixels to gestures: learning visual representations for human analysis in color and depth data sequences Type Book Whole
  Year 2015 Publication PhD Thesis, Universitat de Barcelona-CVC Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The visual analysis of humans from images is an important topic of interest due to its relevance to many computer vision applications like pedestrian detection, monitoring and surveillance, human-computer interaction, e-health or content-based image retrieval, among others.

In this dissertation we are interested in learning different visual representations of the human body that are helpful for the visual analysis of humans in images and video sequences. To that end, we analyze both RGB and depth image modalities and address the problem from three different research lines, at different levels of abstraction; from pixels to gestures: human segmentation, human pose estimation and gesture recognition.

First, we show how binary segmentation (object vs. background) of the human body in image sequences is helpful to remove all the background clutter present in the scene. The presented method, based on Graph cuts optimization, enforces spatio-temporal consistency of the produced segmentation masks among consecutive frames. Secondly, we present a framework for multi-label segmentation for obtaining much more detailed segmentation masks: instead of just obtaining a binary representation separating the human body from the background, finer segmentation masks can be obtained separating the different body parts.

At a higher level of abstraction, we aim for a simpler yet descriptive representation of the human body. Human pose estimation methods usually rely on skeletal models of the human body, formed by segments (or rectangles) that represent the body limbs, appropriately connected following the kinematic constraints of the human body. In practice, such skeletal models must fulfill some constraints in order to allow for efficient inference, while actually limiting the expressiveness of the model. In order to cope with this, we introduce a top-down approach for predicting the position of the body parts in the model, using a mid-level part representation based on Poselets.

Finally, we propose a framework for gesture recognition based on the bag of visual words framework. We leverage the benefits of RGB and depth image modalities by combining modality-specific visual vocabularies in a late fusion fashion. A new rotation-variant depth descriptor is presented, yielding better results than other state-of-the-art descriptors. Moreover, spatio-temporal pyramids are used to encode rough spatial and temporal structure. In addition, we present a probabilistic reformulation of Dynamic Time Warping for gesture segmentation in video sequences. A Gaussian-based probabilistic model of a gesture is learnt, implicitly encoding possible deformations in both spatial and time domains.
 
  Address January 2015  
  Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis  
  Publisher Ediciones Graficas Rey Place of Publication Editor Sergio Escalera;Stan Sclaroff  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-84-940902-0-2 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes HuPBA;MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Her2015 Serial 2576  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Onur Ferhat; Arcadi Llanza; Fernando Vilariño edit  openurl
  Title (up) Gaze interaction for multi-display systems using natural light eye-tracker Type Conference Article
  Year 2015 Publication 2nd International Workshop on Solutions for Automatic Gaze Data Analysis Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address Bielefeld; Germany; September 2015  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference SAGA  
  Notes MV;SIAI Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ FLV2015b Serial 2676  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Eloi Puertas; Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Generalized Multi-scale Stacked Sequential Learning for Multi-class Classification Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Pattern Analysis and Applications Abbreviated Journal PAA  
  Volume 18 Issue 2 Pages 247-261  
  Keywords Stacked sequential learning; Multi-scale; Error-correct output codes (ECOC); Contextual classification  
  Abstract In many classification problems, neighbor data labels have inherent sequential relationships. Sequential learning algorithms take benefit of these relationships in order to improve generalization. In this paper, we revise the multi-scale sequential learning approach (MSSL) for applying it in the multi-class case (MMSSL). We introduce the error-correcting output codesframework in the MSSL classifiers and propose a formulation for calculating confidence maps from the margins of the base classifiers. In addition, we propose a MMSSL compression approach which reduces the number of features in the extended data set without a loss in performance. The proposed methods are tested on several databases, showing significant performance improvement compared to classical approaches.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer-Verlag Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1433-7541 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes HuPBA;MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PEP2013 Serial 2251  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Victor Ponce; Hugo Jair Escalante; Sergio Escalera; Xavier Baro edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Gesture and Action Recognition by Evolved Dynamic Subgestures Type Conference Article
  Year 2015 Publication 26th British Machine Vision Conference Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 129.1-129.13  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper introduces a framework for gesture and action recognition based on the evolution of temporal gesture primitives, or subgestures. Our work is inspired on the principle of producing genetic variations within a population of gesture subsequences, with the goal of obtaining a set of gesture units that enhance the generalization capability of standard gesture recognition approaches. In our context, gesture primitives are evolved over time using dynamic programming and generative models in order to recognize complex actions. In few generations, the proposed subgesture-based representation
of actions and gestures outperforms the state of the art results on the MSRDaily3D and MSRAction3D datasets.
 
  Address Swansea; uk; September 2015  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference BMVC  
  Notes HuPBA;MV Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PEE2015 Serial 2657  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Gerard Canal; Cecilio Angulo; Sergio Escalera edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Gesture based Human Multi-Robot interaction Type Conference Article
  Year 2015 Publication IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks IJCNN2015 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The emergence of robot applications for nontechnical users implies designing new ways of interaction between robotic platforms and users. The main goal of this work is the development of a gestural interface to interact with robots
in a similar way as humans do, allowing the user to provide information of the task with non-verbal communication. The gesture recognition application has been implemented using the Microsoft’s KinectTM v2 sensor. Hence, a real-time algorithm based on skeletal features is described to deal with both, static
gestures and dynamic ones, being the latter recognized using a weighted Dynamic Time Warping method. The gesture recognition application has been implemented in a multi-robot case.

A NAO humanoid robot is in charge of interacting with the users and respond to the visual signals they produce. Moreover, a wheeled Wifibot robot carries both the sensor and the NAO robot, easing navigation when necessary. A broad set of user tests have been carried out demonstrating that the system is, indeed, a
natural approach to human robot interaction, with a fast response and easy to use, showing high gesture recognition rates.
 
  Address Killarney; Ireland; July 2015  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference IJCNN  
  Notes HuPBA;MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number CAE2015a Serial 2651  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Mikhail Mozerov; Joost Van de Weijer edit  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Global Color Sparseness and a Local Statistics Prior for Fast Bilateral Filtering Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 5842-5853  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The property of smoothing while preserving edges makes the bilateral filter a very popular image processing tool. However, its non-linear nature results in a computationally costly operation. Various works propose fast approximations to the bilateral filter. However, the majority does not generalize to vector input as is the case with color images. We propose a fast approximation to the bilateral filter for color images. The filter is based on two ideas. First, the number of colors, which occur in a single natural image, is limited. We exploit this color sparseness to rewrite the initial non-linear bilateral filter as a number of linear filter operations. Second, we impose a statistical prior to the image values that are locally present within the filter window. We show that this statistical prior leads to a closed-form solution of the bilateral filter. Finally, we combine both ideas into a single fast and accurate bilateral filter for color images. Experimental results show that our bilateral filter based on the local prior yields an extremely fast bilateral filter approximation, but with limited accuracy, which has potential application in real-time video filtering. Our bilateral filter, which combines color sparseness and local statistics, yields a fast and accurate bilateral filter approximation and obtains the state-of-the-art results.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1057-7149 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes LAMP; 600.079;ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MoW2015b Serial 2689  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Victor Campmany; Sergio Silva; Juan Carlos Moure; Antoni Espinosa; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title (up) GPU-based pedestrian detection for autonomous driving Type Abstract
  Year 2015 Publication Programming and Tunning Massive Parallel Systems Abbreviated Journal PUMPS  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Autonomous Driving; ADAS; CUDA; Pedestrian Detection  
  Abstract Pedestrian detection for autonomous driving has gained a lot of prominence during the last few years. Besides the fact that it is one of the hardest tasks within computer vision, it involves huge computational costs. The real-time constraints in the field are tight, and regular processors are not able to handle the workload obtaining an acceptable ratio of frames per second (fps). Moreover, multiple cameras are required to obtain accurate results, so the need to speed up the process is even higher. Taking the work in [1] as our baseline, we propose a CUDA implementation of a pedestrian detection system. Further, we introduce significant algorithmic adjustments and optimizations to adapt the problem to the GPU architecture. The aim is to provide a system capable of running in real-time obtaining reliable results.  
  Address Barcelona; Spain  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title PUMPS  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference PUMPS  
  Notes ADAS; 600.076; 600.082; 600.085 Approved no  
  Call Number ADAS @ adas @ CSM2015 Serial 2644  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Joan M. Nuñez; Jorge Bernal; F. Javier Sanchez; Fernando Vilariño edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title (up) Growing Algorithm for Intersection Detection (GRAID) in branching patterns Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Machine Vision and Applications Abbreviated Journal MVAP  
  Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 387-400  
  Keywords Bifurcation ; Crossroad; Intersection ;Retina ; Vessel  
  Abstract Analysis of branching structures represents a very important task in fields such as medical diagnosis, road detection or biometrics. Detecting intersection landmarks Becomes crucial when capturing the structure of a branching pattern. We present a very simple geometrical model to describe intersections in branching structures based on two conditions: Bounded Tangency condition (BT) and Shortest Branch (SB) condition. The proposed model precisely sets a geometrical characterization of intersections and allows us to introduce a new unsupervised operator for intersection extraction. We propose an implementation that handles the consequences of digital domain operation that,unlike existing approaches, is not restricted to a particular scale and does not require the computation of the thinned pattern. The new proposal, as well as other existing approaches in the bibliography, are evaluated in a common framework for the first time. The performance analysis is based on two manually segmented image data sets: DRIVE retinal image database and COLON-VESSEL data set, a newly created data set of vascular content in colonoscopy frames. We have created an intersection landmark ground truth for each data set besides comparing our method in the only existing ground truth. Quantitative results confirm that we are able to outperform state-of-the-art performancelevels with the advantage that neither training nor parameter tuning is needed.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ;SIAI Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @MBS2015 Serial 2777  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Handwritten Word Spotting by Inexact Matching of Grapheme Graphs Type Conference Article
  Year 2015 Publication 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition ICDAR2015 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 781 - 785  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper presents a graph-based word spotting for handwritten documents. Contrary to most word spotting techniques, which use statistical representations, we propose a structural representation suitable to be robust to the inherent deformations of handwriting. Attributed graphs are constructed using a part-based approach. Graphemes extracted from shape convexities are used as stable units of handwriting, and are associated to graph nodes. Then, spatial relations between them determine graph edges. Spotting is defined in terms of an error-tolerant graph matching using bipartite-graph matching algorithm. To make the method usable in large datasets, a graph indexing approach that makes use of binary embeddings is used as preprocessing. Historical documents are used as experimental framework. The approach is comparable to statistical ones in terms of time and memory requirements, especially when dealing with large document collections.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICDAR  
  Notes DAG; 600.077; 600.061; 602.006 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RLF2015b Serial 2642  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Nuria Cirera; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Hidden Markov model topology optimization for handwriting recognition Type Conference Article
  Year 2015 Publication 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition ICDAR2015 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 626-630  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In this paper we present a method to optimize the topology of linear left-to-right hidden Markov models. These models are very popular for sequential signals modeling on tasks such as handwriting recognition. Many topology definition methods select the number of states for a character model based
on character length. This can be a drawback when characters are shorter than the minimum allowed by the model, since they can not be properly trained nor recognized. The proposed method optimizes the number of states per model by automatically including convenient skip-state transitions and therefore it avoids the aforementioned problem.We discuss and compare our method with other character length-based methods such the Fixed, Bakis and Quantile methods. Our proposal performs well on off-line handwriting recognition task.
 
  Address Nancy; France; August 2015  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICDAR  
  Notes DAG; 600.061; 602.006; 600.077 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ CFL2015 Serial 2639  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Daniel Sanchez; Miguel Angel Bautista; Sergio Escalera edit  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) HuPBA 8k+: Dataset and ECOC-GraphCut based Segmentation of Human Limbs Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Neurocomputing Abbreviated Journal NEUCOM  
  Volume 150 Issue A Pages 173–188  
  Keywords Human limb segmentation; ECOC; Graph-Cuts  
  Abstract Human multi-limb segmentation in RGB images has attracted a lot of interest in the research community because of the huge amount of possible applications in fields like Human-Computer Interaction, Surveillance, eHealth, or Gaming. Nevertheless, human multi-limb segmentation is a very hard task because of the changes in appearance produced by different points of view, clothing, lighting conditions, occlusions, and number of articulations of the human body. Furthermore, this huge pose variability makes the availability of large annotated datasets difficult. In this paper, we introduce the HuPBA8k+ dataset. The dataset contains more than 8000 labeled frames at pixel precision, including more than 120000 manually labeled samples of 14 different limbs. For completeness, the dataset is also labeled at frame-level with action annotations drawn from an 11 action dictionary which includes both single person actions and person-person interactive actions. Furthermore, we also propose a two-stage approach for the segmentation of human limbs. In a first stage, human limbs are trained using cascades of classifiers to be split in a tree-structure way, which is included in an Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) framework to define a body-like probability map. This map is used to obtain a binary mask of the subject by means of GMM color modelling and GraphCuts theory. In a second stage, we embed a similar tree-structure in an ECOC framework to build a more accurate set of limb-like probability maps within the segmented user mask, that are fed to a multi-label GraphCut procedure to obtain final multi-limb segmentation. The methodology is tested on the novel HuPBA8k+ dataset, showing performance improvements in comparison to state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, a baseline of standard action recognition methods for the 11 actions categories of the novel dataset is also provided.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes HuPBA;MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SBE2015 Serial 2552  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Dimosthenis Karatzas; Lluis Gomez; Anguelos Nicolaou; Suman Ghosh; Andrew Bagdanov; Masakazu Iwamura; J. Matas; L. Neumann; V. Ramaseshan; S. Lu ; Faisal Shafait; Seiichi Uchida; Ernest Valveny edit  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) ICDAR 2015 Competition on Robust Reading Type Conference Article
  Year 2015 Publication 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition ICDAR2015 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1156-1160  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICDAR  
  Notes DAG; 600.077; 600.084 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ KGN2015 Serial 2690  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Jean-Christophe Burie; J. Chazalon; M. Coustaty; S. Eskenazi; Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman; M. Mehri; Nibal Nayef; Jean-Marc Ogier; S. Prum; Marçal Rusiñol edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title (up) ICDAR2015 Competition on Smartphone Document Capture and OCR (SmartDoc) Type Conference Article
  Year 2015 Publication 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition ICDAR2015 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1161 - 1165  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Smartphones are enabling new ways of capture,
hence arises the need for seamless and reliable acquisition and
digitization of documents, in order to convert them to editable,
searchable and a more human-readable format. Current stateof-the-art
works lack databases and baseline benchmarks for
digitizing mobile captured documents. We have organized a
competition for mobile document capture and OCR in order to
address this issue. The competition is structured into two independent
challenges: smartphone document capture, and smartphone
OCR. This report describes the datasets for both challenges
along with their ground truth, details the performance evaluation
protocols which we used, and presents the final results of the
participating methods. In total, we received 13 submissions: 8
for challenge-I, and 5 for challenge-2.
 
  Address Nancy; France; August 2015  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICDAR  
  Notes DAG; 600.077; 601.223; 600.084 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BCC2015 Serial 2681  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Lluis Garrido; M.Guerrieri; Laura Igual edit  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Image Segmentation with Cage Active Contours Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 5557 - 5566  
  Keywords Level sets; Mean value coordinates; Parametrized active contours; level sets; mean value coordinates  
  Abstract In this paper, we present a framework for image segmentation based on parametrized active contours. The evolving contour is parametrized according to a reduced set of control points that form a closed polygon and have a clear visual interpretation. The parametrization, called mean value coordinates, stems from the techniques used in computer graphics to animate virtual models. Our framework allows to easily formulate region-based energies to segment an image. In particular, we present three different local region-based energy terms: 1) the mean model; 2) the Gaussian model; 3) and the histogram model. We show the behavior of our method on synthetic and real images and compare the performance with state-of-the-art level set methods.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1057-7149 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GGI2015 Serial 2673  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Mohammad Rouhani; Angel Sappa; E. Boyer edit  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Implicit B-Spline Surface Reconstruction Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 22 - 32  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper presents a fast and flexible curve, and surface reconstruction technique based on implicit B-spline. This representation does not require any parameterization and it is locally supported. This fact has been exploited in this paper to propose a reconstruction technique through solving a sparse system of equations. This method is further accelerated to reduce the dimension to the active control lattice. Moreover, the surface smoothness and user interaction are allowed for controlling the surface. Finally, a novel weighting technique has been introduced in order to blend small patches and smooth them in the overlapping regions. The whole framework is very fast and efficient and can handle large cloud of points with very low computational cost. The experimental results show the flexibility and accuracy of the proposed algorithm to describe objects with complex topologies. Comparisons with other fitting methods highlight the superiority of the proposed approach in the presence of noise and missing data.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1057-7149 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RSB2015 Serial 2541  
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