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Author Razieh Rastgoo; Kourosh Kiani; Sergio Escalera edit  url
openurl 
  Title (down) ZS-GR: zero-shot gesture recognition from RGB-D videos Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Multimedia Tools and Applications Abbreviated Journal MTAP  
  Volume 82 Issue Pages 43781-43796  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Gesture Recognition (GR) is a challenging research area in computer vision. To tackle the annotation bottleneck in GR, we formulate the problem of Zero-Shot Gesture Recognition (ZS-GR) and propose a two-stream model from two input modalities: RGB and Depth videos. To benefit from the vision Transformer capabilities, we use two vision Transformer models, for human detection and visual features representation. We configure a transformer encoder-decoder architecture, as a fast and accurate human detection model, to overcome the challenges of the current human detection models. Considering the human keypoints, the detected human body is segmented into nine parts. A spatio-temporal representation from human body is obtained using a vision Transformer and a LSTM network. A semantic space maps the visual features to the lingual embedding of the class labels via a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model. We evaluated the proposed model on five datasets, Montalbano II, MSR Daily Activity 3D, CAD-60, NTU-60, and isoGD obtaining state-of-the-art results compared to state-of-the-art ZS-GR models as well as the Zero-Shot Action Recognition (ZS-AR).  
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  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RKE2023a Serial 3879  
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Author Dong Wang; Jia Guo; Qiqi Shao; Haochi He; Zhian Chen; Chuanbao Xiao; Ajian Liu; Sergio Escalera; Hugo Jair Escalante; Zhen Lei; Jun Wan; Jiankang Deng edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title (down) Wild Face Anti-Spoofing Challenge 2023: Benchmark and Results Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 6379-6390  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Face anti-spoofing (FAS) is an essential mechanism for safeguarding the integrity of automated face recognition systems. Despite substantial advancements, the generalization of existing approaches to real-world applications remains challenging. This limitation can be attributed to the scarcity and lack of diversity in publicly available FAS datasets, which often leads to overfitting during training or saturation during testing. In terms of quantity, the number of spoof subjects is a critical determinant. Most datasets comprise fewer than 2,000 subjects. With regard to diversity, the majority of datasets consist of spoof samples collected in controlled environments using repetitive, mechanical processes. This data collection methodology results in homogenized samples and a dearth of scenario diversity. To address these shortcomings, we introduce the Wild Face Anti-Spoofing (WFAS) dataset, a large-scale, diverse FAS dataset collected in unconstrained settings. Our dataset encompasses 853,729 images of 321,751 spoof subjects and 529,571 images of 148,169 live subjects, representing a substantial increase in quantity. Moreover, our dataset incorporates spoof data obtained from the internet, spanning a wide array of scenarios and various commercial sensors, including 17 presentation attacks (PAs) that encompass both 2D and 3D forms. This novel data collection strategy markedly enhances FAS data diversity. Leveraging the WFAS dataset and Protocol 1 (Known-Type), we host the Wild Face Anti-Spoofing Challenge at the CVPR2023 workshop. Additionally, we meticulously evaluate representative methods using Protocol 1 and Protocol 2 (Unknown-Type). Through an in-depth examination of the challenge outcomes and benchmark baselines, we provide insightful analyses and propose potential avenues for future research. The dataset is released under Insightface 1 .  
  Address Vancouver; Canada; June 2023  
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  Area Expedition Conference CVPRW  
  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ WGS2023 Serial 3919  
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Author Matthias Eisenmann; Annika Reinke; Vivienn Weru; Minu D. Tizabi; Fabian Isensee; Tim J. Adler; Sharib Ali; Vincent Andrearczyk; Marc Aubreville; Ujjwal Baid; Spyridon Bakas; Niranjan Balu; Sophia Bano; Jorge Bernal; Sebastian Bodenstedt; Alessandro Casella; Veronika Cheplygina; Marie Daum; Marleen de Bruijne edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title (down) Why Is the Winner the Best? Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 19955-19966  
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  Abstract International benchmarking competitions have become fundamental for the comparative performance assessment of image analysis methods. However, little attention has been given to investigating what can be learnt from these competitions. Do they really generate scientific progress? What are common and successful participation strategies? What makes a solution superior to a competing method? To address this gap in the literature, we performed a multi-center study with all 80 competitions that were conducted in the scope of IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021. Statistical analyses performed based on comprehensive descriptions of the submitted algorithms linked to their rank as well as the underlying participation strategies revealed common characteristics of winning solutions. These typically include the use of multi-task learning (63%) and/or multi-stage pipelines (61%), and a focus on augmentation (100%), image preprocessing (97%), data curation (79%), and postprocessing (66%). The “typical” lead of a winning team is a computer scientist with a doctoral degree, five years of experience in biomedical image analysis, and four years of experience in deep learning. Two core general development strategies stood out for highly-ranked teams: the reflection of the metrics in the method design and the focus on analyzing and handling failure cases. According to the organizers, 43% of the winning algorithms exceeded the state of the art but only 11% completely solved the respective domain problem. The insights of our study could help researchers (1) improve algorithm development strategies when approaching new problems, and (2) focus on open research questions revealed by this work.  
  Address Vancouver; Canada; June 2023  
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  Area Expedition Conference CVPR  
  Notes ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ ERW2023 Serial 3842  
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Author Anders Skaarup Johansen; Kamal Nasrollahi; Sergio Escalera; Thomas B. Moeslund edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title (down) Who Cares about the Weather? Inferring Weather Conditions for Weather-Aware Object Detection in Thermal Images Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Applied Sciences Abbreviated Journal AS  
  Volume 13 Issue 18 Pages  
  Keywords thermal; object detection; concept drift; conditioning; weather recognition  
  Abstract Deployments of real-world object detection systems often experience a degradation in performance over time due to concept drift. Systems that leverage thermal cameras are especially susceptible because the respective thermal signatures of objects and their surroundings are highly sensitive to environmental changes. In this study, two types of weather-aware latent conditioning methods are investigated. The proposed method aims to guide two object detectors, (YOLOv5 and Deformable DETR) to become weather-aware. This is achieved by leveraging an auxiliary branch that predicts weather-related information while conditioning intermediate layers of the object detector. While the conditioning methods proposed do not directly improve the accuracy of baseline detectors, it can be observed that conditioned networks manage to extract a weather-related signal from the thermal images, thus resulting in a decreased miss rate at the cost of increased false positives. The extracted signal appears noisy and is thus challenging to regress accurately. This is most likely a result of the qualitative nature of the thermal sensor; thus, further work is needed to identify an ideal method for optimizing the conditioning branch, as well as to further improve the accuracy of the system.  
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  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SNE2023 Serial 3983  
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Author Joakim Bruslund Haurum; Sergio Escalera; Graham W. Taylor; Thomas B. edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title (down) Which Tokens to Use? Investigating Token Reduction in Vision Transformers Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract Since the introduction of the Vision Transformer (ViT), researchers have sought to make ViTs more efficient by removing redundant information in the processed tokens. While different methods have been explored to achieve this goal, we still lack understanding of the resulting reduction patterns and how those patterns differ across token reduction methods and datasets. To close this gap, we set out to understand the reduction patterns of 10 different token reduction methods using four image classification datasets. By systematically comparing these methods on the different classification tasks, we find that the Top-K pruning method is a surprisingly strong baseline. Through in-depth analysis of the different methods, we determine that: the reduction patterns are generally not consistent when varying the capacity of the backbone model, the reduction patterns of pruning-based methods significantly differ from fixed radial patterns, and the reduction patterns of pruning-based methods are correlated across classification datasets. Finally we report that the similarity of reduction patterns is a moderate-to-strong proxy for model performance. Project page at https://vap.aau.dk/tokens.  
  Address Paris; France; October 2023  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICCVW  
  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BET2023 Serial 3940  
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Author Soumya Jahagirdar; Minesh Mathew; Dimosthenis Karatzas; CV Jawahar edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title (down) Watching the News: Towards VideoQA Models that can Read Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract Video Question Answering methods focus on commonsense reasoning and visual cognition of objects or persons and their interactions over time. Current VideoQA approaches ignore the textual information present in the video. Instead, we argue that textual information is complementary to the action and provides essential contextualisation cues to the reasoning process. To this end, we propose a novel VideoQA task that requires reading and understanding the text in the video. To explore this direction, we focus on news videos and require QA systems to comprehend and answer questions about the topics presented by combining visual and textual cues in the video. We introduce the ``NewsVideoQA'' dataset that comprises more than 8,600 QA pairs on 3,000+ news videos obtained from diverse news channels from around the world. We demonstrate the limitations of current Scene Text VQA and VideoQA methods and propose ways to incorporate scene text information into VideoQA methods.  
  Address Waikoloa; Hawai; USA; January 2023  
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  Area Expedition Conference WACV  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ JMK2023 Serial 3899  
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Author Souhail Bakkali; Zuheng Ming; Mickael Coustaty; Marçal Rusiñol; Oriol Ramos Terrades edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title (down) VLCDoC: Vision-Language Contrastive Pre-Training Model for Cross-Modal Document Classification Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 139 Issue Pages 109419  
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  Abstract Multimodal learning from document data has achieved great success lately as it allows to pre-train semantically meaningful features as a prior into a learnable downstream approach. In this paper, we approach the document classification problem by learning cross-modal representations through language and vision cues, considering intra- and inter-modality relationships. Instead of merging features from different modalities into a common representation space, the proposed method exploits high-level interactions and learns relevant semantic information from effective attention flows within and across modalities. The proposed learning objective is devised between intra- and inter-modality alignment tasks, where the similarity distribution per task is computed by contracting positive sample pairs while simultaneously contrasting negative ones in the common feature representation space}. Extensive experiments on public document classification datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and the generalization capacity of our model on both low-scale and large-scale datasets.  
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  ISSN ISSN 0031-3203 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes DAG; 600.140; 600.121 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BMC2023 Serial 3826  
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Author Guillermo Torres; Debora Gil; Antoni Rosell; S. Mena; Carles Sanchez edit  openurl
  Title (down) Virtual Radiomics Biopsy for the Histological Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules – Intermediate Results of the RadioLung Project Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery Abbreviated Journal IJCARS  
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  Notes IAM Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ TGM2023 Serial 3830  
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Author Guillermo Torres; Debora Gil; Antoni Rosell; S. Mena; Carles Sanchez edit  openurl
  Title (down) Virtual Radiomics Biopsy for the Histological Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication 37th International Congress and Exhibition is organized by Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract Pòster  
  Address Munich; Germany; June 2023  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference CARS  
  Notes IAM Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ TGR2023a Serial 3950  
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Author Christian Keilstrup Ingwersen; Artur Xarles; Albert Clapes; Meysam Madadi; Janus Nortoft Jensen; Morten Rieger Hannemose; Anders Bjorholm Dahl; Sergio Escalera edit  url
openurl 
  Title (down) Video-based Skill Assessment for Golf: Estimating Golf Handicap Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Multimedia Content Analysis in Sports Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 31-39  
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  Abstract Automated skill assessment in sports using video-based analysis holds great potential for revolutionizing coaching methodologies. This paper focuses on the problem of skill determination in golfers by leveraging deep learning models applied to a large database of video recordings of golf swings. We investigate different regression, ranking and classification based methods and compare to a simple baseline approach. The performance is evaluated using mean squared error (MSE) as well as computing the percentages of correctly ranked pairs based on the Kendall correlation. Our results demonstrate an improvement over the baseline, with a 35% lower mean squared error and 68% correctly ranked pairs. However, achieving fine-grained skill assessment remains challenging. This work contributes to the development of AI-driven coaching systems and advances the understanding of video-based skill determination in the context of golf.  
  Address Otawa; Canada; October 2023  
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  Area Expedition Conference MMSports  
  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ KXC2023 Serial 3929  
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Author Javier Selva; Anders S. Johansen; Sergio Escalera; Kamal Nasrollahi; Thomas B. Moeslund; Albert Clapes edit  doi
openurl 
  Title (down) Video transformers: A survey Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 45 Issue 11 Pages 12922-12943  
  Keywords Artificial Intelligence; Computer Vision; Self-Attention; Transformers; Video Representations  
  Abstract Transformer models have shown great success handling long-range interactions, making them a promising tool for modeling video. However, they lack inductive biases and scale quadratically with input length. These limitations are further exacerbated when dealing with the high dimensionality introduced by the temporal dimension. While there are surveys analyzing the advances of Transformers for vision, none focus on an in-depth analysis of video-specific designs. In this survey, we analyze the main contributions and trends of works leveraging Transformers to model video. Specifically, we delve into how videos are handled at the input level first. Then, we study the architectural changes made to deal with video more efficiently, reduce redundancy, re-introduce useful inductive biases, and capture long-term temporal dynamics. In addition, we provide an overview of different training regimes and explore effective self-supervised learning strategies for video. Finally, we conduct a performance comparison on the most common benchmark for Video Transformers (i.e., action classification), finding them to outperform 3D ConvNets even with less computational complexity.  
  Address 1 Nov. 2023  
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  Notes HUPBA; no menciona Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SJE2023 Serial 3823  
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Author Mickael Cormier; Andreas Specker; Julio C. S. Jacques; Lucas Florin; Jurgen Metzler; Thomas B. Moeslund; Kamal Nasrollahi; Sergio Escalera; Jurgen Beyerer edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title (down) UPAR Challenge: Pedestrian Attribute Recognition and Attribute-based Person Retrieval – Dataset, Design, and Results Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication 2023 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 166-175  
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  Abstract In civilian video security monitoring, retrieving and tracking a person of interest often rely on witness testimony and their appearance description. Deployed systems rely on a large amount of annotated training data and are expected to show consistent performance in diverse areas and gen-eralize well between diverse settings w.r.t. different view-points, illumination, resolution, occlusions, and poses for indoor and outdoor scenes. However, for such generalization, the system would require a large amount of various an-notated data for training and evaluation. The WACV 2023 Pedestrian Attribute Recognition and Attributed-based Per-son Retrieval Challenge (UPAR-Challenge) aimed to spot-light the problem of domain gaps in a real-world surveil-lance context and highlight the challenges and limitations of existing methods. The UPAR dataset, composed of 40 important binary attributes over 12 attribute categories across four datasets, was extended with data captured from a low-flying UAV from the P-DESTRE dataset. To this aim, 0.6M additional annotations were manually labeled and vali-dated. Each track evaluated the robustness of the competing methods to domain shifts by training on limited data from a specific domain and evaluating using data from unseen do-mains. The challenge attracted 41 registered participants, but only one team managed to outperform the baseline on one track, emphasizing the task's difficulty. This work de-scribes the challenge design, the adopted dataset, obtained results, as well as future directions on the topic.  
  Address Waikoloa; Hawai; USA; January 2023  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference WACVW  
  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ CSJ2023 Serial 3902  
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Author Mohamed Ramzy Ibrahim; Robert Benavente; Daniel Ponsa; Felipe Lumbreras edit  url
openurl 
  Title (down) Unveiling the Influence of Image Super-Resolution on Aerial Scene Classification Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14469 Issue Pages 214–228  
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  Abstract Deep learning has made significant advances in recent years, and as a result, it is now in a stage where it can achieve outstanding results in tasks requiring visual understanding of scenes. However, its performance tends to decline when dealing with low-quality images. The advent of super-resolution (SR) techniques has started to have an impact on the field of remote sensing by enabling the restoration of fine details and enhancing image quality, which could help to increase performance in other vision tasks. However, in previous works, contradictory results for scene visual understanding were achieved when SR techniques were applied. In this paper, we present an experimental study on the impact of SR on enhancing aerial scene classification. Through the analysis of different state-of-the-art SR algorithms, including traditional methods and deep learning-based approaches, we unveil the transformative potential of SR in overcoming the limitations of low-resolution (LR) aerial imagery. By enhancing spatial resolution, more fine details are captured, opening the door for an improvement in scene understanding. We also discuss the effect of different image scales on the quality of SR and its effect on aerial scene classification. Our experimental work demonstrates the significant impact of SR on enhancing aerial scene classification compared to LR images, opening new avenues for improved remote sensing applications.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title LNCS  
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  Area Expedition Conference CIARP  
  Notes MSIAU Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ IBP2023 Serial 4008  
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Author Soumya Jahagirdar; Minesh Mathew; Dimosthenis Karatzas; CV Jawahar edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title (down) Understanding Video Scenes Through Text: Insights from Text-Based Video Question Answering Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract Researchers have extensively studied the field of vision and language, discovering that both visual and textual content is crucial for understanding scenes effectively. Particularly, comprehending text in videos holds great significance, requiring both scene text understanding and temporal reasoning. This paper focuses on exploring two recently introduced datasets, NewsVideoQA and M4-ViteVQA, which aim to address video question answering based on textual content. The NewsVideoQA dataset contains question-answer pairs related to the text in news videos, while M4- ViteVQA comprises question-answer pairs from diverse categories like vlogging, traveling, and shopping. We provide an analysis of the formulation of these datasets on various levels, exploring the degree of visual understanding and multi-frame comprehension required for answering the questions. Additionally, the study includes experimentation with BERT-QA, a text-only model, which demonstrates comparable performance to the original methods on both datasets, indicating the shortcomings in the formulation of these datasets. Furthermore, we also look into the domain adaptation aspect by examining the effectiveness of training on M4-ViteVQA and evaluating on NewsVideoQA and vice-versa, thereby shedding light on the challenges and potential benefits of out-of-domain training.  
  Address Paris; France; October 2023  
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  Area Expedition Conference ICCVW  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ JMK2023 Serial 3946  
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Author Shiqi Yang; Yaxing Wang; Joost Van de Weijer; Luis Herranz; Shangling Jui; Jian Yang edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title (down) Trust Your Good Friends: Source-Free Domain Adaptation by Reciprocal Neighborhood Clustering Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 15883-15895  
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  Abstract Domain adaptation (DA) aims to alleviate the domain shift between source domain and target domain. Most DA methods require access to the source data, but often that is not possible (e.g., due to data privacy or intellectual property). In this paper, we address the challenging source-free domain adaptation (SFDA) problem, where the source pretrained model is adapted to the target domain in the absence of source data. Our method is based on the observation that target data, which might not align with the source domain classifier, still forms clear clusters. We capture this intrinsic structure by defining local affinity of the target data, and encourage label consistency among data with high local affinity. We observe that higher affinity should be assigned to reciprocal neighbors. To aggregate information with more context, we consider expanded neighborhoods with small affinity values. Furthermore, we consider the density around each target sample, which can alleviate the negative impact of potential outliers. In the experimental results we verify that the inherent structure of the target features is an important source of information for domain adaptation. We demonstrate that this local structure can be efficiently captured by considering the local neighbors, the reciprocal neighbors, and the expanded neighborhood. Finally, we achieve state-of-the-art performance on several 2D image and 3D point cloud recognition datasets.  
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  Notes LAMP; MACO Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ YWW2023 Serial 3889  
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