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Author |
Naila Murray |
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Title |
Predicting Saliency and Aesthetics in Images: A Bottom-up Perspective |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2012 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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In Part 1 of the thesis, we hypothesize that salient and non-salient image regions can be estimated to be the regions which are enhanced or assimilated in standard low-level color image representations. We prove this hypothesis by adapting a low-level model of color perception into a saliency estimation model. This model shares the three main steps found in many successful models for predicting attention in a scene: convolution with a set of filters, a center-surround mechanism and spatial pooling to construct a saliency map. For such models, integrating spatial information and justifying the choice of various parameter values remain open problems. Our saliency model inherits a principled selection of parameters as well as an innate spatial pooling mechanism from the perception model on which it is based. This pooling mechanism has been fitted using psychophysical data acquired in color-luminance setting experiments. The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art at the task of predicting eye-fixations from two datasets. After demonstrating the effectiveness of our basic saliency model, we introduce an improved image representation, based on geometrical grouplets, that enhances complex low-level visual features such as corners and terminations, and suppresses relatively simpler features such as edges. With this improved image representation, the performance of our saliency model in predicting eye-fixations increases for both datasets.
In Part 2 of the thesis, we investigate the problem of aesthetic visual analysis. While a great deal of research has been conducted on hand-crafting image descriptors for aesthetics, little attention so far has been dedicated to the collection, annotation and distribution of ground truth data. Because image aesthetics is complex and subjective, existing datasets, which have few images and few annotations, have significant limitations. To address these limitations, we have introduced a new large-scale database for conducting Aesthetic Visual Analysis, which we call AVA. AVA contains more than 250,000 images, along with a rich variety of annotations. We investigate how the wealth of data in AVA can be used to tackle the challenge of understanding and assessing visual aesthetics by looking into several problems relevant for aesthetic analysis. We demonstrate that by leveraging the data in AVA, and using generic low-level features such as SIFT and color histograms, we can exceed state-of-the-art performance in aesthetic quality prediction tasks.
Finally, we entertain the hypothesis that low-level visual information in our saliency model can also be used to predict visual aesthetics by capturing local image characteristics such as feature contrast, grouping and isolation, characteristics thought to be related to universal aesthetic laws. We use the weighted center-surround responses that form the basis of our saliency model to create a feature vector that describes aesthetics. We also introduce a novel color space for fine-grained color representation. We then demonstrate that the resultant features achieve state-of-the-art performance on aesthetic quality classification.
As such, a promising contribution of this thesis is to show that several vision experiences – low-level color perception, visual saliency and visual aesthetics estimation – may be successfully modeled using a unified framework. This suggests a similar architecture in area V1 for both color perception and saliency and adds evidence to the hypothesis that visual aesthetics appreciation is driven in part by low-level cues. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Xavier Otazu;Maria Vanrell |
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CIC |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ Mur2012 |
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2212 |
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Author |
Albert Andaluz |
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Title |
Harmonic Phase Flow: User's guide |
Type |
Manual |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
CVC |
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Abstract |
HPF is a plugin for the computation of clinical scores under Osirix.
This manual provides a basic guide for experienced clinical staff. Chapter 1 provides the theoretical background in which this plugin is based.
Next, in chapter 2 we provide basic instructions for installing and uninstalling this plugin. chapter 3we shows a step-by-step scenario to compute clinical scores from tagged-MRI images with HPF. Finally, in chapter 4 we provide a quick guide for plugin developers |
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Bellaterra, Barcelona (Spain) |
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Corporate Author |
Computer Vision Center |
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CVC |
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Barcelona |
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english |
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english |
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IAM |
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no |
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IAM @ iam @ And2012 |
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1863 |
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Author |
Cesar Isaza; Joaquin Salas; Bogdan Raducanu |
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Title |
Synthetic ground truth dataset to detect shadow cast by static objects in outdoor |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
1st International Workshop on Visual Interfaces for Ground Truth Collection in Computer Vision Applications |
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art. 11 |
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In this paper, we propose a precise synthetic ground truth dataset to study the problem of detection of the shadows cast by static objects in outdoor environments during extended periods of time (days). For our dataset, we have created a virtual scenario using a rendering software. To increase the realism of the simulated environment, we have defined the scenario in a precise geographical location. In our dataset the sun is by far the main illumination source. The sun position during the simulation time takes into consideration factors related to the geographical location, such as the latitude, longitude, elevation above sea level, and precise image capturing day and time. In our simulation the camera remains fixed. The dataset consists of seven days of simulation, from 10:00am to 5:00pm. Images are captured every 10 seconds. The shadows' ground truth is automatically computed by the rendering software. |
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Capri, Italy |
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ACM |
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978-1-4503-1405-3 |
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VIGTA |
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OR;MV |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ ISR2012a |
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2037 |
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Author |
Jose Manuel Alvarez; Felipe Lumbreras; Antonio Lopez; Theo Gevers |
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Title |
Understanding Road Scenes using Visual Cues |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
European Conference on Computer Vision |
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DEMO |
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Florence; Italy |
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ISE |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ ALL2012 |
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2795 |
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Author |
Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman; Thierry Brouard; Jean-Yves Ramel; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Recherche de sous-graphes par encapsulation floue des cliques d'ordre 2: Application à la localisation de contenu dans les images de documents graphiques |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Colloque International Francophone sur l'Écrit et le Document |
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149-162 |
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CIFED |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ LBR2012 |
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2382 |
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Author |
R. de Nijs; Sebastian Ramos; Gemma Roig; Xavier Boix; Luc Van Gool; K. Kühnlenz. |
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Title |
On-line Semantic Perception Using Uncertainty |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems |
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IROS |
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4185-4191 |
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Keywords |
Semantic Segmentation |
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Abstract |
Visual perception capabilities are still highly unreliable in unconstrained settings, and solutions might not beaccurate in all regions of an image. Awareness of the uncertainty of perception is a fundamental requirement for proper high level decision making in a robotic system. Yet, the uncertainty measure is often sacrificed to account for dependencies between object/region classifiers. This is the case of Conditional Random Fields (CRFs), the success of which stems from their ability to infer the most likely world configuration, but they do not directly allow to estimate the uncertainty of the solution. In this paper, we consider the setting of assigning semantic labels to the pixels of an image sequence. Instead of using a CRF, we employ a Perturb-and-MAP Random Field, a recently introduced probabilistic model that allows performing fast approximate sampling from its probability density function. This allows to effectively compute the uncertainty of the solution, indicating the reliability of the most likely labeling in each region of the image. We report results on the CamVid dataset, a standard benchmark for semantic labeling of urban image sequences. In our experiments, we show the benefits of exploiting the uncertainty by putting more computational effort on the regions of the image that are less reliable, and use more efficient techniques for other regions, showing little decrease of performance |
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IROS |
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ADAS |
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no |
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ADAS @ adas @ NRR2012 |
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2378 |
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Author |
Xavier Boix; Josep M. Gonfaus; Joost Van de Weijer; Andrew Bagdanov; Joan Serrat; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Harmony Potentials: Fusing Global and Local Scale for Semantic Image Segmentation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
International Journal of Computer Vision |
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IJCV |
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96 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
83-102 |
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Abstract |
The Hierarchical Conditional Random Field(HCRF) model have been successfully applied to a number of image labeling problems, including image segmentation. However, existing HCRF models of image segmentation do not allow multiple classes to be assigned to a single region, which limits their ability to incorporate contextual information across multiple scales.
At higher scales in the image, this representation yields an oversimplied model since multiple classes can be reasonably expected to appear within large regions. This simplied model particularly limits the impact of information at higher scales. Since class-label information at these scales is usually more reliable than at lower, noisier scales, neglecting this information is undesirable. To
address these issues, we propose a new consistency potential for image labeling problems, which we call the harmony potential. It can encode any possible combi-
nation of labels, penalizing only unlikely combinations of classes. We also propose an eective sampling strategy over this expanded label set that renders tractable the underlying optimization problem. Our approach obtains state-of-the-art results on two challenging, standard benchmark datasets for semantic image segmentation: PASCAL VOC 2010, and MSRC-21. |
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0920-5691 |
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ISE;CIC;ADAS |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ BGW2012 |
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1718 |
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Author |
Noha Elfiky; Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Joost Van de Weijer; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Discriminative Compact Pyramids for Object and Scene Recognition |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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45 |
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4 |
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1627-1636 |
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Spatial pyramids have been successfully applied to incorporating spatial information into bag-of-words based image representation. However, a major drawback is that it leads to high dimensional image representations. In this paper, we present a novel framework for obtaining compact pyramid representation. First, we investigate the usage of the divisive information theoretic feature clustering (DITC) algorithm in creating a compact pyramid representation. In many cases this method allows us to reduce the size of a high dimensional pyramid representation up to an order of magnitude with little or no loss in accuracy. Furthermore, comparison to clustering based on agglomerative information bottleneck (AIB) shows that our method obtains superior results at significantly lower computational costs. Moreover, we investigate the optimal combination of multiple features in the context of our compact pyramid representation. Finally, experiments show that the method can obtain state-of-the-art results on several challenging data sets. |
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0031-3203 |
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Notes |
ISE; CAT;CIC |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ EKW2012 |
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1807 |
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Author |
Susana Alvarez; Anna Salvatella; Maria Vanrell; Xavier Otazu |
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Title |
Low-dimensional and Comprehensive Color Texture Description |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Computer Vision and Image Understanding |
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CVIU |
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116 |
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I |
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54-67 |
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Image retrieval can be dealt by combining standard descriptors, such as those of MPEG-7, which are defined independently for each visual cue (e.g. SCD or CLD for Color, HTD for texture or EHD for edges).
A common problem is to combine similarities coming from descriptors representing different concepts in different spaces. In this paper we propose a color texture description that bypasses this problem from its inherent definition. It is based on a low dimensional space with 6 perceptual axes. Texture is described in a 3D space derived from a direct implementation of the original Julesz’s Texton theory and color is described in a 3D perceptual space. This early fusion through the blob concept in these two bounded spaces avoids the problem and allows us to derive a sparse color-texture descriptor that achieves similar performance compared to MPEG-7 in image retrieval. Moreover, our descriptor presents comprehensive qualities since it can also be applied either in segmentation or browsing: (a) a dense image representation is defined from the descriptor showing a reasonable performance in locating texture patterns included in complex images; and (b) a vocabulary of basic terms is derived to build an intermediate level descriptor in natural language improving browsing by bridging semantic gap |
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1077-3142 |
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CAT;CIC |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ ASV2012 |
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1827 |
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Author |
Sergio Vera; Debora Gil; Antonio Lopez; Miguel Angel Gonzalez Ballester |
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Title |
Multilocal Creaseness Measure |
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Journal |
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2012 |
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The Insight Journal |
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IJ |
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Ridges, Valley, Creaseness, Structure Tensor, Skeleton, |
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This document describes the implementation using the Insight Toolkit of an algorithm for detecting creases (ridges and valleys) in N-dimensional images, based on the Local Structure Tensor of the image. In addition to the filter used to calculate the creaseness image, a filter for the computation of the structure tensor is also included in this submission. |
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Alma IT Systems |
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english |
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english |
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IAM;ADAS; |
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IAM @ iam @ VGL2012 |
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1840 |
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Michal Drozdzal; Petia Radeva; Santiago Segui; Laura Igual; Carolina Malagelada; Fernando Azpiroz; Jordi Vitria |
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System and Method for Improving a Discriminative Model |
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Patent |
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2012 |
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US 61/450,886 |
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Given Imaging |
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US Patent Office |
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MILAB; OR;MV |
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Admin @ si @ DRS2012a |
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1896 |
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Naveen Onkarappa; Sujay M. Veerabhadrappa; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Optical Flow in Onboard Applications: A Study on the Relationship Between Accuracy and Scene Texture |
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Conference Article |
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2012 |
Publication |
4th International Conference on Signal and Image Processing |
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221 |
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257-267 |
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Optical flow has got a major role in making advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) a reality. ADAS applications are expected to perform efficiently in all kinds of environments, those are highly probable, that one can drive the vehicle in different kinds of roads, times and seasons. In this work, we study the relationship of optical flow with different roads, that is by analyzing optical flow accuracy on different road textures. Texture measures such as TeX , TeX and TeX are evaluated for this purpose. Further, the relation of regularization weight to the flow accuracy in the presence of different textures is also analyzed. Additionally, we present a framework to generate synthetic sequences of different textures in ADAS scenarios with ground-truth optical flow. |
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Coimbatore, India |
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1876-1100 |
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978-81-322-0996-6 |
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ICSIP |
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ADAS |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ OVS2012 |
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2356 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Mohammad Rouhani; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Implicit Polynomial Representation through a Fast Fitting Error Estimation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing |
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TIP |
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21 |
Issue |
4 |
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2089-2098 |
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Impact Factor
This paper presents a simple distance estimation for implicit polynomial fitting. It is computed as the height of a simplex built between the point and the surface (i.e., a triangle in 2-D or a tetrahedron in 3-D), which is used as a coarse but reliable estimation of the orthogonal distance. The proposed distance can be described as a function of the coefficients of the implicit polynomial. Moreover, it is differentiable and has a smooth behavior . Hence, it can be used in any gradient-based optimization. In this paper, its use in a Levenberg-Marquardt framework is shown, which is particularly devoted for nonlinear least squares problems. The proposed estimation is a generalization of the gradient-based distance estimation, which is widely used in the literature. Experimental results, both in 2-D and 3-D data sets, are provided. Comparisons with state-of-the-art techniques are presented, showing the advantages of the proposed approach. |
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1057-7149 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ RoS2012b; ADAS @ adas @ |
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1937 |
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Author |
J. Stöttinger; A. Hanbury; N. Sebe; Theo Gevers |
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Title |
Spars Color Interest Points for Image Retrieval and Object Categorization |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
TIP |
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21 |
Issue |
5 |
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2681-2692 |
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Abstract |
Impact factor 2010: 2.92
IF 2011/2012?: 3.32
Interest point detection is an important research area in the field of image processing and computer vision. In particular, image retrieval and object categorization heavily rely on interest point detection from which local image descriptors are computed for image matching. In general, interest points are based on luminance, and color has been largely ignored. However, the use of color increases the distinctiveness of interest points. The use of color may therefore provide selective search reducing the total number of interest points used for image matching. This paper proposes color interest points for sparse image representation. To reduce the sensitivity to varying imaging conditions, light-invariant interest points are introduced. Color statistics based on occurrence probability lead to color boosted points, which are obtained through saliency-based feature selection. Furthermore, a principal component analysis-based scale selection method is proposed, which gives a robust scale estimation per interest point. From large-scale experiments, it is shown that the proposed color interest point detector has higher repeatability than a luminance-based one. Furthermore, in the context of image retrieval, a reduced and predictable number of color features show an increase in performance compared to state-of-the-art interest points. Finally, in the context of object recognition, for the Pascal VOC 2007 challenge, our method gives comparable performance to state-of-the-art methods using only a small fraction of the features, reducing the computing time considerably. |
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1057-7149 |
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ALTRES;ISE |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ SHS2012 |
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1847 |
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Author |
R. Valenti; N. Sebe; Theo Gevers |
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Title |
What are you looking at? Improving Visual gaze Estimation by Saliency |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
International Journal of Computer Vision |
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IJCV |
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98 |
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3 |
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324-334 |
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Abstract |
Impact factor 2010: 5.15
Impact factor 2011/12?: 5.36
In this paper we present a novel mechanism to obtain enhanced gaze estimation for subjects looking at a scene or an image. The system makes use of prior knowledge about the scene (e.g. an image on a computer screen), to define a probability map of the scene the subject is gazing at, in order to find the most probable location. The proposed system helps in correcting the fixations which are erroneously estimated by the gaze estimation device by employing a saliency framework to adjust the resulting gaze point vector. The system is tested on three scenarios: using eye tracking data, enhancing a low accuracy webcam based eye tracker, and using a head pose tracker. The correlation between the subjects in the commercial eye tracking data is improved by an average of 13.91%. The correlation on the low accuracy eye gaze tracker is improved by 59.85%, and for the head pose tracker we obtain an improvement of 10.23%. These results show the potential of the system as a way to enhance and self-calibrate different visual gaze estimation systems. |
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0920-5691 |
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ALTRES;ISE |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ VSG2012 |
Serial |
1848 |
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