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Author |
Carme Julia; Felipe Lumbreras; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
A Factorization-based Approach to Photometric Stereo |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology |
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IJIST |
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21 |
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1 |
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115-119 |
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This article presents an adaptation of a factorization technique to tackle the photometric stereo problem. That is to recover the surface normals and reflectance of an object from a set of images obtained under different lighting conditions. The main contribution of the proposed approach is to consider pixels in shadow and saturated regions as missing data, in order to reduce their influence to the result. Concretely, an adapted Alternation technique is used to deal with missing data. Experimental results considering both synthetic and real images show the viability of the proposed factorization-based strategy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 21, 115–119, 2011. |
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Admin @ si @ JLS2011; ADAS @ adas @ |
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1711 |
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Author |
Jose Seabra; Francesco Ciompi; Oriol Pujol; J. Mauri; Petia Radeva; Joao Sanchez |
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Title |
Rayleigh Mixture Model for Plaque Characterization in Intravascular Ultrasound |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering |
Abbreviated Journal |
TBME |
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58 |
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5 |
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1314-1324 |
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Vulnerable plaques are the major cause of carotid and coronary vascular problems, such as heart attack or stroke. A correct modeling of plaque echomorphology and composition can help the identification of such lesions. The Rayleigh distribution is widely used to describe (nearly) homogeneous areas in ultrasound images. Since plaques may contain tissues with heterogeneous regions, more complex distributions depending on multiple parameters are usually needed, such as Rice, K or Nakagami distributions. In such cases, the problem formulation becomes more complex, and the optimization procedure to estimate the plaque echomorphology is more difficult. Here, we propose to model the tissue echomorphology by means of a mixture of Rayleigh distributions, known as the Rayleigh mixture model (RMM). The problem formulation is still simple, but its ability to describe complex textural patterns is very powerful. In this paper, we present a method for the automatic estimation of the RMM mixture parameters by means of the expectation maximization algorithm, which aims at characterizing tissue echomorphology in ultrasound (US). The performance of the proposed model is evaluated with a database of in vitro intravascular US cases. We show that the mixture coefficients and Rayleigh parameters explicitly derived from the mixture model are able to accurately describe different plaque types and to significantly improve the characterization performance of an already existing methodology. |
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MILAB;HuPBA |
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Admin @ si @ SCP2011 |
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1712 |
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Author |
Ariel Amato; Mikhail Mozerov; Andrew Bagdanov; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Accurate Moving Cast Shadow Suppression Based on Local Color Constancy detection |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
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IEEE Transactions on Image Processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
TIP |
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20 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2954 - 2966 |
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This paper describes a novel framework for detection and suppression of properly shadowed regions for most possible scenarios occurring in real video sequences. Our approach requires no prior knowledge about the scene, nor is it restricted to specific scene structures. Furthermore, the technique can detect both achromatic and chromatic shadows even in the presence of camouflage that occurs when foreground regions are very similar in color to shadowed regions. The method exploits local color constancy properties due to reflectance suppression over shadowed regions. To detect shadowed regions in a scene, the values of the background image are divided by values of the current frame in the RGB color space. We show how this luminance ratio can be used to identify segments with low gradient constancy, which in turn distinguish shadows from foreground. Experimental results on a collection of publicly available datasets illustrate the superior performance of our method compared with the most sophisticated, state-of-the-art shadow detection algorithms. These results show that our approach is robust and accurate over a broad range of shadow types and challenging video conditions. |
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1057-7149 |
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ISE |
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Admin @ si @ AMB2011 |
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1716 |
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Author |
Arjan Gijsenij; Theo Gevers; Joost Van de Weijer |
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Title |
Computational Color Constancy: Survey and Experiments |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
TIP |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2475-2489 |
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Keywords |
computational color constancy;computer vision application;gamut-based method;learning-based method;static method;colour vision;computer vision;image colour analysis;learning (artificial intelligence);lighting |
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Computational color constancy is a fundamental prerequisite for many computer vision applications. This paper presents a survey of many recent developments and state-of-the- art methods. Several criteria are proposed that are used to assess the approaches. A taxonomy of existing algorithms is proposed and methods are separated in three groups: static methods, gamut-based methods and learning-based methods. Further, the experimental setup is discussed including an overview of publicly available data sets. Finally, various freely available methods, of which some are considered to be state-of-the-art, are evaluated on two data sets. |
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1057-7149 |
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ISE;CIC |
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Admin @ si @ GGW2011 |
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1717 |
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Author |
Xavier Boix; Josep M. Gonfaus; Joost Van de Weijer; Andrew Bagdanov; Joan Serrat; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Harmony Potentials: Fusing Global and Local Scale for Semantic Image Segmentation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
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International Journal of Computer Vision |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJCV |
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96 |
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1 |
Pages |
83-102 |
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The Hierarchical Conditional Random Field(HCRF) model have been successfully applied to a number of image labeling problems, including image segmentation. However, existing HCRF models of image segmentation do not allow multiple classes to be assigned to a single region, which limits their ability to incorporate contextual information across multiple scales.
At higher scales in the image, this representation yields an oversimplied model since multiple classes can be reasonably expected to appear within large regions. This simplied model particularly limits the impact of information at higher scales. Since class-label information at these scales is usually more reliable than at lower, noisier scales, neglecting this information is undesirable. To
address these issues, we propose a new consistency potential for image labeling problems, which we call the harmony potential. It can encode any possible combi-
nation of labels, penalizing only unlikely combinations of classes. We also propose an eective sampling strategy over this expanded label set that renders tractable the underlying optimization problem. Our approach obtains state-of-the-art results on two challenging, standard benchmark datasets for semantic image segmentation: PASCAL VOC 2010, and MSRC-21. |
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0920-5691 |
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ISE;CIC;ADAS |
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Admin @ si @ BGW2012 |
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1718 |
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Author |
Olivier Penacchio; C. Alejandro Parraga |
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Title |
What is the best criterion for an efficient design of retinal photoreceptor mosaics? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Perception |
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PER |
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40 |
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Pages |
197 |
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The proportions of L, M and S photoreceptors in the primate retina are arguably determined by evolutionary pressure and the statistics of the visual environment. Two information theory-based approaches have been recently proposed for explaining the asymmetrical spatial densities of photoreceptors in humans. In the first approach Garrigan et al (2010 PLoS ONE 6 e1000677), a model for computing the information transmitted by cone arrays which considers the differential blurring produced by the long-wavelength accommodation of the eye’s lens is proposed. Their results explain the sparsity of S-cones but the optimum depends weakly on the L:M cone ratio. In the second approach (Penacchio et al, 2010 Perception 39 ECVP Supplement, 101), we show that human cone arrays make the visual representation scale-invariant, allowing the total entropy of the signal to be preserved while decreasing individual neurons’ entropy in further retinotopic representations. This criterion provides a thorough description of the distribution of L:M cone ratios and does not depend on differential blurring of the signal by the lens. Here, we investigate the similarities and differences of both approaches when applied to the same database. Our results support a 2-criteria optimization in the space of cone ratios whose components are arguably important and mostly unrelated.
[This work was partially funded by projects TIN2010-21771-C02-1 and Consolider-Ingenio 2010-CSD2007-00018 from the Spanish MICINN. CAP was funded by grant RYC-2007-00484] |
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CIC |
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Admin @ si @ PeP2011a |
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1719 |
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Author |
C. Alejandro Parraga; Olivier Penacchio; Maria Vanrell |
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Title |
Retinal Filtering Matches Natural Image Statistics at Low Luminance Levels |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Perception |
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PER |
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40 |
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96 |
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The assumption that the retina’s main objective is to provide a minimum entropy representation to higher visual areas (ie efficient coding principle) allows to predict retinal filtering in space–time and colour (Atick, 1992 Network 3 213–251). This is achieved by considering the power spectra of natural images (which is proportional to 1/f2) and the suppression of retinal and image noise. However, most studies consider images within a limited range of lighting conditions (eg near noon) whereas the visual system’s spatial filtering depends on light intensity and the spatiochromatic properties of natural scenes depend of the time of the day. Here, we explore whether the dependence of visual spatial filtering on luminance match the changes in power spectrum of natural scenes at different times of the day. Using human cone-activation based naturalistic stimuli (from the Barcelona Calibrated Images Database), we show that for a range of luminance levels, the shape of the retinal CSF reflects the slope of the power spectrum at low spatial frequencies. Accordingly, the retina implements the filtering which best decorrelates the input signal at every luminance level. This result is in line with the body of work that places efficient coding as a guiding neural principle. |
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CIC |
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Admin @ si @ PPV2011 |
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1720 |
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Arjan Gijsenij; Theo Gevers |
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Title |
Color Constancy Using Natural Image Statistics and Scene Semantics |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
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TPAMI |
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33 |
Issue |
4 |
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687-698 |
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Existing color constancy methods are all based on specific assumptions such as the spatial and spectral characteristics of images. As a consequence, no algorithm can be considered as universal. However, with the large variety of available methods, the question is how to select the method that performs best for a specific image. To achieve selection and combining of color constancy algorithms, in this paper natural image statistics are used to identify the most important characteristics of color images. Then, based on these image characteristics, the proper color constancy algorithm (or best combination of algorithms) is selected for a specific image. To capture the image characteristics, the Weibull parameterization (e.g., grain size and contrast) is used. It is shown that the Weibull parameterization is related to the image attributes to which the used color constancy methods are sensitive. An MoG-classifier is used to learn the correlation and weighting between the Weibull-parameters and the image attributes (number of edges, amount of texture, and SNR). The output of the classifier is the selection of the best performing color constancy method for a certain image. Experimental results show a large improvement over state-of-the-art single algorithms. On a data set consisting of more than 11,000 images, an increase in color constancy performance up to 20 percent (median angular error) can be obtained compared to the best-performing single algorithm. Further, it is shown that for certain scene categories, one specific color constancy algorithm can be used instead of the classifier considering several algorithms. |
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0162-8828 |
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Admin @ si @ GiG2011 |
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1724 |
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Author |
Albert Ali Salah; Theo Gevers; Nicu Sebe; Alessandro Vinciarelli |
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Computer Vision for Ambient Intelligence |
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2011 |
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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments |
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JAISE |
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3 |
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3 |
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187-191 |
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Admin @ si @ SGS2011a |
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1725 |
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Author |
Koen E.A. van de Sande; Theo Gevers; Cees G.M. Snoek |
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Empowering Visual Categorization with the GPU |
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2011 |
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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia |
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TMM |
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13 |
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1 |
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60-70 |
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Visual categorization is important to manage large collections of digital images and video, where textual meta-data is often incomplete or simply unavailable. The bag-of-words model has become the most powerful method for visual categorization of images and video. Despite its high accuracy, a severe drawback of this model is its high computational cost. As the trend to increase computational power in newer CPU and GPU architectures is to increase their level of parallelism, exploiting this parallelism becomes an important direction to handle the computational cost of the bag-of-words approach. When optimizing a system based on the bag-of-words approach, the goal is to minimize the time it takes to process batches of images. Additionally, we also consider power usage as an evaluation metric. In this paper, we analyze the bag-of-words model for visual categorization in terms of computational cost and identify two major bottlenecks: the quantization step and the classification step. We address these two bottlenecks by proposing two efficient algorithms for quantization and classification by exploiting the GPU hardware and the CUDA parallel programming model. The algorithms are designed to (1) keep categorization accuracy intact, (2) decompose the problem and (3) give the same numerical results. In the experiments on large scale datasets it is shown that, by using a parallel implementation on the Geforce GTX260 GPU, classifying unseen images is 4.8 times faster than a quad-core CPU version on the Core i7 920, while giving the exact same numerical results. In addition, we show how the algorithms can be generalized to other applications, such as text retrieval and video retrieval. Moreover, when the obtained speedup is used to process extra video frames in a video retrieval benchmark, the accuracy of visual categorization is improved by 29%. |
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Admin @ si @ SGS2011b |
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1729 |
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C. Alejandro Parraga; Jordi Roca; Maria Vanrell |
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Title |
Do Basic Colors Influence Chromatic Adaptation? |
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2011 |
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Journal of Vision |
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VSS |
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11 |
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11 |
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85 |
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Color constancy (the ability to perceive colors relatively stable under different illuminants) is the result of several mechanisms spread across different neural levels and responding to several visual scene cues. It is usually measured by estimating the perceived color of a grey patch under an illuminant change. In this work, we hypothesize whether chromatic adaptation (without a reference white or grey) could be driven by certain colors, specifically those corresponding to the universal color terms proposed by Berlin and Kay (1969). To this end we have developed a new psychophysical paradigm in which subjects adjust the color of a test patch (in CIELab space) to match their memory of the best example of a given color chosen from the universal terms list (grey, red, green, blue, yellow, purple, pink, orange and brown). The test patch is embedded inside a Mondrian image and presented on a calibrated CRT screen inside a dark cabin. All subjects were trained to “recall” their most exemplary colors reliably from memory and asked to always produce the same basic colors when required under several adaptation conditions. These include achromatic and colored Mondrian backgrounds, under a simulated D65 illuminant and several colored illuminants. A set of basic colors were measured for each subject under neutral conditions (achromatic background and D65 illuminant) and used as “reference” for the rest of the experiment. The colors adjusted by the subjects in each adaptation condition were compared to the reference colors under the corresponding illuminant and a “constancy index” was obtained for each of them. Our results show that for some colors the constancy index was better than for grey. The set of best adapted colors in each condition were common to a majority of subjects and were dependent on the chromaticity of the illuminant and the chromatic background considered. |
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1534-7362 |
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CIC |
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Admin @ si @ PRV2011 |
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1759 |
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Author |
Noha Elfiky; Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Joost Van de Weijer; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Discriminative Compact Pyramids for Object and Scene Recognition |
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2012 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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45 |
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4 |
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1627-1636 |
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Spatial pyramids have been successfully applied to incorporating spatial information into bag-of-words based image representation. However, a major drawback is that it leads to high dimensional image representations. In this paper, we present a novel framework for obtaining compact pyramid representation. First, we investigate the usage of the divisive information theoretic feature clustering (DITC) algorithm in creating a compact pyramid representation. In many cases this method allows us to reduce the size of a high dimensional pyramid representation up to an order of magnitude with little or no loss in accuracy. Furthermore, comparison to clustering based on agglomerative information bottleneck (AIB) shows that our method obtains superior results at significantly lower computational costs. Moreover, we investigate the optimal combination of multiple features in the context of our compact pyramid representation. Finally, experiments show that the method can obtain state-of-the-art results on several challenging data sets. |
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0031-3203 |
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ISE; CAT;CIC |
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Admin @ si @ EKW2012 |
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1807 |
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Author |
Sergio Escalera; Alicia Fornes; Oriol Pujol; Josep Llados; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Circular Blurred Shape Model for Multiclass Symbol Recognition |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (Part B) (IEEE) |
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TSMCB |
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41 |
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2 |
Pages |
497-506 |
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Abstract |
In this paper, we propose a circular blurred shape model descriptor to deal with the problem of symbol detection and classification as a particular case of object recognition. The feature extraction is performed by capturing the spatial arrangement of significant object characteristics in a correlogram structure. The shape information from objects is shared among correlogram regions, where a prior blurring degree defines the level of distortion allowed in the symbol, making the descriptor tolerant to irregular deformations. Moreover, the descriptor is rotation invariant by definition. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed descriptor in both the multiclass symbol recognition and symbol detection domains. In order to perform the symbol detection, the descriptors are learned using a cascade of classifiers. In the case of multiclass categorization, the new feature space is learned using a set of binary classifiers which are embedded in an error-correcting output code design. The results over four symbol data sets show the significant improvements of the proposed descriptor compared to the state-of-the-art descriptors. In particular, the results are even more significant in those cases where the symbols suffer from elastic deformations. |
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1083-4419 |
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Notes |
MILAB; DAG;HuPBA |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ EFP2011 |
Serial |
1784 |
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Author |
Xavier Carrillo; E Fernandez-Nofrerias; Francesco Ciompi; Oriol Rodriguez-Leor; Petia Radeva; Neus Salvatella; Oriol Pujol; J. Mauri; A. Bayes |
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Title |
Changes in Radial Artery Volume Assessed Using Intravascular Ultrasound: A Comparison of Two Vasodilator Regimens in Transradial Coronary Intervention |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Invasive Cardiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
JOIC |
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23 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
401-404 |
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Keywords |
radial; vasodilator treatment; percutaneous coronary intervention; IVUS; volumetric IVUS analysis |
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Abstract |
OBJECTIVES:
This study used intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to evaluate radial artery volume changes after intraarterial administration of nitroglycerin and/or verapamil.
BACKGROUND:
Radial artery spasm, which is associated with radial artery size, is the main limitation of the transradial approach in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).
METHODS:
This prospective, randomized study compared the effect of two intra-arterial vasodilator regimens on radial artery volume: 0.2 mg of nitroglycerin plus 2.5 mg of verapamil (Group 1; n = 15) versus 2.5 mg of verapamil alone (Group 2; n = 15). Radial artery lumen volume was assessed using IVUS at two time points: at baseline (5 minutes after sheath insertion) and post-vasodilator (1 minute after drug administration). The luminal volume of the radial artery was computed using ECOC Random Fields (ECOC-RF), a technique used for automatic segmentation of luminal borders in longitudinal cut images from IVUS sequences.
RESULTS:
There was a significant increase in arterial lumen volume in both groups, with an increase from 451 ± 177 mm³ to 508 ± 192 mm³ (p = 0.001) in Group 1 and from 456 ± 188 mm³ to 509 ± 170 mm³ (p = 0.001) in Group 2. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of absolute volume increase (58 mm³ versus 53 mm³, respectively; p = 0.65) or in relative volume increase (14% versus 20%, respectively; p = 0.69).
CONCLUSIONS:
Administration of nitroglycerin plus verapamil or verapamil alone to the radial artery resulted in similar increases in arterial lumen volume according to ECOC-RF IVUS measurements. |
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MILAB;HuPBA |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ CFC2011 |
Serial |
1797 |
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Author |
Bhaskar Chakraborty; Andrew Bagdanov; Jordi Gonzalez; Xavier Roca |
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Title |
Human Action Recognition Using an Ensemble of Body-Part Detectors |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Expert Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
EXSY |
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30 |
Issue |
2 |
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101-114 |
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Human action recognition;body-part detection;hidden Markov model |
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This paper describes an approach to human action recognition based on a probabilistic optimization model of body parts using hidden Markov model (HMM). Our method is able to distinguish between similar actions by only considering the body parts having major contribution to the actions, for example, legs for walking, jogging and running; arms for boxing, waving and clapping. We apply HMMs to model the stochastic movement of the body parts for action recognition. The HMM construction uses an ensemble of body-part detectors, followed by grouping of part detections, to perform human identification. Three example-based body-part detectors are trained to detect three components of the human body: the head, legs and arms. These detectors cope with viewpoint changes and self-occlusions through the use of ten sub-classifiers that detect body parts over a specific range of viewpoints. Each sub-classifier is a support vector machine trained on features selected for the discriminative power for each particular part/viewpoint combination. Grouping of these detections is performed using a simple geometric constraint model that yields a viewpoint-invariant human detector. We test our approach on three publicly available action datasets: the KTH dataset, Weizmann dataset and HumanEva dataset. Our results illustrate that with a simple and compact representation we can achieve robust recognition of human actions comparable to the most complex, state-of-the-art methods. |
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ISE |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ CBG2013 |
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1809 |
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