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Author Yi Xiao; Felipe Codevilla; Akhil Gurram; Onay Urfalioglu; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
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  Title Multimodal end-to-end autonomous driving Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems Abbreviated Journal TITS  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-11  
  Keywords  
  Abstract A crucial component of an autonomous vehicle (AV) is the artificial intelligence (AI) is able to drive towards a desired destination. Today, there are different paradigms addressing the development of AI drivers. On the one hand, we find modular pipelines, which divide the driving task into sub-tasks such as perception and maneuver planning and control. On the other hand, we find end-to-end driving approaches that try to learn a direct mapping from input raw sensor data to vehicle control signals. The later are relatively less studied, but are gaining popularity since they are less demanding in terms of sensor data annotation. This paper focuses on end-to-end autonomous driving. So far, most proposals relying on this paradigm assume RGB images as input sensor data. However, AVs will not be equipped only with cameras, but also with active sensors providing accurate depth information (e.g., LiDARs). Accordingly, this paper analyses whether combining RGB and depth modalities, i.e. using RGBD data, produces better end-to-end AI drivers than relying on a single modality. We consider multimodality based on early, mid and late fusion schemes, both in multisensory and single-sensor (monocular depth estimation) settings. Using the CARLA simulator and conditional imitation learning (CIL), we show how, indeed, early fusion multimodality outperforms single-modality.  
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  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ XCG2020 Serial 3490  
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Author Pau Rodriguez; Diego Velazquez; Guillem Cucurull; Josep M. Gonfaus; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Pay attention to the activations: a modular attention mechanism for fine-grained image recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) IEEE Transactions on Multimedia Abbreviated Journal TMM  
  Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages 502-514  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Fine-grained image recognition is central to many multimedia tasks such as search, retrieval, and captioning. Unfortunately, these tasks are still challenging since the appearance of samples of the same class can be more different than those from different classes. This issue is mainly due to changes in deformation, pose, and the presence of clutter. In the literature, attention has been one of the most successful strategies to handle the aforementioned problems. Attention has been typically implemented in neural networks by selecting the most informative regions of the image that improve classification. In contrast, in this paper, attention is not applied at the image level but to the convolutional feature activations. In essence, with our approach, the neural model learns to attend to lower-level feature activations without requiring part annotations and uses those activations to update and rectify the output likelihood distribution. The proposed mechanism is modular, architecture-independent, and efficient in terms of both parameters and computation required. Experiments demonstrate that well-known networks such as wide residual networks and ResNeXt, when augmented with our approach, systematically improve their classification accuracy and become more robust to changes in deformation and pose and to the presence of clutter. As a result, our proposal reaches state-of-the-art classification accuracies in CIFAR-10, the Adience gender recognition task, Stanford Dogs, and UEC-Food100 while obtaining competitive performance in ImageNet, CIFAR-100, CUB200 Birds, and Stanford Cars. In addition, we analyze the different components of our model, showing that the proposed attention modules succeed in finding the most discriminative regions of the image. Finally, as a proof of concept, we demonstrate that with only local predictions, an augmented neural network can successfully classify an image before reaching any fully connected layer, thus reducing the computational amount up to 10%.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISE; 600.119; 600.098 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RVC2020a Serial 3417  
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Author Lei Kang; Marçal Rusiñol; Alicia Fornes; Pau Riba; Mauricio Villegas edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Unsupervised Adaptation for Synthetic-to-Real Handwritten Word Recognition Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) is still a challenging problem because it must deal with two important difficulties: the variability among writing styles, and the scarcity of labelled data. To alleviate such problems, synthetic data generation and data augmentation are typically used to train HTR systems. However, training with such data produces encouraging but still inaccurate transcriptions in real words. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised writer adaptation approach that is able to automatically adjust a generic handwritten word recognizer, fully trained with synthetic fonts, towards a new incoming writer. We have experimentally validated our proposal using five different datasets, covering several challenges (i) the document source: modern and historic samples, which may involve paper degradation problems; (ii) different handwriting styles: single and multiple writer collections; and (iii) language, which involves different character combinations. Across these challenging collections, we show that our system is able to maintain its performance, thus, it provides a practical and generic approach to deal with new document collections without requiring any expensive and tedious manual annotation step.  
  Address Aspen; Colorado; USA; March 2020  
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  Area Expedition Conference WACV  
  Notes DAG; 600.129; 600.140; 601.302; 601.312; 600.121 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ KRF2020 Serial 3446  
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Author Raul Gomez; Jaume Gibert; Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Exploring Hate Speech Detection in Multimodal Publications Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract In this work we target the problem of hate speech detection in multimodal publications formed by a text and an image. We gather and annotate a large scale dataset from Twitter, MMHS150K, and propose different models that jointly analyze textual and visual information for hate speech detection, comparing them with unimodal detection. We provide quantitative and qualitative results and analyze the challenges of the proposed task. We find that, even though images are useful for the hate speech detection task, current multimodal models cannot outperform models analyzing only text. We discuss why and open the field and the dataset for further research.  
  Address Aspen; March 2020  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference WACV  
  Notes DAG; 600.121; 600.129 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GGG2020a Serial 3280  
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Author Edgar Riba; D. Mishkin; Daniel Ponsa; E. Rublee; G. Bradski edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Kornia: an Open Source Differentiable Computer Vision Library for PyTorch Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract  
  Address Aspen; Colorado; USA; March 2020  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference WACV  
  Notes MSIAU; 600.122; 600.130 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RMP2020 Serial 3291  
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Author Andres Mafla; Sounak Dey; Ali Furkan Biten; Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Fine-grained Image Classification and Retrieval by Combining Visual and Locally Pooled Textual Features Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Text contained in an image carries high-level semantics that can be exploited to achieve richer image understanding. In particular, the mere presence of text provides strong guiding content that should be employed to tackle a diversity of computer vision tasks such as image retrieval, fine-grained classification, and visual question answering. In this paper, we address the problem of fine-grained classification and image retrieval by leveraging textual information along with visual cues to comprehend the existing intrinsic relation between the two modalities. The novelty of the proposed model consists of the usage of a PHOC descriptor to construct a bag of textual words along with a Fisher Vector Encoding that captures the morphology of text. This approach provides a stronger multimodal representation for this task and as our experiments demonstrate, it achieves state-of-the-art results on two different tasks, fine-grained classification and image retrieval.  
  Address Aspen; Colorado; USA; March 2020  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference WACV  
  Notes DAG; 600.121; 600.129 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MDB2020 Serial 3334  
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Author Xavier Soria; Edgar Riba; Angel Sappa edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Dense Extreme Inception Network: Towards a Robust CNN Model for Edge Detection Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract This paper proposes a Deep Learning based edge detector, which is inspired on both HED (Holistically-Nested Edge Detection) and Xception networks. The proposed approach generates thin edge-maps that are plausible for human eyes; it can be used in any edge detection task without previous training or fine tuning process. As a second contribution, a large dataset with carefully annotated edges has been generated. This dataset has been used for training the proposed approach as well the state-of-the-art algorithms for comparisons. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations have been performed on different benchmarks showing improvements with the proposed method when F-measure of ODS and OIS are considered.  
  Address Aspen; USA; March 2020  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference WACV  
  Notes MSIAU; 600.130; 601.349; 600.122 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SRS2020 Serial 3434  
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Author Ajian Liu; Xuan Li; Jun Wan; Yanyan Liang; Sergio Escalera; Hugo Jair Escalante; Meysam Madadi; Yi Jin; Zhuoyuan Wu; Xiaogang Yu; Zichang Tan; Qi Yuan; Ruikun Yang; Benjia Zhou; Guodong Guo; Stan Z. Li edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Cross-ethnicity Face Anti-spoofing Recognition Challenge: A Review Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) IET Biometrics Abbreviated Journal BIO  
  Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 24-43  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Face anti-spoofing is critical to prevent face recognition systems from a security breach. The biometrics community has %possessed achieved impressive progress recently due the excellent performance of deep neural networks and the availability of large datasets. Although ethnic bias has been verified to severely affect the performance of face recognition systems, it still remains an open research problem in face anti-spoofing. Recently, a multi-ethnic face anti-spoofing dataset, CASIA-SURF CeFA, has been released with the goal of measuring the ethnic bias. It is the largest up to date cross-ethnicity face anti-spoofing dataset covering 3 ethnicities, 3 modalities, 1,607 subjects, 2D plus 3D attack types, and the first dataset including explicit ethnic labels among the recently released datasets for face anti-spoofing. We organized the Chalearn Face Anti-spoofing Attack Detection Challenge which consists of single-modal (e.g., RGB) and multi-modal (e.g., RGB, Depth, Infrared (IR)) tracks around this novel resource to boost research aiming to alleviate the ethnic bias. Both tracks have attracted 340 teams in the development stage, and finally 11 and 8 teams have submitted their codes in the single-modal and multi-modal face anti-spoofing recognition challenges, respectively. All the results were verified and re-ran by the organizing team, and the results were used for the final ranking. This paper presents an overview of the challenge, including its design, evaluation protocol and a summary of results. We analyze the top ranked solutions and draw conclusions derived from the competition. In addition we outline future work directions.  
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  Notes HUPBA; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ LLW2020b Serial 3523  
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Author Guillermo Torres; Debora Gil edit  openurl
  Title A multi-shape loss function with adaptive class balancing for the segmentation of lung structures Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery Abbreviated Journal IJCAR  
  Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages S154-55  
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  Notes IAM Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ ToG2020 Serial 3590  
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Author Cesar de Souza; Adrien Gaidon; Yohann Cabon; Naila Murray; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Generating Human Action Videos by Coupling 3D Game Engines and Probabilistic Graphical Models Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) International Journal of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal IJCV  
  Volume 128 Issue Pages 1505–1536  
  Keywords Procedural generation; Human action recognition; Synthetic data; Physics  
  Abstract Deep video action recognition models have been highly successful in recent years but require large quantities of manually-annotated data, which are expensive and laborious to obtain. In this work, we investigate the generation of synthetic training data for video action recognition, as synthetic data have been successfully used to supervise models for a variety of other computer vision tasks. We propose an interpretable parametric generative model of human action videos that relies on procedural generation, physics models and other components of modern game engines. With this model we generate a diverse, realistic, and physically plausible dataset of human action videos, called PHAV for “Procedural Human Action Videos”. PHAV contains a total of 39,982 videos, with more than 1000 examples for each of 35 action categories. Our video generation approach is not limited to existing motion capture sequences: 14 of these 35 categories are procedurally-defined synthetic actions. In addition, each video is represented with 6 different data modalities, including RGB, optical flow and pixel-level semantic labels. These modalities are generated almost simultaneously using the Multiple Render Targets feature of modern GPUs. In order to leverage PHAV, we introduce a deep multi-task (i.e. that considers action classes from multiple datasets) representation learning architecture that is able to simultaneously learn from synthetic and real video datasets, even when their action categories differ. Our experiments on the UCF-101 and HMDB-51 benchmarks suggest that combining our large set of synthetic videos with small real-world datasets can boost recognition performance. Our approach also significantly outperforms video representations produced by fine-tuning state-of-the-art unsupervised generative models of videos.  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.124; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SGC2019 Serial 3303  
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Author Yunan Li; Jun Wan; Qiguang Miao; Sergio Escalera; Huijuan Fang; Huizhou Chen; Xiangda Qi; Guodong Guo edit  url
openurl 
  Title CR-Net: A Deep Classification-Regression Network for Multimodal Apparent Personality Analysis Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) International Journal of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal IJCV  
  Volume 128 Issue Pages 2763–2780  
  Keywords  
  Abstract First impressions strongly influence social interactions, having a high impact in the personal and professional life. In this paper, we present a deep Classification-Regression Network (CR-Net) for analyzing the Big Five personality problem and further assisting on job interview recommendation in a first impressions setup. The setup is based on the ChaLearn First Impressions dataset, including multimodal data with video, audio, and text converted from the corresponding audio data, where each person is talking in front of a camera. In order to give a comprehensive prediction, we analyze the videos from both the entire scene (including the person’s motions and background) and the face of the person. Our CR-Net first performs personality trait classification and applies a regression later, which can obtain accurate predictions for both personality traits and interview recommendation. Furthermore, we present a new loss function called Bell Loss to address inaccurate predictions caused by the regression-to-the-mean problem. Extensive experiments on the First Impressions dataset show the effectiveness of our proposed network, outperforming the state-of-the-art.  
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  Notes HuPBA; no menciona Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ LWM2020 Serial 3413  
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Author Yaxing Wang; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Mix and match networks: multi-domain alignment for unpaired image-to-image translation Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) International Journal of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal IJCV  
  Volume 128 Issue Pages 2849–2872  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper addresses the problem of inferring unseen cross-modal image-to-image translations between multiple modalities. We assume that only some of the pairwise translations have been seen (i.e. trained) and infer the remaining unseen translations (where training pairs are not available). We propose mix and match networks, an approach where multiple encoders and decoders are aligned in such a way that the desired translation can be obtained by simply cascading the source encoder and the target decoder, even when they have not interacted during the training stage (i.e. unseen). The main challenge lies in the alignment of the latent representations at the bottlenecks of encoder-decoder pairs. We propose an architecture with several tools to encourage alignment, including autoencoders and robust side information and latent consistency losses. We show the benefits of our approach in terms of effectiveness and scalability compared with other pairwise image-to-image translation approaches. We also propose zero-pair cross-modal image translation, a challenging setting where the objective is inferring semantic segmentation from depth (and vice-versa) without explicit segmentation-depth pairs, and only from two (disjoint) segmentation-RGB and depth-RGB training sets. We observe that a certain part of the shared information between unseen modalities might not be reachable, so we further propose a variant that leverages pseudo-pairs which allows us to exploit this shared information between the unseen modalities  
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  Notes LAMP; 600.109; 600.106; 600.141; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ WHW2020 Serial 3424  
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Author Khalid El Asnaoui; Petia Radeva edit  url
openurl 
  Title Automatically Assess Day Similarity Using Visual Lifelogs Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) International Journal of Intelligent Systems Abbreviated Journal IJIS  
  Volume 29 Issue Pages 298–310  
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  Abstract Today, we witness the appearance of many lifelogging cameras that are able to capture the life of a person wearing the camera and which produce a large number of images everyday. Automatically characterizing the experience and extracting patterns of behavior of individuals from this huge collection of unlabeled and unstructured egocentric data present major challenges and require novel and efficient algorithmic solutions. The main goal of this work is to propose a new method to automatically assess day similarity from the lifelogging images of a person. We propose a technique to measure the similarity between images based on the Swain’s distance and generalize it to detect the similarity between daily visual data. To this purpose, we apply the dynamic time warping (DTW) combined with the Swain’s distance for final day similarity estimation. For validation, we apply our technique on the Egocentric Dataset of University of Barcelona (EDUB) of 4912 daily images acquired by four persons with preliminary encouraging results.  
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  Notes MILAB; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number AsR2020 Serial 3409  
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Author Asma Bensalah; Jialuo Chen; Alicia Fornes; Cristina Carmona_Duarte; Josep Llados; Miguel A. Ferrer edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Towards Stroke Patients' Upper-limb Automatic Motor Assessment Using Smartwatches. Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare Applications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 12661 Issue Pages 476-489  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Assessing the physical condition in rehabilitation scenarios is a challenging problem, since it involves Human Activity Recognition (HAR) and kinematic analysis methods. In addition, the difficulties increase in unconstrained rehabilitation scenarios, which are much closer to the real use cases. In particular, our aim is to design an upper-limb assessment pipeline for stroke patients using smartwatches. We focus on the HAR task, as it is the first part of the assessing pipeline. Our main target is to automatically detect and recognize four key movements inspired by the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale, which are performed in both constrained and unconstrained scenarios. In addition to the application protocol and dataset, we propose two detection and classification baseline methods. We believe that the proposed framework, dataset and baseline results will serve to foster this research field.  
  Address Virtual; January 2021  
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  Area Expedition Conference ICPRW  
  Notes DAG; 600.121; 600.140; Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BCF2020 Serial 3508  
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Author Raquel Justo; Leila Ben Letaifa; Cristina Palmero; Eduardo Gonzalez-Fraile; Anna Torp Johansen; Alain Vazquez; Gennaro Cordasco; Stephan Schlogl; Begoña Fernandez-Ruanova; Micaela Silva; Sergio Escalera; Mikel de Velasco; Joffre Tenorio-Laranga; Anna Esposito; Maria Korsnes; M. Ines Torres edit  url
openurl 
  Title Analysis of the Interaction between Elderly People and a Simulated Virtual Coach, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication (up) Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing Abbreviated Journal AIHC  
  Volume 11 Issue 12 Pages 6125-6140  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The EMPATHIC project develops and validates new interaction paradigms for personalized virtual coaches (VC) to promote healthy and independent aging. To this end, the work presented in this paper is aimed to analyze the interaction between the EMPATHIC-VC and the users. One of the goals of the project is to ensure an end-user driven design, involving senior users from the beginning and during each phase of the project. Thus, the paper focuses on some sessions where the seniors carried out interactions with a Wizard of Oz driven, simulated system. A coaching strategy based on the GROW model was used throughout these sessions so as to guide interactions and engage the elderly with the goals of the project. In this interaction framework, both the human and the system behavior were analyzed. The way the wizard implements the GROW coaching strategy is a key aspect of the system behavior during the interaction. The language used by the virtual agent as well as his or her physical aspect are also important cues that were analyzed. Regarding the user behavior, the vocal communication provides information about the speaker’s emotional status, that is closely related to human behavior and which can be extracted from the speech and language analysis. In the same way, the analysis of the facial expression, gazes and gestures can provide information on the non verbal human communication even when the user is not talking. In addition, in order to engage senior users, their preferences and likes had to be considered. To this end, the effect of the VC on the users was gathered by means of direct questionnaires. These analyses have shown a positive and calm behavior of users when interacting with the simulated virtual coach as well as some difficulties of the system to develop the proposed coaching strategy.  
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  Notes HuPBA; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ JLP2020 Serial 3443  
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