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Pau Cano; Debora Gil; Eva Musulen |
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Title |
Towards automatic detection of helicobacter pylori in histological samples of gastric tissue |
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Conference Article |
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2023 |
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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging |
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Cartagena de Indias; Colombia; April 2023 |
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ISBI |
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IAM |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ CGM2023 |
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3953 |
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Guillermo Torres; Debora Gil; Antonio Rosell; Sonia Baeza; Carles Sanchez |
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A radiomic biopsy for virtual histology of pulmonary nodules |
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Conference Article |
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2023 |
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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging |
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Cartagena de Indias; Colombia; April 2023 |
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ISBI |
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Admin @ si @ TGR2023b |
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3954 |
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Author |
Jose Elias Yauri |
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Title |
Deep Learning Based Data Fusion Approaches for the Assessment of Cognitive States on EEG Signals |
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2023 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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For millennia, the study of the couple brain-mind has fascinated the humanity in order to understand the complex nature of cognitive states. A cognitive state is the state of the mind at a specific time and involves cognition activities to acquire and process information for making a decision, solving a problem, or achieving a goal.
While normal cognitive states assist in the successful accomplishment of tasks; on the contrary, abnormal states of the mind can lead to task failures due to a reduced cognition capability. In this thesis, we focus on the assessment of cognitive states by means of the analysis of ElectroEncephaloGrams (EEG) signals using deep learning methods. EEG records the electrical activity of the brain using a set of electrodes placed on the scalp that output a set of spatiotemporal signals that are expected to be correlated to a specific mental process.
From the point of view of artificial intelligence, any method for the assessment of cognitive states using EEG signals as input should face several challenges. On the one hand, one should determine which is the most suitable approach for the optimal combination of the multiple signals recorded by EEG electrodes. On the other hand, one should have a protocol for the collection of good quality unambiguous annotated data, and an experimental design for the assessment of the generalization and transfer of models. In order to tackle them, first, we propose several convolutional neural architectures to perform data fusion of the signals recorded by EEG electrodes, at raw signal and feature levels. Four channel fusion methods, easy to incorporate into any neural network architecture, are proposed and assessed. Second, we present a method to create an unambiguous dataset for the prediction of cognitive mental workload using serious games and an Airbus-320 flight simulator. Third, we present a validation protocol that takes into account the levels of generalization of models based on the source and amount of test data.
Finally, the approaches for the assessment of cognitive states are applied to two use cases of high social impact: the assessment of mental workload for personalized support systems in the cockpit and the detection of epileptic seizures. The results obtained from the first use case show the feasibility of task transfer of models trained to detect workload in serious games to real flight scenarios. The results from the second use case show the generalization capability of our EEG channel fusion methods at k-fold cross-validation, patient-specific, and population levels. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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IMPRIMA |
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Aura Hernandez;Debora Gil |
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IAM |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ Yau2023 |
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3962 |
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Author |
Juan Borrego-Carazo; Carles Sanchez; David Castells; Jordi Carrabina; Debora Gil |
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Title |
BronchoPose: an analysis of data and model configuration for vision-based bronchoscopy pose estimation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
CMPB |
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Volume |
228 |
Issue |
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Pages |
107241 |
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Keywords |
Videobronchoscopy guiding; Deep learning; Architecture optimization; Datasets; Standardized evaluation framework; Pose estimation |
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Abstract |
Vision-based bronchoscopy (VB) models require the registration of the virtual lung model with the frames from the video bronchoscopy to provide effective guidance during the biopsy. The registration can be achieved by either tracking the position and orientation of the bronchoscopy camera or by calibrating its deviation from the pose (position and orientation) simulated in the virtual lung model. Recent advances in neural networks and temporal image processing have provided new opportunities for guided bronchoscopy. However, such progress has been hindered by the lack of comparative experimental conditions.
In the present paper, we share a novel synthetic dataset allowing for a fair comparison of methods. Moreover, this paper investigates several neural network architectures for the learning of temporal information at different levels of subject personalization. In order to improve orientation measurement, we also present a standardized comparison framework and a novel metric for camera orientation learning. Results on the dataset show that the proposed metric and architectures, as well as the standardized conditions, provide notable improvements to current state-of-the-art camera pose estimation in video bronchoscopy. |
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Elsevier |
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IAM; |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ BSC2023 |
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3702 |
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Author |
Yael Tudela; Ana Garcia Rodriguez; Gloria Fernandez Esparrach; Jorge Bernal |
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Title |
Towards Fine-Grained Polyp Segmentation and Classification |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Workshop on Clinical Image-Based Procedures |
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14242 |
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32-42 |
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Medical image segmentation; Colorectal Cancer; Vision Transformer; Classification |
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Colorectal cancer is one of the main causes of cancer death worldwide. Colonoscopy is the gold standard screening tool as it allows lesion detection and removal during the same procedure. During the last decades, several efforts have been made to develop CAD systems to assist clinicians in lesion detection and classification. Regarding the latter, and in order to be used in the exploration room as part of resect and discard or leave-in-situ strategies, these systems must identify correctly all different lesion types. This is a challenging task, as the data used to train these systems presents great inter-class similarity, high class imbalance, and low representation of clinically relevant histology classes such as serrated sessile adenomas.
In this paper, a new polyp segmentation and classification method, Swin-Expand, is introduced. Based on Swin-Transformer, it uses a simple and lightweight decoder. The performance of this method has been assessed on a novel dataset, comprising 1126 high-definition images representing the three main histological classes. Results show a clear improvement in both segmentation and classification performance, also achieving competitive results when tested in public datasets. These results confirm that both the method and the data are important to obtain more accurate polyp representations. |
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Vancouver; October 2023 |
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LNCS |
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MICCAIW |
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ISE |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ TGF2023 |
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3837 |
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Author |
Matthias Eisenmann; Annika Reinke; Vivienn Weru; Minu D. Tizabi; Fabian Isensee; Tim J. Adler; Sharib Ali; Vincent Andrearczyk; Marc Aubreville; Ujjwal Baid; Spyridon Bakas; Niranjan Balu; Sophia Bano; Jorge Bernal; Sebastian Bodenstedt; Alessandro Casella; Veronika Cheplygina; Marie Daum; Marleen de Bruijne |
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Title |
Why Is the Winner the Best? |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
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19955-19966 |
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International benchmarking competitions have become fundamental for the comparative performance assessment of image analysis methods. However, little attention has been given to investigating what can be learnt from these competitions. Do they really generate scientific progress? What are common and successful participation strategies? What makes a solution superior to a competing method? To address this gap in the literature, we performed a multi-center study with all 80 competitions that were conducted in the scope of IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021. Statistical analyses performed based on comprehensive descriptions of the submitted algorithms linked to their rank as well as the underlying participation strategies revealed common characteristics of winning solutions. These typically include the use of multi-task learning (63%) and/or multi-stage pipelines (61%), and a focus on augmentation (100%), image preprocessing (97%), data curation (79%), and postprocessing (66%). The “typical” lead of a winning team is a computer scientist with a doctoral degree, five years of experience in biomedical image analysis, and four years of experience in deep learning. Two core general development strategies stood out for highly-ranked teams: the reflection of the metrics in the method design and the focus on analyzing and handling failure cases. According to the organizers, 43% of the winning algorithms exceeded the state of the art but only 11% completely solved the respective domain problem. The insights of our study could help researchers (1) improve algorithm development strategies when approaching new problems, and (2) focus on open research questions revealed by this work. |
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Vancouver; Canada; June 2023 |
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CVPR |
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ISE |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ ERW2023 |
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3842 |
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Author |
Parichehr Behjati; Pau Rodriguez; Carles Fernandez; Isabelle Hupont; Armin Mehri; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Single image super-resolution based on directional variance attention network |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
PR |
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Volume |
133 |
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Pages |
108997 |
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Recent advances in single image super-resolution (SISR) explore the power of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to achieve better performance. However, most of the progress has been made by scaling CNN architectures, which usually raise computational demands and memory consumption. This makes modern architectures less applicable in practice. In addition, most CNN-based SR methods do not fully utilize the informative hierarchical features that are helpful for final image recovery. In order to address these issues, we propose a directional variance attention network (DiVANet), a computationally efficient yet accurate network for SISR. Specifically, we introduce a novel directional variance attention (DiVA) mechanism to capture long-range spatial dependencies and exploit inter-channel dependencies simultaneously for more discriminative representations. Furthermore, we propose a residual attention feature group (RAFG) for parallelizing attention and residual block computation. The output of each residual block is linearly fused at the RAFG output to provide access to the whole feature hierarchy. In parallel, DiVA extracts most relevant features from the network for improving the final output and preventing information loss along the successive operations inside the network. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of DiVANet over the state of the art in several datasets, while maintaining relatively low computation and memory footprint. The code is available at https://github.com/pbehjatii/DiVANet. |
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ISE |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ BPF2023 |
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3861 |
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Author |
Wenjuan Gong; Yue Zhang; Wei Wang; Peng Cheng; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Meta-MMFNet: Meta-learning-based Multi-model Fusion Network for Micro-expression Recognition |
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2023 |
Publication |
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications |
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TMCCA |
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20 |
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2 |
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1–20 |
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Despite its wide applications in criminal investigations and clinical communications with patients suffering from autism, automatic micro-expression recognition remains a challenging problem because of the lack of training data and imbalanced classes problems. In this study, we proposed a meta-learning-based multi-model fusion network (Meta-MMFNet) to solve the existing problems. The proposed method is based on the metric-based meta-learning pipeline, which is specifically designed for few-shot learning and is suitable for model-level fusion. The frame difference and optical flow features were fused, deep features were extracted from the fused feature, and finally in the meta-learning-based framework, weighted sum model fusion method was applied for micro-expression classification. Meta-MMFNet achieved better results than state-of-the-art methods on four datasets. The code is available at https://github.com/wenjgong/meta-fusion-based-method. |
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ISE |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ GZW2023 |
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3862 |
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Author |
Bonifaz Stuhr; Jurgen Brauer; Bernhard Schick; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Masked Discriminators for Content-Consistent Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation |
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Miscellaneous |
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2023 |
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Arxiv |
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A common goal of unpaired image-to-image translation is to preserve content consistency between source images and translated images while mimicking the style of the target domain. Due to biases between the datasets of both domains, many methods suffer from inconsistencies caused by the translation process. Most approaches introduced to mitigate these inconsistencies do not constrain the discriminator, leading to an even more ill-posed training setup. Moreover, none of these approaches is designed for larger crop sizes. In this work, we show that masking the inputs of a global discriminator for both domains with a content-based mask is sufficient to reduce content inconsistencies significantly. However, this strategy leads to artifacts that can be traced back to the masking process. To reduce these artifacts, we introduce a local discriminator that operates on pairs of small crops selected with a similarity sampling strategy. Furthermore, we apply this sampling strategy to sample global input crops from the source and target dataset. In addition, we propose feature-attentive denormalization to selectively incorporate content-based statistics into the generator stream. In our experiments, we show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in photorealistic sim-to-real translation and weather translation and also performs well in day-to-night translation. Additionally, we propose the cKVD metric, which builds on the sKVD metric and enables the examination of translation quality at the class or category level. |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ SBS2023 |
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3863 |
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Author |
Wenwen Fu; Zhihong An; Wendong Huang; Haoran Sun; Wenjuan Gong; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
A Spatio-Temporal Spotting Network with Sliding Windows for Micro-Expression Detection |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Electronics |
Abbreviated Journal |
ELEC |
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12 |
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18 |
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3947 |
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micro-expression spotting; sliding window; key frame extraction |
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Micro-expressions reveal underlying emotions and are widely applied in political psychology, lie detection, law enforcement and medical care. Micro-expression spotting aims to detect the temporal locations of facial expressions from video sequences and is a crucial task in micro-expression recognition. In this study, the problem of micro-expression spotting is formulated as micro-expression classification per frame. We propose an effective spotting model with sliding windows called the spatio-temporal spotting network. The method involves a sliding window detection mechanism, combines the spatial features from the local key frames and the global temporal features and performs micro-expression spotting. The experiments are conducted on the CAS(ME)2 database and the SAMM Long Videos database, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art method by 30.58% for the CAS(ME)2 and 23.98% for the SAMM Long Videos according to overall F-scores. |
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ISE |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ FAH2023 |
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3864 |
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Author |
Diego Velazquez; Pau Rodriguez; Alexandre Lacoste; Issam H. Laradji; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Evaluating Counterfactual Explainers |
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2023 |
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Transactions on Machine Learning Research |
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TMLR |
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Explainability; Counterfactuals; XAI |
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Explainability methods have been widely used to provide insight into the decisions made by statistical models, thus facilitating their adoption in various domains within the industry. Counterfactual explanation methods aim to improve our understanding of a model by perturbing samples in a way that would alter its response in an unexpected manner. This information is helpful for users and for machine learning practitioners to understand and improve their models. Given the value provided by counterfactual explanations, there is a growing interest in the research community to investigate and propose new methods. However, we identify two issues that could hinder the progress in this field. (1) Existing metrics do not accurately reflect the value of an explainability method for the users. (2) Comparisons between methods are usually performed with datasets like CelebA, where images are annotated with attributes that do not fully describe them and with subjective attributes such as ``Attractive''. In this work, we address these problems by proposing an evaluation method with a principled metric to evaluate and compare different counterfactual explanation methods. The evaluation method is based on a synthetic dataset where images are fully described by their annotated attributes. As a result, we are able to perform a fair comparison of multiple explainability methods in the recent literature, obtaining insights about their performance. We make the code public for the benefit of the research community. |
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Admin @ si @ VRL2023 |
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3891 |
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Author |
Diego Velazquez |
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Towards Robustness in Computer-based Image Understanding |
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2023 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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This thesis embarks on an exploratory journey into robustness in deep learning,
with a keen focus on the intertwining facets of generalization, explainability, and
edge cases within the realm of computer vision. In deep learning, robustness
epitomizes a model’s resilience and flexibility, grounded on its capacity to generalize across diverse data distributions, explain its predictions transparently, and navigate the intricacies of edge cases effectively. The challenges associated with robust generalization are multifaceted, encompassing the model’s performance on unseen data and its defense against out-of-distribution data and adversarial attacks. Bridging this gap, the potential of Embedding Propagation (EP) for improving out-of-distribution generalization is explored. EP is depicted as a powerful tool facilitating manifold smoothing, which in turn fortifies the model’s robustness against adversarial onslaughts and bolsters performance in few-shot and self-/semi-supervised learning scenarios. In the labyrinth of deep learning models, the path to robustness often intersects with explainability. As model complexity increases, so does the urgency to decipher their decision-making
processes. Acknowledging this, the thesis introduces a robust framework for
evaluating and comparing various counterfactual explanation methods, echoing
the imperative of explanation quality over quantity and spotlighting the intricacies of diversifying explanations. Simultaneously, the deep learning landscape is fraught with edge cases – anomalies in the form of small objects or rare instances in object detection tasks that defy the norm. Confronting this, the
thesis presents an extension of the DETR (DEtection TRansformer) model to enhance small object detection. The devised DETR-FP, embedding the Feature Pyramid technique, demonstrating improvement in small objects detection accuracy, albeit facing challenges like high computational costs. With emergence of foundation models in mind, the thesis unveils EarthView, the largest scale remote sensing dataset to date, built for the self-supervised learning of a robust foundational model for remote sensing. Collectively, these studies contribute to the grand narrative of robustness in deep learning, weaving together the strands of generalization, explainability, and edge case performance. Through these methodological advancements and novel datasets, the thesis calls for continued exploration, innovation, and refinement to fortify the bastion of robust computer vision. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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IMPRIMA |
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Jordi Gonzalez;Josep M. Gonfaus;Pau Rodriguez |
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978-81-126409-5-3 |
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ISE |
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Admin @ si @ Vel2023 |
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3965 |
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Author |
Bonifaz Stuhr |
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Title |
Towards Unsupervised Representation Learning: Learning, Evaluating and Transferring Visual Representations |
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2023 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Unsupervised representation learning aims at finding methods that learn representations from data without annotation-based signals. Abstaining from annotations not only leads to economic benefits but may – and to some extent already does – result in advantages regarding the representation’s structure, robustness, and generalizability to different tasks. In the long run, unsupervised methods are expected to surpass their supervised counterparts due to the reduction of human intervention and the inherently more general setup that does not bias the optimization towards an objective originating from specific annotation-based signals. While major advantages of unsupervised representation learning have been recently observed in natural language processing, supervised methods still dominate in vision domains for most tasks. In this dissertation, we contribute to the field of unsupervised (visual) representation learning from three perspectives: (i) Learning representations: We design unsupervised, backpropagation-free Convolutional Self-Organizing Neural Networks (CSNNs) that utilize self-organization- and Hebbian-based learning rules to learn convolutional kernels and masks to achieve deeper backpropagation-free models. Thereby, we observe that backpropagation-based and -free methods can suffer from an objective function mismatch between the unsupervised pretext task and the target task. This mismatch can lead to performance decreases for the target task. (ii) Evaluating representations: We build upon the widely used (non-)linear evaluation protocol to define pretext- and target-objective-independent metrics for measuring the objective function mismatch. With these metrics, we evaluate various pretext and target tasks and disclose dependencies of the objective function mismatch concerning different parts of the training and model setup. (iii) Transferring representations: We contribute CARLANE, the first 3-way sim-to-real domain adaptation benchmark for 2D lane detection. We adopt several well-known unsupervised domain adaptation methods as baselines and propose a method based on prototypical cross-domain self-supervised learning. Finally, we focus on pixel-based unsupervised domain adaptation and contribute a content-consistent unpaired image-to-image translation method that utilizes masks, global and local discriminators, and similarity sampling to mitigate content inconsistencies, as well as feature-attentive denormalization to fuse content-based statistics into the generator stream. In addition, we propose the cKVD metric to incorporate class-specific content inconsistencies into perceptual metrics for measuring translation quality. |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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IMPRIA |
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Editor |
Jordi Gonzalez;Jurgen Brauer |
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978-84-126409-6-0 |
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ISE |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ Stu2023 |
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3966 |
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Author |
Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; Luis Felipe Gonzalez-Böhme; Francisco Valdes; Francisco Javier Quitral Zapata; Bogdan Raducanu |
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Title |
A Hand-Drawn Language for Human–Robot Collaboration in Wood Stereotomy |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
IEEE Access |
Abbreviated Journal |
ACCESS |
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Volume |
11 |
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Pages |
100975 - 100985 |
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This study introduces a novel, hand-drawn language designed to foster human-robot collaboration in wood stereotomy, central to carpentry and joinery professions. Based on skilled carpenters’ line and symbol etchings on timber, this language signifies the location, geometry of woodworking joints, and timber placement within a framework. A proof-of-concept prototype has been developed, integrating object detectors, keypoint regression, and traditional computer vision techniques to interpret this language and enable an extensive repertoire of actions. Empirical data attests to the language’s efficacy, with the successful identification of a specific set of symbols on various wood species’ sawn surfaces, achieving a mean average precision (mAP) exceeding 90%. Concurrently, the system can accurately pinpoint critical positions that facilitate robotic comprehension of carpenter-indicated woodworking joint geometry. The positioning error, approximately 3 pixels, meets industry standards. |
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LAMP |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ AGV2023 |
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3969 |
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Author |
JW Xiao; CB Zhang; J. Feng; Xialei Liu; Joost Van de Weijer; MM Cheng |
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Title |
Endpoints Weight Fusion for Class Incremental Semantic Segmentation |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
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7204-7213 |
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Class incremental semantic segmentation (CISS) focuses on alleviating catastrophic forgetting to improve discrimination. Previous work mainly exploit regularization (e.g., knowledge distillation) to maintain previous knowledge in the current model. However, distillation alone often yields limited gain to the model since only the representations of old and new models are restricted to be consistent. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method to obtain a model with strong memory of old knowledge, named Endpoints Weight Fusion (EWF). In our method, the model containing old knowledge is fused with the model retaining new knowledge in a dynamic fusion manner, strengthening the memory of old classes in ever-changing distributions. In addition, we analyze the relation between our fusion strategy and a popular moving average technique EMA, which reveals why our method is more suitable for class-incremental learning. To facilitate parameter fusion with closer distance in the parameter space, we use distillation to enhance the optimization process. Furthermore, we conduct experiments on two widely used datasets, achieving the state-of-the-art performance. |
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Vancouver; Canada; June 2023 |
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CVPR |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ XZF2023 |
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3854 |
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