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Christophe Rigaud; Clement Guerin; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Jean-Christophe Burie; Jean-Marc Ogier |
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Title |
Knowledge-driven understanding of images in comic books |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJDAR |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue  |
3 |
Pages |
199-221 |
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Keywords |
Document Understanding; comics analysis; expert system |
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Abstract |
Document analysis is an active field of research, which can attain a complete understanding of the semantics of a given document. One example of the document understanding process is enabling a computer to identify the key elements of a comic book story and arrange them according to a predefined domain knowledge. In this study, we propose a knowledge-driven system that can interact with bottom-up and top-down information to progressively understand the content of a document. We model the comic book’s and the image processing domains knowledge for information consistency analysis. In addition, different image processing methods are improved or developed to extract panels, balloons, tails, texts, comic characters and their semantic relations in an unsupervised way. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG; 600.056; 600.077 |
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RGK2015 |
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2595 |
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Author |
G.Blasco; Simone Balocco; J.Puig; J.Sanchez-Gonzalez; W.Ricart; J.Daunis-I-Estadella; X.Molina; S.Pedraza; J.M.Fernandez-Real |
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Title |
Carotid pulse wave velocity by magnetic resonance imaging is increased in middle-aged subjects with the metabolic syndrome |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging |
Abbreviated Journal |
ICJI |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
603-612 |
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Keywords |
Metabolic syndrome; Arterial stiffness; Pulse wave velocity; Carotid artery; Magnetic resonance |
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Abstract |
Arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV), an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, physiologically increases with age; however, growing evidence suggests metabolic syndrome (MetS) accelerates this increase. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables reliable noninvasive assessment of arterial stiffness by measuring arterial PWV in specific vascular segments. We investigated the association between the presence of MetS and its components with carotid PWV (cPWV) in asymptomatic subjects without diabetes. We assessed cPWV by MRI in 61 individuals (mean age, 55.3 ± 14.1 years; median age, 55 years): 30 with MetS and 31 controls with similar age, sex, body mass index, and LDL-cholesterol levels. The study population was dichotomized by the median age. To remove the physiological association between PWV and age, unpaired t tests and multiple regression analyses were performed using the residuals of the regression between PWV and age. cPWV was higher in middle-aged subjects with MetS than in those without (p = 0.001), but no differences were found in elder subjects (p = 0.313). cPWV was associated with diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.276, p = 0.033) and waist circumference (r = 0.268, p = 0.038). The presence of MetS was associated with increased cPWV regardless of age, sex, blood pressure, and waist (p = 0.007). The MetS components contributing independently to an increased cPWV were hypertension (p = 0.018) and hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.002). The presence of MetS is associated with an increased cPWV in middle-aged subjects. In particular, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia may contribute to early progression of carotid stiffness. |
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Springer Netherlands |
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1569-5794 |
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MILAB |
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Admin @ si @ BBP2015 |
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2670 |
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Author |
David Aldavert; Marçal Rusiñol; Ricardo Toledo; Josep Llados |
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A Study of Bag-of-Visual-Words Representations for Handwritten Keyword Spotting |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
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International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJDAR |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
3 |
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223-234 |
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Bag-of-Visual-Words; Keyword spotting; Handwritten documents; Performance evaluation |
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The Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW) framework has gained popularity among the document image analysis community, specifically as a representation of handwritten words for recognition or spotting purposes. Although in the computer vision field the BoVW method has been greatly improved, most of the approaches in the document image analysis domain still rely on the basic implementation of the BoVW method disregarding such latest refinements. In this paper, we present a review of those improvements and its application to the keyword spotting task. We thoroughly evaluate their impact against a baseline system in the well-known George Washington dataset and compare the obtained results against nine state-of-the-art keyword spotting methods. In addition, we also compare both the baseline and improved systems with the methods presented at the Handwritten Keyword Spotting Competition 2014. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG; ADAS; 600.055; 600.061; 601.223; 600.077; 600.097 |
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Admin @ si @ ART2015 |
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2679 |
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Tadashi Araki; Sumit K. Banchhor; Narendra D. Londhe; Nobutaka Ikeda; Petia Radeva; Devarshi Shukla; Luca Saba; Antonella Balestrieri; Andrew Nicolaides; Shoaib Shafique; John R. Laird; Jasjit S. Suri |
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Title |
Reliable and Accurate Calcium Volume Measurement in Coronary Artery Using Intravascular Ultrasound Videos |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Medical Systems |
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JMS |
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40 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
51:1-51:20 |
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Keywords |
Interventional cardiology; Atherosclerosis; Coronary arteries; IVUS; calcium volume; Soft computing; Performance Reliability; Accuracy |
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Quantitative assessment of calcified atherosclerotic volume within the coronary artery wall is vital for cardiac interventional procedures. The goal of this study is to automatically measure the calcium volume, given the borders of coronary vessel wall for all the frames of the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) video. Three soft computing fuzzy classification techniques were adapted namely Fuzzy c-Means (FCM), K-means, and Hidden Markov Random Field (HMRF) for automated segmentation of calcium regions and volume computation. These methods were benchmarked against previously developed threshold-based method. IVUS image data sets (around 30,600 IVUS frames) from 15 patients were collected using 40 MHz IVUS catheter (Atlantis® SR Pro, Boston Scientific®, pullback speed of 0.5 mm/s). Calcium mean volume for FCM, K-means, HMRF and threshold-based method were 37.84 ± 17.38 mm3, 27.79 ± 10.94 mm3, 46.44 ± 19.13 mm3 and 35.92 ± 16.44 mm3 respectively. Cross-correlation, Jaccard Index and Dice Similarity were highest between FCM and threshold-based method: 0.99, 0.92 ± 0.02 and 0.95 + 0.02 respectively. Student’s t-test, z-test and Wilcoxon-test are also performed to demonstrate consistency, reliability and accuracy of the results. Given the vessel wall region, the system reliably and automatically measures the calcium volume in IVUS videos. Further, we validated our system against a trained expert using scoring: K-means showed the best performance with an accuracy of 92.80 %. Out procedure and protocol is along the line with method previously published clinically. |
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MILAB; |
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Admin @ si @ ABL2016 |
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2729 |
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Author |
Adriana Romero; Carlo Gatta; Gustavo Camps-Valls |
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Title |
Unsupervised Deep Feature Extraction for Remote Sensing Image Classification |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
TGRS |
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54 |
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3 |
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1349 - 1362 |
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This paper introduces the use of single-layer and deep convolutional networks for remote sensing data analysis. Direct application to multi- and hyperspectral imagery of supervised (shallow or deep) convolutional networks is very challenging given the high input data dimensionality and the relatively small amount of available labeled data. Therefore, we propose the use of greedy layerwise unsupervised pretraining coupled with a highly efficient algorithm for unsupervised learning of sparse features. The algorithm is rooted on sparse representations and enforces both population and lifetime sparsity of the extracted features, simultaneously. We successfully illustrate the expressive power of the extracted representations in several scenarios: classification of aerial scenes, as well as land-use classification in very high resolution or land-cover classification from multi- and hyperspectral images. The proposed algorithm clearly outperforms standard principal component analysis (PCA) and its kernel counterpart (kPCA), as well as current state-of-the-art algorithms of aerial classification, while being extremely computationally efficient at learning representations of data. Results show that single-layer convolutional networks can extract powerful discriminative features only when the receptive field accounts for neighboring pixels and are preferred when the classification requires high resolution and detailed results. However, deep architectures significantly outperform single-layer variants, capturing increasing levels of abstraction and complexity throughout the feature hierarchy. |
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0196-2892 |
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LAMP; 600.079;MILAB |
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Admin @ si @ RGC2016 |
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2723 |
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Author |
Maria Oliver; G. Haro; Mariella Dimiccoli; B. Mazin; C. Ballester |
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Title |
A Computational Model for Amodal Completion |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision |
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JMIV |
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56 |
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3 |
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511–534 |
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Perception; visual completion; disocclusion; Bayesian model;relatability; Euler elastica |
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This paper presents a computational model to recover the most likely interpretation
of the 3D scene structure from a planar image, where some objects may occlude others. The estimated scene interpretation is obtained by integrating some global and local cues and provides both the complete disoccluded objects that form the scene and their ordering according to depth.
Our method first computes several distal scenes which are compatible with the proximal planar image. To compute these different hypothesized scenes, we propose a perceptually inspired object disocclusion method, which works by minimizing the Euler's elastica as well as by incorporating the relatability of partially occluded contours and the convexity of the disoccluded objects. Then, to estimate the preferred scene we rely on a Bayesian model and define probabilities taking into account the global complexity of the objects in the hypothesized scenes as well as the effort of bringing these objects in their relative position in the planar image, which is also measured by an Euler's elastica-based quantity. The model is illustrated with numerical experiments on, both, synthetic and real images showing the ability of our model to reconstruct the occluded objects and the preferred perceptual order among them. We also present results on images of the Berkeley dataset with provided figure-ground ground-truth labeling. |
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MILAB; 601.235 |
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Admin @ si @ OHD2016b |
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2745 |
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C. Alejandro Parraga; Arash Akbarinia |
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NICE: A Computational Solution to Close the Gap from Colour Perception to Colour Categorization |
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2016 |
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PLoS One |
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Plos |
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11 |
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3 |
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e0149538 |
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The segmentation of visible electromagnetic radiation into chromatic categories by the human visual system has been extensively studied from a perceptual point of view, resulting in several colour appearance models. However, there is currently a void when it comes to relate these results to the physiological mechanisms that are known to shape the pre-cortical and cortical visual pathway. This work intends to begin to fill this void by proposing a new physiologically plausible model of colour categorization based on Neural Isoresponsive Colour Ellipsoids (NICE) in the cone-contrast space defined by the main directions of the visual signals entering the visual cortex. The model was adjusted to fit psychophysical measures that concentrate on the categorical boundaries and are consistent with the ellipsoidal isoresponse surfaces of visual cortical neurons. By revealing the shape of such categorical colour regions, our measures allow for a more precise and parsimonious description, connecting well-known early visual processing mechanisms to the less understood phenomenon of colour categorization. To test the feasibility of our method we applied it to exemplary images and a popular ground-truth chart obtaining labelling results that are better than those of current state-of-the-art algorithms. |
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NEUROBIT; 600.068 |
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Admin @ si @ PaA2016a |
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2747 |
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Xavier Perez Sala; Fernando De la Torre; Laura Igual; Sergio Escalera; Cecilio Angulo |
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Title |
Subspace Procrustes Analysis |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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International Journal of Computer Vision |
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IJCV |
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121 |
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3 |
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327–343 |
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Procrustes Analysis (PA) has been a popular technique to align and build 2-D statistical models of shapes. Given a set of 2-D shapes PA is applied to remove rigid transformations. Then, a non-rigid 2-D model is computed by modeling (e.g., PCA) the residual. Although PA has been widely used, it has several limitations for modeling 2-D shapes: occluded landmarks and missing data can result in local minima solutions, and there is no guarantee that the 2-D shapes provide a uniform sampling of the 3-D space of rotations for the object. To address previous issues, this paper proposes Subspace PA (SPA). Given several
instances of a 3-D object, SPA computes the mean and a 2-D subspace that can simultaneously model all rigid and non-rigid deformations of the 3-D object. We propose a discrete (DSPA) and continuous (CSPA) formulation for SPA, assuming that 3-D samples of an object are provided. DSPA extends the traditional PA, and produces unbiased 2-D models by uniformly sampling different views of the 3-D object. CSPA provides a continuous approach to uniformly sample the space of 3-D rotations, being more efficient in space and time. Experiments using SPA to learn 2-D models of bodies from motion capture data illustrate the benefits of our approach. |
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MILAB; HuPBA; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ PTI2017 |
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2841 |
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I. Sorodoc; S. Pezzelle; A. Herbelot; Mariella Dimiccoli; R. Bernardi |
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Learning quantification from images: A structured neural architecture |
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2018 |
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Natural Language Engineering |
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NLE |
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24 |
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3 |
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363-392 |
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Major advances have recently been made in merging language and vision representations. Most tasks considered so far have confined themselves to the processing of objects and lexicalised relations amongst objects (content words). We know, however, that humans (even pre-school children) can abstract over raw multimodal data to perform certain types of higher level reasoning, expressed in natural language by function words. A case in point is given by their ability to learn quantifiers, i.e. expressions like few, some and all. From formal semantics and cognitive linguistics, we know that quantifiers are relations over sets which, as a simplification, we can see as proportions. For instance, in most fish are red, most encodes the proportion of fish which are red fish. In this paper, we study how well current neural network strategies model such relations. We propose a task where, given an image and a query expressed by an object–property pair, the system must return a quantifier expressing which proportions of the queried object have the queried property. Our contributions are twofold. First, we show that the best performance on this task involves coupling state-of-the-art attention mechanisms with a network architecture mirroring the logical structure assigned to quantifiers by classic linguistic formalisation. Second, we introduce a new balanced dataset of image scenarios associated with quantification queries, which we hope will foster further research in this area. |
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MILAB; no menciona |
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Admin @ si @ SPH2018 |
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3021 |
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Marta Diez-Ferrer; Arturo Morales; Rosa Lopez Lisbona; Noelia Cubero; Cristian Tebe; Susana Padrones; Samantha Aso; Jordi Dorca; Debora Gil; Antoni Rosell |
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Ultrathin Bronchoscopy with and without Virtual Bronchoscopic Navigation: Influence of Segmentation on Diagnostic Yield |
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2019 |
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Respiration |
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RES |
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97 |
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3 |
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252-258 |
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Lung cancer; Peripheral lung lesion; Diagnosis; Bronchoscopy; Ultrathin bronchoscopy; Virtual bronchoscopic navigation |
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Background: Bronchoscopy is a safe technique for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs), and virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) helps guide the bronchoscope to PPLs. Objectives: We aimed to compare the diagnostic yield of VBN-guided and unguided ultrathin bronchoscopy (UTB) and explore clinical and technical factors associated with better results. We developed a diagnostic algorithm for deciding whether to use VBN to reach PPLs or choose an alternative diagnostic approach. Methods: We compared diagnostic yield between VBN-UTB (prospective cases) and unguided UTB (historical controls) and analyzed the VBN-UTB subgroup to identify clinical and technical variables that could predict the success of VBN-UTB. Results: Fifty-five cases and 110 controls were included. The overall diagnostic yield did not differ between the VBN-guided and unguided arms (47 and 40%, respectively; p = 0.354). Although the yield was slightly higher for PPLs ≤20 mm in the VBN-UTB arm, the difference was not significant (p = 0.069). No other clinical characteristics were associated with a higher yield in a subgroup analysis, but an 85% diagnostic yield was observed when segmentation was optimal and the PPL was endobronchial (vs. 30% when segmentation was suboptimal and 20% when segmentation was optimal but the PPL was extrabronchial). Conclusions: VBN-guided UTB is not superior to unguided UTB. A greater impact of VBN-guided over unguided UTB is highly dependent on both segmentation quality and an endobronchial location of the PPL. Segmentation quality should be considered before starting a procedure, when an alternative technique that may improve yield can be chosen, saving time and resources. |
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IAM; 600.145; 600.139 |
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Admin @ si @ DML2019 |
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3134 |
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Cristina Sanchez Montes; F. Javier Sanchez; Jorge Bernal; Henry Cordova; Maria Lopez Ceron; Miriam Cuatrecasas; Cristina Rodriguez de Miguel; Ana Garcia Rodriguez; Rodrigo Garces Duran; Maria Pellise; Josep Llach; Gloria Fernandez Esparrach |
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Computer-aided Prediction of Polyp Histology on White-Light Colonoscopy using Surface Pattern Analysis |
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2019 |
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Endoscopy |
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END |
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51 |
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3 |
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261-265 |
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Background and study aims: To evaluate a new computational histology prediction system based on colorectal polyp textural surface patterns using high definition white light images.
Patients and methods: Textural elements (textons) were characterized according to their contrast with respect to the surface, shape and number of bifurcations, assuming that dysplastic polyps are associated with highly contrasted, large tubular patterns with some degree of bifurcation. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) was compared with pathological diagnosis and the diagnosis by the endoscopists using Kudo and NICE classification.
Results: Images of 225 polyps were evaluated (142 dysplastic and 83 non-dysplastic). CAD system correctly classified 205 (91.1%) polyps, 131/142 (92.3%) dysplastic and 74/83 (89.2%) non-dysplastic. For the subgroup of 100 diminutive (<5 mm) polyps, CAD correctly classified 87 (87%) polyps, 43/50 (86%) dysplastic and 44/50 (88%) non-dysplastic. There were not statistically significant differences in polyp histology prediction based on CAD system and on endoscopist assessment.
Conclusion: A computer vision system based on the characterization of the polyp surface in the white light accurately predicts colorectal polyp histology. |
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MV; 600.096; 600.119; 600.075 |
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Admin @ si @ SSB2019 |
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3164 |
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Katerine Diaz; Jesus Martinez del Rincon; Marçal Rusiñol; Aura Hernandez-Sabate |
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Feature Extraction by Using Dual-Generalized Discriminative Common Vectors |
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2019 |
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Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision |
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JMIV |
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61 |
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3 |
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331-351 |
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Online feature extraction; Generalized discriminative common vectors; Dual learning; Incremental learning; Decremental learning |
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In this paper, a dual online subspace-based learning method called dual-generalized discriminative common vectors (Dual-GDCV) is presented. The method extends incremental GDCV by exploiting simultaneously both the concepts of incremental and decremental learning for supervised feature extraction and classification. Our methodology is able to update the feature representation space without recalculating the full projection or accessing the previously processed training data. It allows both adding information and removing unnecessary data from a knowledge base in an efficient way, while retaining the previously acquired knowledge. The proposed method has been theoretically proved and empirically validated in six standard face recognition and classification datasets, under two scenarios: (1) removing and adding samples of existent classes, and (2) removing and adding new classes to a classification problem. Results show a considerable computational gain without compromising the accuracy of the model in comparison with both batch methodologies and other state-of-art adaptive methods. |
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DAG; ADAS; 600.084; 600.118; 600.121; 600.129 |
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Admin @ si @ DRR2019 |
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3172 |
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Yagmur Gucluturk; Umut Guclu; Xavier Baro; Hugo Jair Escalante; Isabelle Guyon; Sergio Escalera; Marcel A. J. van Gerven; Rob van Lier |
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Multimodal First Impression Analysis with Deep Residual Networks |
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2018 |
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IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing |
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TAC |
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8 |
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3 |
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316-329 |
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People form first impressions about the personalities of unfamiliar individuals even after very brief interactions with them. In this study we present and evaluate several models that mimic this automatic social behavior. Specifically, we present several models trained on a large dataset of short YouTube video blog posts for predicting apparent Big Five personality traits of people and whether they seem suitable to be recommended to a job interview. Along with presenting our audiovisual approach and results that won the third place in the ChaLearn First Impressions Challenge, we investigate modeling in different modalities including audio only, visual only, language only, audiovisual, and combination of audiovisual and language. Our results demonstrate that the best performance could be obtained using a fusion of all data modalities. Finally, in order to promote explainability in machine learning and to provide an example for the upcoming ChaLearn challenges, we present a simple approach for explaining the predictions for job interview recommendations |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ GGB2018 |
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3210 |
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Ricardo Dario Perez Principi; Cristina Palmero; Julio C. S. Jacques Junior; Sergio Escalera |
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On the Effect of Observed Subject Biases in Apparent Personality Analysis from Audio-visual Signals |
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2021 |
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IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing |
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TAC |
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12 |
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3 |
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607-621 |
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Personality perception is implicitly biased due to many subjective factors, such as cultural, social, contextual, gender and appearance. Approaches developed for automatic personality perception are not expected to predict the real personality of the target, but the personality external observers attributed to it. Hence, they have to deal with human bias, inherently transferred to the training data. However, bias analysis in personality computing is an almost unexplored area. In this work, we study different possible sources of bias affecting personality perception, including emotions from facial expressions, attractiveness, age, gender, and ethnicity, as well as their influence on prediction ability for apparent personality estimation. To this end, we propose a multi-modal deep neural network that combines raw audio and visual information alongside predictions of attribute-specific models to regress apparent personality. We also analyse spatio-temporal aggregation schemes and the effect of different time intervals on first impressions. We base our study on the ChaLearn First Impressions dataset, consisting of one-person conversational videos. Our model shows state-of-the-art results regressing apparent personality based on the Big-Five model. Furthermore, given the interpretability nature of our network design, we provide an incremental analysis on the impact of each possible source of bias on final network predictions. |
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1 July-Sept. 2021 |
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HuPBA; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ PPJ2019 |
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3312 |
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Estefania Talavera; Maria Leyva-Vallina; Md. Mostafa Kamal Sarker; Domenec Puig; Nicolai Petkov; Petia Radeva |
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Hierarchical approach to classify food scenes in egocentric photo-streams |
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2020 |
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IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics |
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J-BHI |
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24 |
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3 |
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866 - 877 |
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Recent studies have shown that the environment where people eat can affect their nutritional behaviour. In this work, we provide automatic tools for a personalised analysis of a person's health habits by the examination of daily recorded egocentric photo-streams. Specifically, we propose a new automatic approach for the classification of food-related environments, that is able to classify up to 15 such scenes. In this way, people can monitor the context around their food intake in order to get an objective insight into their daily eating routine. We propose a model that classifies food-related scenes organized in a semantic hierarchy. Additionally, we present and make available a new egocentric dataset composed of more than 33000 images recorded by a wearable camera, over which our proposed model has been tested. Our approach obtains an accuracy and F-score of 56\% and 65\%, respectively, clearly outperforming the baseline methods. |
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MILAB; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ TLM2020 |
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3380 |
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