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Author | Eduard Vazquez; Ramon Baldrich; Joost Van de Weijer; Maria Vanrell | ||||
Title | Describing Reflectances for Colour Segmentation Robust to Shadows, Highlights and Textures | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | TPAMI |
Volume | 33 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 917-930 |
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Abstract | The segmentation of a single material reflectance is a challenging problem due to the considerable variation in image measurements caused by the geometry of the object, shadows, and specularities. The combination of these effects has been modeled by the dichromatic reflection model. However, the application of the model to real-world images is limited due to unknown acquisition parameters and compression artifacts. In this paper, we present a robust model for the shape of a single material reflectance in histogram space. The method is based on a multilocal creaseness analysis of the histogram which results in a set of ridges representing the material reflectances. The segmentation method derived from these ridges is robust to both shadow, shading and specularities, and texture in real-world images. We further complete the method by incorporating prior knowledge from image statistics, and incorporate spatial coherence by using multiscale color contrast information. Results obtained show that our method clearly outperforms state-of-the-art segmentation methods on a widely used segmentation benchmark, having as a main characteristic its excellent performance in the presence of shadows and highlights at low computational cost. | ||||
Address | Los Alamitos; CA; USA; | ||||
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Publisher | IEEE Computer Society | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 0162-8828 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | CIC | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ VBW2011 | Serial | 1715 | ||
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Author | Kaida Xiao; Sophie Wuerger; Chenyang Fu; Dimosthenis Karatzas | ||||
Title | Unique Hue Data for Colour Appearance Models. Part i: Loci of Unique Hues and Hue Uniformity | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Color Research & Application | Abbreviated Journal | CRA |
Volume | 36 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 316-323 |
Keywords | unique hues; colour appearance models; CIECAM02; hue uniformity | ||||
Abstract | Psychophysical experiments were conducted to assess unique hues on a CRT display for a large sample of colour-normal observers (n 1⁄4 185). These data were then used to evaluate the most commonly used colour appear- ance model, CIECAM02, by transforming the CIEXYZ tris- timulus values of the unique hues to the CIECAM02 colour appearance attributes, lightness, chroma and hue angle. We report two findings: (1) the hue angles derived from our unique hue data are inconsistent with the commonly used Natural Color System hues that are incorporated in the CIECAM02 model. We argue that our predicted unique hue angles (derived from our large dataset) provide a more reliable standard for colour management applications when the precise specification of these salient colours is im- portant. (2) We test hue uniformity for CIECAM02 in all four unique hues and show significant disagreements for all hues, except for unique red which seems to be invariant under lightness changes. Our dataset is useful to improve the CIECAM02 model as it provides reliable data for benchmarking. | ||||
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Publisher | Wiley Periodicals Inc | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | DAG | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ XWF2011 | Serial | 1816 | ||
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Author | Chenyang Fu; Kaida Xiao; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Sophie Wuerger | ||||
Title | Investigation of Unique Hue Setting Changes with Ageing | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Chinese Optics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | COL |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 053301-1-5 |
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Abstract | Clromatic sensitivity along the protan, deutan, and tritan lines and the loci of the unique hues (red, green, yellow, blue) for a very large sample (n = 185) of colour-normal observers ranging from 18 to 75 years of age are assessed. Visual judgments are obtained under normal viewing conditions using colour patches on self-luminous display under controlled adaptation conditions. Trivector discrimination thresholds show an increase as a function of age along the protan, deutan, and tritan axes, with the largest increase present along the tritan line, less pronounced shifts in unique hue settings are also observed. Based on the chromatic (protan, deutan, tritan) thresholds and using scaled cone signals, we predict the unique hue changes with ageing. A dependency on age for unique red and unique yellow for predicted hue angle is found. We conclude that the chromatic sensitivity deteriorates significantly with age, whereas the appearance of unique hues is much less affected, remaining almost constant despite the known changes in the ocular media. | ||||
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Notes | DAG | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ XFW2011 | Serial | 1818 | ||
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Author | Sophie Wuerger; Kaida Xiao; Chenyang Fu; Dimosthenis Karatzas | ||||
Title | Colour-opponent mechanisms are not affected by age-related chromatic sensitivity changes | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics | Abbreviated Journal | OPO |
Volume | 30 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 635-659 |
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Abstract | The purpose of this study was to assess whether age-related chromatic sensitivity changes are associated with corresponding changes in hue perception in a large sample of colour-normal observers over a wide age range (n = 185; age range: 18-75 years). In these observers we determined both the sensitivity along the protan, deutan and tritan line; and settings for the four unique hues, from which the characteristics of the higher-order colour mechanisms can be derived. We found a significant decrease in chromatic sensitivity due to ageing, in particular along the tritan line. From the unique hue settings we derived the cone weightings associated with the colour mechanisms that are at equilibrium for the four unique hues. We found that the relative cone weightings (w(L) /w(M) and w(L) /w(S)) associated with the unique hues were independent of age. Our results are consistent with previous findings that the unique hues are rather constant with age while chromatic sensitivity declines. They also provide evidence in favour of the hypothesis that higher-order colour mechanisms are equipped with flexible cone weightings, as opposed to fixed weights. The mechanism underlying this compensation is still poorly understood. | ||||
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Notes | DAG; IF: 1.259 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ WXF2010 | Serial | 1826 | ||
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Author | J. Stöttinger; A. Hanbury; N. Sebe; Theo Gevers | ||||
Title | Spars Color Interest Points for Image Retrieval and Object Categorization | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Image Processing | Abbreviated Journal | TIP |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 2681-2692 |
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Abstract | Impact factor 2010: 2.92
IF 2011/2012?: 3.32 Interest point detection is an important research area in the field of image processing and computer vision. In particular, image retrieval and object categorization heavily rely on interest point detection from which local image descriptors are computed for image matching. In general, interest points are based on luminance, and color has been largely ignored. However, the use of color increases the distinctiveness of interest points. The use of color may therefore provide selective search reducing the total number of interest points used for image matching. This paper proposes color interest points for sparse image representation. To reduce the sensitivity to varying imaging conditions, light-invariant interest points are introduced. Color statistics based on occurrence probability lead to color boosted points, which are obtained through saliency-based feature selection. Furthermore, a principal component analysis-based scale selection method is proposed, which gives a robust scale estimation per interest point. From large-scale experiments, it is shown that the proposed color interest point detector has higher repeatability than a luminance-based one. Furthermore, in the context of image retrieval, a reduced and predictable number of color features show an increase in performance compared to state-of-the-art interest points. Finally, in the context of object recognition, for the Pascal VOC 2007 challenge, our method gives comparable performance to state-of-the-art methods using only a small fraction of the features, reducing the computing time considerably. |
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ISSN | 1057-7149 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | ALTRES;ISE | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ SHS2012 | Serial | 1847 | ||
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Author | Arjan Gijsenij; Theo Gevers; Joost Van de Weijer | ||||
Title | Improving Color Constancy by Photometric Edge Weighting | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | TPAMI |
Volume | 34 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 918-929 |
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Abstract | : Edge-based color constancy methods make use of image derivatives to estimate the illuminant. However, different edge types exist in real-world images such as material, shadow and highlight edges. These different edge types may have a distinctive influence on the performance of the illuminant estimation. Therefore, in this paper, an extensive analysis is provided of different edge types on the performance of edge-based color constancy methods. First, an edge-based taxonomy is presented classifying edge types based on their photometric properties (e.g. material, shadow-geometry and highlights). Then, a performance evaluation of edge-based color constancy is provided using these different edge types. From this performance evaluation it is derived that specular and shadow edge types are more valuable than material edges for the estimation of the illuminant. To this end, the (iterative) weighted Grey-Edge algorithm is proposed in which these edge types are more emphasized for the estimation of the illuminant. Images that are recorded under controlled circumstances demonstrate that the proposed iterative weighted Grey-Edge algorithm based on highlights reduces the median angular error with approximately $25\%$. In an uncontrolled environment, improvements in angular error up to $11\%$ are obtained with respect to regular edge-based color constancy. | ||||
Address | Los Alamitos; CA; USA; | ||||
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ISSN | 0162-8828 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | CIC;ISE | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ GGW2012 | Serial | 1850 | ||
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Author | Albert Gordo; Alicia Fornes; Ernest Valveny | ||||
Title | Writer identification in handwritten musical scores with bags of notes | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
Volume | 46 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1337-1345 |
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Abstract | Writer Identification is an important task for the automatic processing of documents. However, the identification of the writer in graphical documents is still challenging. In this work, we adapt the Bag of Visual Words framework to the task of writer identification in handwritten musical scores. A vanilla implementation of this method already performs comparably to the state-of-the-art. Furthermore, we analyze the effect of two improvements of the representation: a Bhattacharyya embedding, which improves the results at virtually no extra cost, and a Fisher Vector representation that very significantly improves the results at the cost of a more complex and costly representation. Experimental evaluation shows results more than 20 points above the state-of-the-art in a new, challenging dataset. | ||||
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ISSN | 0031-3203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | DAG | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ GFV2013 | Serial | 2307 | ||
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Author | Michael Holte; Bhaskar Chakraborty; Jordi Gonzalez; Thomas B. Moeslund | ||||
Title | A Local 3D Motion Descriptor for Multi-View Human Action Recognition from 4D Spatio-Temporal Interest Points | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing | Abbreviated Journal | J-STSP |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 553-565 |
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Abstract | In this paper, we address the problem of human action recognition in reconstructed 3-D data acquired by multi-camera systems. We contribute to this field by introducing a novel 3-D action recognition approach based on detection of 4-D (3-D space $+$ time) spatio-temporal interest points (STIPs) and local description of 3-D motion features. STIPs are detected in multi-view images and extended to 4-D using 3-D reconstructions of the actors and pixel-to-vertex correspondences of the multi-camera setup. Local 3-D motion descriptors, histogram of optical 3-D flow (HOF3D), are extracted from estimated 3-D optical flow in the neighborhood of each 4-D STIP and made view-invariant. The local HOF3D descriptors are divided using 3-D spatial pyramids to capture and improve the discrimination between arm- and leg-based actions. Based on these pyramids of HOF3D descriptors we build a bag-of-words (BoW) vocabulary of human actions, which is compressed and classified using agglomerative information bottleneck (AIB) and support vector machines (SVMs), respectively. Experiments on the publicly available i3DPost and IXMAS datasets show promising state-of-the-art results and validate the performance and view-invariance of the approach. | ||||
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ISSN | 1932-4553 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | ISE | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ HCG2012 | Serial | 1994 | ||
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Author | Santiago Segui; Laura Igual; Jordi Vitria | ||||
Title | Bagged One Class Classifiers in the Presence of Outliers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | IJPRAI |
Volume | 27 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1350014-1350035 |
Keywords | One-class Classifier; Ensemble Methods; Bagging and Outliers | ||||
Abstract | The problem of training classifiers only with target data arises in many applications where non-target data are too costly, difficult to obtain, or not available at all. Several one-class classification methods have been presented to solve this problem, but most of the methods are highly sensitive to the presence of outliers in the target class. Ensemble methods have therefore been proposed as a powerful way to improve the classification performance of binary/multi-class learning algorithms by introducing diversity into classifiers.
However, their application to one-class classification has been rather limited. In this paper, we present a new ensemble method based on a non-parametric weighted bagging strategy for one-class classification, to improve accuracy in the presence of outliers. While the standard bagging strategy assumes a uniform data distribution, the method we propose here estimates a probability density based on a forest structure of the data. This assumption allows the estimation of data distribution from the computation of simple univariate and bivariate kernel densities. Experiments using original and noisy versions of 20 different datasets show that bagging ensemble methods applied to different one-class classifiers outperform base one-class classification methods. Moreover, we show that, in noisy versions of the datasets, the non-parametric weighted bagging strategy we propose outperforms the classical bagging strategy in a statistically significant way. |
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Notes | OR; 600.046;MV | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ SIV2013 | Serial | 2256 | ||
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Author | Olivier Penacchio; Xavier Otazu; Laura Dempere-Marco | ||||
Title | A Neurodynamical Model of Brightness Induction in V1 | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | PloS ONE | Abbreviated Journal | Plos |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 5 | Pages | e64086 |
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Abstract | Brightness induction is the modulation of the perceived intensity of an area by the luminance of surrounding areas. Recent neurophysiological evidence suggests that brightness information might be explicitly represented in V1, in contrast to the more common assumption that the striate cortex is an area mostly responsive to sensory information. Here we investigate possible neural mechanisms that offer a plausible explanation for such phenomenon. To this end, a neurodynamical model which is based on neurophysiological evidence and focuses on the part of V1 responsible for contextual influences is presented. The proposed computational model successfully accounts for well known psychophysical effects for static contexts and also for brightness induction in dynamic contexts defined by modulating the luminance of surrounding areas. This work suggests that intra-cortical interactions in V1 could, at least partially, explain brightness induction effects and reveals how a common general architecture may account for several different fundamental processes, such as visual saliency and brightness induction, which emerge early in the visual processing pathway. | ||||
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Notes | CIC | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ POD2013 | Serial | 2242 | ||
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Author | Josep Llados; Marçal Rusiñol; Alicia Fornes; David Fernandez; Anjan Dutta | ||||
Title | On the Influence of Word Representations for Handwritten Word Spotting in Historical Documents | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | IJPRAI |
Volume | 26 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1263002-126027 |
Keywords | Handwriting recognition; word spotting; historical documents; feature representation; shape descriptors Read More: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0218001412630025 | ||||
Abstract | 0,624 JCR
Word spotting is the process of retrieving all instances of a queried keyword from a digital library of document images. In this paper we evaluate the performance of different word descriptors to assess the advantages and disadvantages of statistical and structural models in a framework of query-by-example word spotting in historical documents. We compare four word representation models, namely sequence alignment using DTW as a baseline reference, a bag of visual words approach as statistical model, a pseudo-structural model based on a Loci features representation, and a structural approach where words are represented by graphs. The four approaches have been tested with two collections of historical data: the George Washington database and the marriage records from the Barcelona Cathedral. We experimentally demonstrate that statistical representations generally give a better performance, however it cannot be neglected that large descriptors are difficult to be implemented in a retrieval scenario where word spotting requires the indexation of data with million word images. |
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Notes | DAG | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ LRF2012 | Serial | 2128 | ||
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Author | Partha Pratim Roy; Umapada Pal; Josep Llados; Mathieu Nicolas Delalandre | ||||
Title | Multi-oriented touching text character segmentation in graphical documents using dynamic programming | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR |
Volume | 45 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1972-1983 |
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Abstract | 2,292 JCR
The touching character segmentation problem becomes complex when touching strings are multi-oriented. Moreover in graphical documents sometimes characters in a single-touching string have different orientations. Segmentation of such complex touching is more challenging. In this paper, we present a scheme towards the segmentation of English multi-oriented touching strings into individual characters. When two or more characters touch, they generate a big cavity region in the background portion. Based on the convex hull information, at first, we use this background information to find some initial points for segmentation of a touching string into possible primitives (a primitive consists of a single character or part of a character). Next, the primitives are merged to get optimum segmentation. A dynamic programming algorithm is applied for this purpose using the total likelihood of characters as the objective function. A SVM classifier is used to find the likelihood of a character. To consider multi-oriented touching strings the features used in the SVM are invariant to character orientation. Experiments were performed in different databases of real and synthetic touching characters and the results show that the method is efficient in segmenting touching characters of arbitrary orientations and sizes. |
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ISSN | 0031-3203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | DAG | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ RPL2012a | Serial | 2133 | ||
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Author | Fernando Barrera; Felipe Lumbreras; Angel Sappa | ||||
Title | Multimodal Stereo Vision System: 3D Data Extraction and Algorithm Evaluation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing | Abbreviated Journal | J-STSP |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 437-446 |
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Abstract | This paper proposes an imaging system for computing sparse depth maps from multispectral images. A special stereo head consisting of an infrared and a color camera defines the proposed multimodal acquisition system. The cameras are rigidly attached so that their image planes are parallel. Details about the calibration and image rectification procedure are provided. Sparse disparity maps are obtained by the combined use of mutual information enriched with gradient information. The proposed approach is evaluated using a Receiver Operating Characteristics curve. Furthermore, a multispectral dataset, color and infrared images, together with their corresponding ground truth disparity maps, is generated and used as a test bed. Experimental results in real outdoor scenarios are provided showing its viability and that the proposed approach is not restricted to a specific domain. | ||||
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ISSN | 1932-4553 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | ADAS | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ BLS2012b | Serial | 2155 | ||
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Author | Mikhail Mozerov | ||||
Title | Constrained Optical Flow Estimation as a Matching Problem | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Image Processing | Abbreviated Journal | TIP |
Volume | 22 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 2044-2055 |
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Abstract | In general, discretization in the motion vector domain yields an intractable number of labels. In this paper we propose an approach that can reduce general optical flow to the constrained matching problem by pre-estimating a 2D disparity labeling map of the desired discrete motion vector function. One of the goals of the proposed paper is estimating coarse distribution of motion vectors and then utilizing this distribution as global constraints for discrete optical flow estimation. This pre-estimation is done with a simple frame-to-frame correlation technique also known as the digital symmetric-phase-only-filter (SPOF). We discover a strong correlation between the output of the SPOF and the motion vector distribution of the related optical flow. The two step matching paradigm for optical flow estimation is applied: pixel accuracy (integer flow), and subpixel accuracy estimation. The matching problem is solved by global optimization. Experiments on the Middlebury optical flow datasets confirm our intuitive assumptions about strong correlation between motion vector distribution of optical flow and maximal peaks of SPOF outputs. The overall performance of the proposed method is promising and achieves state-of-the-art results on the Middlebury benchmark. | ||||
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ISSN | 1057-7149 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | ISE | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Admin @ si @ Moz2013 | Serial | 2191 | ||
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Author | Thierry Brouard; Jordi Gonzalez; Caifeng Shan; Massimo Piccardi; Larry S. Davis | ||||
Title | Special issue on background modeling for foreground detection in real-world dynamic scenes | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Machine Vision and Applications | Abbreviated Journal | MVAP |
Volume | 25 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1101-1103 |
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Abstract | Although background modeling and foreground detection are not mandatory steps for computer vision applications, they may prove useful as they separate the primal objects usually called “foreground” from the remaining part of the scene called “background”, and permits different algorithmic treatment in the video processing field such as video surveillance, optical motion capture, multimedia applications, teleconferencing and human–computer interfaces. Conventional background modeling methods exploit the temporal variation of each pixel to model the background, and the foreground detection is made using change detection. The last decade witnessed very significant publications on background modeling but recently new applications in which background is not static, such as recordings taken from mobile devices or Internet videos, need new developments to detect robustly moving objects in challenging environments. Thus, effective methods for robustness to deal both with dynamic backgrounds, i | ||||
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Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 0932-8092 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | ISE; 600.078 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | BGS2014a | Serial | 2411 | ||
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