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Author |
Marco Pedersoli; Jordi Gonzalez; Andrew Bagdanov; Juan J. Villanueva |
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Title |
Recursive Coarse-to-Fine Localization for fast Object Recognition |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
11th European Conference on Computer Vision |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6313 |
Issue |
II |
Pages |
280–293 |
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Abstract |
Cascading techniques are commonly used to speed-up the scan of an image for object detection. However, cascades of detectors are slow to train due to the high number of detectors and corresponding thresholds to learn. Furthermore, they do not use any prior knowledge about the scene structure to decide where to focus the search. To handle these problems, we propose a new way to scan an image, where we couple a recursive coarse-to-fine refinement together with spatial constraints of the object location. For doing that we split an image into a set of uniformly distributed neighborhood regions, and for each of these we apply a local greedy search over feature resolutions. The neighborhood is defined as a scanning region that only one object can occupy. Therefore the best hypothesis is obtained as the location with maximum score and no thresholds are needed. We present an implementation of our method using a pyramid of HOG features and we evaluate it on two standard databases, VOC2007 and INRIA dataset. Results show that the Recursive Coarse-to-Fine Localization (RCFL) achieves a 12x speed-up compared to standard sliding windows. Compared with a cascade of multiple resolutions approach our method has slightly better performance in speed and Average-Precision. Furthermore, in contrast to cascading approach, the speed-up is independent of image conditions, the number of detected objects and clutter. |
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Crete (Greece) |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-642-15566-6 |
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ECCV |
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ISE |
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no |
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DAG @ dag @ PGB2010 |
Serial |
1438 |
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Author |
Carles Fernandez; Jordi Gonzalez; Xavier Roca |
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Title |
Automatic Learning of Background Semantics in Generic Surveilled Scenes |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
11th European Conference on Computer Vision |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6313 |
Issue |
II |
Pages |
678–692 |
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Abstract |
Advanced surveillance systems for behavior recognition in outdoor traffic scenes depend strongly on the particular configuration of the scenario. Scene-independent trajectory analysis techniques statistically infer semantics in locations where motion occurs, and such inferences are typically limited to abnormality. Thus, it is interesting to design contributions that automatically categorize more specific semantic regions. State-of-the-art approaches for unsupervised scene labeling exploit trajectory data to segment areas like sources, sinks, or waiting zones. Our method, in addition, incorporates scene-independent knowledge to assign more meaningful labels like crosswalks, sidewalks, or parking spaces. First, a spatiotemporal scene model is obtained from trajectory analysis. Subsequently, a so-called GI-MRF inference process reinforces spatial coherence, and incorporates taxonomy-guided smoothness constraints. Our method achieves automatic and effective labeling of conceptual regions in urban scenarios, and is robust to tracking errors. Experimental validation on 5 surveillance databases has been conducted to assess the generality and accuracy of the segmentations. The resulting scene models are used for model-based behavior analysis. |
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Crete (Greece) |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-642-15551-2 |
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ECCV |
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no |
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ISE @ ise @ FGR2010 |
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1439 |
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Author |
Cesar Isaza; Joaquin Salas; Bogdan Raducanu |
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Title |
Toward the Detection of Urban Infrastructures Edge Shadows |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
12th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems |
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Volume |
6474 |
Issue |
I |
Pages |
30–37 |
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In this paper, we propose a novel technique to detect the shadows cast by urban infrastructure, such as buildings, billboards, and traffic signs, using a sequence of images taken from a fixed camera. In our approach, we compute two different background models in parallel: one for the edges and one for the reflected light intensity. An algorithm is proposed to train the system to distinguish between moving edges in general and edges that belong to static objects, creating an edge background model. Then, during operation, a background intensity model allow us to separate between moving and static objects. Those edges included in the moving objects and those that belong to the edge background model are subtracted from the current image edges. The remaining edges are the ones cast by urban infrastructure. Our method is tested on a typical crossroad scene and the results show that the approach is sound and promising. |
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Sydney, Australia |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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eds. Blanc–Talon et al |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-642-17687-6 |
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ACIVS |
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OR;MV |
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no |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ ISR2010 |
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1458 |
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Author |
David Geronimo; Angel Sappa; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Stereo-based Candidate Generation for Pedestrian Protection Systems |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Binocular Vision: Development, Depth Perception and Disorders |
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9 |
Pages |
189–208 |
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Keywords |
Pedestrian Detection |
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Abstract |
This chapter describes a stereo-based algorithm that provides candidate image windows to a latter 2D classification stage in an on-board pedestrian detection system. The proposed algorithm, which consists of three stages, is based on the use of both stereo imaging and scene prior knowledge (i.e., pedestrians are on the ground) to reduce the candidate searching space. First, a successful road surface fitting algorithm provides estimates on the relative ground-camera pose. This stage directs the search toward the road area thus avoiding irrelevant regions like the sky. Then, three different schemes are used to scan the estimated road surface with pedestrian-sized windows: (a) uniformly distributed through the road surface (3D); (b) uniformly distributed through the image (2D); (c) not uniformly distributed but according to a quadratic function (combined 2D-3D). Finally, the set of candidate windows is reduced by analyzing their 3D content. Experimental results of the proposed algorithm, together with statistics of searching space reduction are provided. |
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NOVA Publishers |
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ADAS |
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no |
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ADAS @ adas @ GSL2010 |
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1301 |
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Author |
Koen E.A. van de Sande; Theo Gevers; C.G.M. Snoek |
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Title |
Evaluating Color Descriptors for Object and Scene Recognition |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
Abbreviated Journal |
TPAMI |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1582 - 1596 |
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Abstract |
Impact factor: 5.308
Image category recognition is important to access visual information on the level of objects and scene types. So far, intensity-based descriptors have been widely used for feature extraction at salient points. To increase illumination invariance and discriminative power, color descriptors have been proposed. Because many different descriptors exist, a structured overview is required of color invariant descriptors in the context of image category recognition. Therefore, this paper studies the invariance properties and the distinctiveness of color descriptors (software to compute the color descriptors from this paper is available from http://www.colordescriptors.com) in a structured way. The analytical invariance properties of color descriptors are explored, using a taxonomy based on invariance properties with respect to photometric transformations, and tested experimentally using a data set with known illumination conditions. In addition, the distinctiveness of color descriptors is assessed experimentally using two benchmarks, one from the image domain and one from the video domain. From the theoretical and experimental results, it can be derived that invariance to light intensity changes and light color changes affects category recognition. The results further reveal that, for light intensity shifts, the usefulness of invariance is category-specific. Overall, when choosing a single descriptor and no prior knowledge about the data set and object and scene categories is available, the OpponentSIFT is recommended. Furthermore, a combined set of color descriptors outperforms intensity-based SIFT and improves category recognition by 8 percent on the PASCAL VOC 2007 and by 7 percent on the Mediamill Challenge. |
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0162-8828 |
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ALTRES;ISE |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ SGS2010 |
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1846 |
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Author |
Mirko Arnold; Anarta Ghosh; Stephen Ameling; G Lacey |
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Title |
Automatic segmentation and inpainting of specular highlights for endoscopic imaging |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing |
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EURASIP JIVP |
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2010 |
Issue |
9 |
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800 |
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MV |
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no |
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fernando @ fernando @ |
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2423 |
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Author |
Jose Antonio Rodriguez; Florent Perronnin; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Unsupervised writer adaptation of whole-word HMMs with application to word-spotting |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
PRL |
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31 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
742–749 |
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Keywords |
Word-spotting; Handwriting recognition; Writer adaptation; Hidden Markov model; Document analysis |
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Abstract |
In this paper we propose a novel approach for writer adaptation in a handwritten word-spotting task. The method exploits the fact that the semi-continuous hidden Markov model separates the word model parameters into (i) a codebook of shapes and (ii) a set of word-specific parameters.
Our main contribution is to employ this property to derive writer-specific word models by statistically adapting an initial universal codebook to each document. This process is unsupervised and does not even require the appearance of the keyword(s) in the searched document. Experimental results show an increase in performance when this adaptation technique is applied. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work dealing with adaptation for word-spotting. The preliminary version of this paper obtained an IBM Best Student Paper Award at the 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. |
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Elsevier |
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DAG |
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no |
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DAG @ dag @ RPS2010 |
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1290 |
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Author |
Simone Balocco; Carlo Gatta; Oriol Pujol; J. Mauri; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
SRBF: Speckle Reducing Bilateral Filtering |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology |
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UMB |
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36 |
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8 |
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1353-1363 |
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Speckle noise negatively affects medical ultrasound image shape interpretation and boundary detection. Speckle removal filters are widely used to selectively remove speckle noise without destroying important image features to enhance object boundaries. In this article, a fully automatic bilateral filter tailored to ultrasound images is proposed. The edge preservation property is obtained by embedding noise statistics in the filter framework. Consequently, the filter is able to tackle the multiplicative behavior modulating the smoothing strength with respect to local statistics. The in silico experiments clearly showed that the speckle reducing bilateral filter (SRBF) has superior performances to most of the state of the art filtering methods. The filter is tested on 50 in vivo US images and its influence on a segmentation task is quantified. The results using SRBF filtered data sets show a superior performance to using oriented anisotropic diffusion filtered images. This improvement is due to the adaptive support of SRBF and the embedded noise statistics, yielding a more homogeneous smoothing. SRBF results in a fully automatic, fast and flexible algorithm potentially suitable in wide ranges of speckle noise sizes, for different medical applications (IVUS, B-mode, 3-D matrix array US). |
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MILAB;HUPBA |
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no |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ BGP2010 |
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1314 |
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Maurizio Mencuccini; Jordi Martinez-Vilalta; Josep Piñol; Lasse Loepfe; Mireia Burnat ; Xavier Alvarez; Juan Camacho; Debora Gil |
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Title |
A quantitative and statistically robust method for the determination of xylem conduit spatial distribution |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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American Journal of Botany |
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AJB |
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97 |
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8 |
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1247-1259 |
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Geyer; hydraulic conductivity; point pattern analysis; Ripley; Spatstat; vessel clusters; xylem anatomy; xylem network |
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Abstract |
Premise of the study: Because of their limited length, xylem conduits need to connect to each other to maintain water transport from roots to leaves. Conduit spatial distribution in a cross section plays an important role in aiding this connectivity. While indices of conduit spatial distribution already exist, they are not well defined statistically. * Methods: We used point pattern analysis to derive new spatial indices. One hundred and five cross-sectional images from different species were transformed into binary images. The resulting point patterns, based on the locations of the conduit centers-of-area, were analyzed to determine whether they departed from randomness. Conduit distribution was then modeled using a spatially explicit stochastic model. * Key results: The presence of conduit randomness, uniformity, or aggregation depended on the spatial scale of the analysis. The large majority of the images showed patterns significantly different from randomness at least at one spatial scale. A strong phylogenetic signal was detected in the spatial variables. * Conclusions: Conduit spatial arrangement has been largely conserved during evolution, especially at small spatial scales. Species in which conduits were aggregated in clusters had a lower conduit density compared to those with uniform distribution. Statistically sound spatial indices must be employed as an aid in the characterization of distributional patterns across species and in models of xylem water transport. Point pattern analysis is a very useful tool in identifying spatial patterns. |
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IAM; |
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no |
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IAM @ iam @ MMG2010 |
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1623 |
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Author |
Albert Ali Salah; E. Pauwels; R. Tavenard; Theo Gevers |
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Title |
T-Patterns Revisited: Mining for Temporal Patterns in Sensor Data |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Sensors |
Abbreviated Journal |
SENS |
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10 |
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8 |
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7496-7513 |
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sensor networks; temporal pattern extraction; T-patterns; Lempel-Ziv; Gaussian mixture model; MERL motion data |
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The trend to use large amounts of simple sensors as opposed to a few complex sensors to monitor places and systems creates a need for temporal pattern mining algorithms to work on such data. The methods that try to discover re-usable and interpretable patterns in temporal event data have several shortcomings. We contrast several recent approaches to the problem, and extend the T-Pattern algorithm, which was previously applied for detection of sequential patterns in behavioural sciences. The temporal complexity of the T-pattern approach is prohibitive in the scenarios we consider. We remedy this with a statistical model to obtain a fast and robust algorithm to find patterns in temporal data. We test our algorithm on a recent database collected with passive infrared sensors with millions of events. |
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ALTRES;ISE |
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Admin @ si @ SPT2010 |
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1845 |
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Debora Gil; Jaume Garcia; Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Enric Marti |
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Title |
Manifold parametrization of the left ventricle for a statistical modelling of its complete anatomy |
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Conference Article |
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2010 |
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8th Medical Imaging |
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7623 |
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762304 |
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304 |
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Distortion of Left Ventricle (LV) external anatomy is related to some dysfunctions, such as hypertrophy. The architecture of myocardial fibers determines LV electromechanical activation patterns as well as mechanics. Thus, their joined modelling would allow the design of specific interventions (such as peacemaker implantation and LV remodelling) and therapies (such as resynchronization). On one hand, accurate modelling of external anatomy requires either a dense sampling or a continuous infinite dimensional approach, which requires non-Euclidean statistics. On the other hand, computation of fiber models requires statistics on Riemannian spaces. Most approaches compute separate statistical models for external anatomy and fibers architecture. In this work we propose a general mathematical framework based on differential geometry concepts for computing a statistical model including, both, external and fiber anatomy. Our framework provides a continuous approach to external anatomy supporting standard statistics. We also provide a straightforward formula for the computation of the Riemannian fiber statistics. We have applied our methodology to the computation of complete anatomical atlas of canine hearts from diffusion tensor studies. The orientation of fibers over the average external geometry agrees with the segmental description of orientations reported in the literature. |
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SPIE |
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IAM |
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IAM @ iam @ GGH2010a |
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1522 |
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Bogdan Raducanu; Jordi Vitria; Ales Leonardis |
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Online pattern recognition and machine learning techniques for computer-vision: Theory and applications |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Image and Vision Computing |
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IMAVIS |
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28 |
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7 |
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1063–1064 |
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(Editorial for the Special Issue on Online pattern recognition and machine learning techniques)
In real life, visual learning is supposed to be a continuous process. This paradigm has found its way also in artificial vision systems. There is an increasing trend in pattern recognition represented by online learning approaches, which aims at continuously updating the data representation when new information arrives. Starting with a minimal dataset, the initial knowledge is expanded by incorporating incoming instances, which may have not been previously available or foreseen at the system’s design stage. An interesting characteristic of this strategy is that the train and test phases take place simultaneously. Given the increasing interest in this subject, the aim of this special issue is to be a landmark event in the development of online learning techniques and their applications with the hope that it will capture the interest of a wider audience and will attract even more researchers. We received 19 contributions, of which 9 have been accepted for publication, after having been subjected to usual peer review process. |
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Elsevier |
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0262-8856 |
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OR;MV |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ RVL2010 |
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1280 |
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Author |
Francesco Ciompi; Oriol Pujol; Carlo Gatta; Oriol Rodriguez-Leor; J. Mauri; Petia Radeva |
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Fusing in-vitro and in-vivo intravascular ultrasound data for plaque characterization |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging |
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IJCI |
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26 |
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7 |
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763–779 |
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Accurate detection of in-vivo vulnerable plaque in coronary arteries is still an open problem. Recent studies show that it is highly related to tissue structure and composition. Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) is a powerful imaging technique that gives a detailed cross-sectional image of the vessel, allowing to explore arteries morphology. IVUS data validation is usually performed by comparing post-mortem (in-vitro) IVUS data and corresponding histological analysis of the tissue. The main drawback of this method is the few number of available case studies and validated data due to the complex procedure of histological analysis of the tissue. On the other hand, IVUS data from in-vivo cases is easy to obtain but it can not be histologically validated. In this work, we propose to enhance the in-vitro training data set by selectively including examples from in-vivo plaques. For this purpose, a Sequential Floating Forward Selection method is reformulated in the context of plaque characterization. The enhanced classifier performance is validated on in-vitro data set, yielding an overall accuracy of 91.59% in discriminating among fibrotic, lipidic and calcified plaques, while reducing the gap between in-vivo and in-vitro data analysis. Experimental results suggest that the obtained classifier could be properly applied on in-vivo plaque characterization and also demonstrate that the common hypothesis of assuming the difference between in-vivo and in-vitro as negligible is incorrect. |
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1569-5794 |
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MILAB;HUPBA |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ CPG2010 |
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1305 |
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Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Re-coding ECOCs without retraining |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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31 |
Issue |
7 |
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555–562 |
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A standard way to deal with multi-class categorization problems is by the combination of binary classifiers in a pairwise voting procedure. Recently, this classical approach has been formalized in the Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) framework. In the ECOC framework, the one-versus-one coding demonstrates to achieve higher performance than the rest of coding designs. The binary problems that we train in the one-versus-one strategy are significantly smaller than in the rest of designs, and usually easier to be learnt, taking into account the smaller overlapping between classes. However, a high percentage of the positions coded by zero of the coding matrix, which implies a high sparseness degree, does not codify meta-class membership information. In this paper, we show that using the training data we can redefine without re-training, in a problem-dependent way, the one-versus-one coding matrix so that the new coded information helps the system to increase its generalization capability. Moreover, the new re-coding strategy is generalized to be applied over any binary code. The results over several UCI Machine Learning repository data sets and two real multi-class problems show that performance improvements can be obtained re-coding the classical one-versus-one and Sparse random designs compared to different state-of-the-art ECOC configurations. |
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Elsevier |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ EPR2010e |
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1338 |
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David Geronimo; Antonio Lopez; Angel Sappa; Thorsten Graf |
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Survey on Pedestrian Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
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TPAMI |
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32 |
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7 |
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1239–1258 |
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ADAS, pedestrian detection, on-board vision, survey |
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Advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs), and particularly pedestrian protection systems (PPSs), have become an active research area aimed at improving traffic safety. The major challenge of PPSs is the development of reliable on-board pedestrian detection systems. Due to the varying appearance of pedestrians (e.g., different clothes, changing size, aspect ratio, and dynamic shape) and the unstructured environment, it is very difficult to cope with the demanded robustness of this kind of system. Two problems arising in this research area are the lack of public benchmarks and the difficulty in reproducing many of the proposed methods, which makes it difficult to compare the approaches. As a result, surveying the literature by enumerating the proposals one-after-another is not the most useful way to provide a comparative point of view. Accordingly, we present a more convenient strategy to survey the different approaches. We divide the problem of detecting pedestrians from images into different processing steps, each with attached responsibilities. Then, the different proposed methods are analyzed and classified with respect to each processing stage, favoring a comparative viewpoint. Finally, discussion of the important topics is presented, putting special emphasis on the future needs and challenges. |
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0162-8828 |
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ADAS |
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ADAS @ adas @ GLS2010 |
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1340 |
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