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Author Raquel Justo; Leila Ben Letaifa; Cristina Palmero; Eduardo Gonzalez-Fraile; Anna Torp Johansen; Alain Vazquez; Gennaro Cordasco; Stephan Schlogl; Begoña Fernandez-Ruanova; Micaela Silva; Sergio Escalera; Mikel de Velasco; Joffre Tenorio-Laranga; Anna Esposito; Maria Korsnes; M. Ines Torres edit  url
openurl 
  Title Analysis of the Interaction between Elderly People and a Simulated Virtual Coach, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing Abbreviated Journal AIHC  
  Volume 11 Issue 12 Pages (up) 6125-6140  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The EMPATHIC project develops and validates new interaction paradigms for personalized virtual coaches (VC) to promote healthy and independent aging. To this end, the work presented in this paper is aimed to analyze the interaction between the EMPATHIC-VC and the users. One of the goals of the project is to ensure an end-user driven design, involving senior users from the beginning and during each phase of the project. Thus, the paper focuses on some sessions where the seniors carried out interactions with a Wizard of Oz driven, simulated system. A coaching strategy based on the GROW model was used throughout these sessions so as to guide interactions and engage the elderly with the goals of the project. In this interaction framework, both the human and the system behavior were analyzed. The way the wizard implements the GROW coaching strategy is a key aspect of the system behavior during the interaction. The language used by the virtual agent as well as his or her physical aspect are also important cues that were analyzed. Regarding the user behavior, the vocal communication provides information about the speaker’s emotional status, that is closely related to human behavior and which can be extracted from the speech and language analysis. In the same way, the analysis of the facial expression, gazes and gestures can provide information on the non verbal human communication even when the user is not talking. In addition, in order to engage senior users, their preferences and likes had to be considered. To this end, the effect of the VC on the users was gathered by means of direct questionnaires. These analyses have shown a positive and calm behavior of users when interacting with the simulated virtual coach as well as some difficulties of the system to develop the proposed coaching strategy.  
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  Notes HuPBA; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ JLP2020 Serial 3443  
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Author Hao Fang; Ajian Liu; Jun Wan; Sergio Escalera; Hugo Jair Escalante; Zhen Lei edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Surveillance Face Presentation Attack Detection Challenge Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 6360-6370  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Face Anti-spoofing (FAS) is essential to secure face recognition systems from various physical attacks. However, most of the studies lacked consideration of long-distance scenarios. Specifically, compared with FAS in traditional scenes such as phone unlocking, face payment, and self-service security inspection, FAS in long-distance such as station squares, parks, and self-service supermarkets are equally important, but it has not been sufficiently explored yet. In order to fill this gap in the FAS community, we collect a large-scale Surveillance High-Fidelity Mask (SuHiFiMask). SuHiFiMask contains 10,195 videos from 101 subjects of different age groups, which are collected by 7 mainstream surveillance cameras. Based on this dataset and protocol-3 for evaluating the robustness of the algorithm under quality changes, we organized a face presentation attack detection challenge in surveillance scenarios. It attracted 180 teams for the development phase with a total of 37 teams qualifying for the final round. The organization team re-verified and re-ran the submitted code and used the results as the final ranking. In this paper, we present an overview of the challenge, including an introduction to the dataset used, the definition of the protocol, the evaluation metrics, and the announcement of the competition results. Finally, we present the top-ranked algorithms and the research ideas provided by the competition for attack detection in long-range surveillance scenarios.  
  Address Vancouver; Canada; June 2023  
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  Area Expedition Conference CVPRW  
  Notes MSIAU Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ FLW2023 Serial 3917  
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Author Dong Wang; Jia Guo; Qiqi Shao; Haochi He; Zhian Chen; Chuanbao Xiao; Ajian Liu; Sergio Escalera; Hugo Jair Escalante; Zhen Lei; Jun Wan; Jiankang Deng edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Wild Face Anti-Spoofing Challenge 2023: Benchmark and Results Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 6379-6390  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Face anti-spoofing (FAS) is an essential mechanism for safeguarding the integrity of automated face recognition systems. Despite substantial advancements, the generalization of existing approaches to real-world applications remains challenging. This limitation can be attributed to the scarcity and lack of diversity in publicly available FAS datasets, which often leads to overfitting during training or saturation during testing. In terms of quantity, the number of spoof subjects is a critical determinant. Most datasets comprise fewer than 2,000 subjects. With regard to diversity, the majority of datasets consist of spoof samples collected in controlled environments using repetitive, mechanical processes. This data collection methodology results in homogenized samples and a dearth of scenario diversity. To address these shortcomings, we introduce the Wild Face Anti-Spoofing (WFAS) dataset, a large-scale, diverse FAS dataset collected in unconstrained settings. Our dataset encompasses 853,729 images of 321,751 spoof subjects and 529,571 images of 148,169 live subjects, representing a substantial increase in quantity. Moreover, our dataset incorporates spoof data obtained from the internet, spanning a wide array of scenarios and various commercial sensors, including 17 presentation attacks (PAs) that encompass both 2D and 3D forms. This novel data collection strategy markedly enhances FAS data diversity. Leveraging the WFAS dataset and Protocol 1 (Known-Type), we host the Wild Face Anti-Spoofing Challenge at the CVPR2023 workshop. Additionally, we meticulously evaluate representative methods using Protocol 1 and Protocol 2 (Unknown-Type). Through an in-depth examination of the challenge outcomes and benchmark baselines, we provide insightful analyses and propose potential avenues for future research. The dataset is released under Insightface 1 .  
  Address Vancouver; Canada; June 2023  
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  Area Expedition Conference CVPRW  
  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ WGS2023 Serial 3919  
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Author Danna Xue; Fei Yang; Pei Wang; Luis Herranz; Jinqiu Sun; Yu Zhu; Yanning Zhang edit   pdf
doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title SlimSeg: Slimmable Semantic Segmentation with Boundary Supervision Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 6539-6548  
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  Abstract Accurate semantic segmentation models typically require significant computational resources, inhibiting their use in practical applications. Recent works rely on well-crafted lightweight models to achieve fast inference. However, these models cannot flexibly adapt to varying accuracy and efficiency requirements. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective slimmable semantic segmentation (SlimSeg) method, which can be executed at different capacities during inference depending on the desired accuracy-efficiency tradeoff. More specifically, we employ parametrized channel slimming by stepwise downward knowledge distillation during training. Motivated by the observation that the differences between segmentation results of each submodel are mainly near the semantic borders, we introduce an additional boundary guided semantic segmentation loss to further improve the performance of each submodel. We show that our proposed SlimSeg with various mainstream networks can produce flexible models that provide dynamic adjustment of computational cost and better performance than independent models. Extensive experiments on semantic segmentation benchmarks, Cityscapes and CamVid, demonstrate the generalization ability of our framework.  
  Address Lisboa, Portugal, October 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Association for Computing Machinery Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-1-4503-9203-7 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference MM  
  Notes MACO; 600.161; 601.400 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ XYW2022 Serial 3758  
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Author J.S. Cope; P.Remagnino; S.Mannan; Katerine Diaz; Francesc J. Ferri; P.Wilkin edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Reverse Engineering Expert Visual Observations: From Fixations To The Learning Of Spatial Filters With A Neural-Gas Algorithm Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Expert Systems with Applications Abbreviated Journal EXWA  
  Volume 40 Issue 17 Pages (up) 6707-6712  
  Keywords Neural gas; Expert vision; Eye-tracking; Fixations  
  Abstract Human beings can become experts in performing specific vision tasks, for example, doctors analysing medical images, or botanists studying leaves. With sufficient knowledge and experience, people can become very efficient at such tasks. When attempting to perform these tasks with a machine vision system, it would be highly beneficial to be able to replicate the process which the expert undergoes. Advances in eye-tracking technology can provide data to allow us to discover the manner in which an expert studies an image. This paper presents a first step towards utilizing these data for computer vision purposes. A growing-neural-gas algorithm is used to learn a set of Gabor filters which give high responses to image regions which a human expert fixated on. These filters can then be used to identify regions in other images which are likely to be useful for a given vision task. The algorithm is evaluated by learning filters for locating specific areas of plant leaves.  
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  ISSN 0957-4174 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ CRM2013 Serial 2438  
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Author Lorenzo Porzi; Markus Hofinger; Idoia Ruiz; Joan Serrat; Samuel Rota Bulo; Peter Kontschieder edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Learning Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation from Automatic Annotations Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication 33rd IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 6845-6854  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In this work we contribute a novel pipeline to automatically generate training data, and to improve over state-of-the-art multi-object tracking and segmentation (MOTS) methods. Our proposed track mining algorithm turns raw street-level videos into high-fidelity MOTS training data, is scalable and overcomes the need of expensive and time-consuming manual annotation approaches. We leverage state-of-the-art instance segmentation results in combination with optical flow predictions, also trained on automatically harvested training data. Our second major contribution is MOTSNet – a deep learning, tracking-by-detection architecture for MOTS – deploying a novel mask-pooling layer for improved object association over time. Training MOTSNet with our automatically extracted data leads to significantly improved sMOTSA scores on the novel KITTI MOTS dataset (+1.9%/+7.5% on cars/pedestrians), and MOTSNet improves by +4.1% over previously best methods on the MOTSChallenge dataset. Our most impressive finding is that we can improve over previous best-performing works, even in complete absence of manually annotated MOTS training data.  
  Address virtual; June 2020  
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  Area Expedition Conference CVPR  
  Notes ADAS; 600.124; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PHR2020 Serial 3402  
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Author Abel Gonzalez-Garcia; Davide Modolo; Vittorio Ferrari edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Objects as context for detecting their semantic parts Type Conference Article
  Year 2018 Publication 31st IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 6907 - 6916  
  Keywords Proposals; Semantics; Wheels; Automobiles; Context modeling; Task analysis; Object detection  
  Abstract We present a semantic part detection approach that effectively leverages object information. We use the object appearance and its class as indicators of what parts to expect. We also model the expected relative location of parts inside the objects based on their appearance. We achieve this with a new network module, called OffsetNet, that efficiently predicts a variable number of part locations within a given object. Our model incorporates all these cues to
detect parts in the context of their objects. This leads to considerably higher performance for the challenging task of part detection compared to using part appearance alone (+5 mAP on the PASCAL-Part dataset). We also compare
to other part detection methods on both PASCAL-Part and CUB200-2011 datasets.
 
  Address Salt Lake City; USA; June 2018  
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  Notes LAMP; 600.109; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GMF2018 Serial 3229  
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Author Armin Mehri; Parichehr Behjati Ardakani; Angel Sappa edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title LiNet: A Lightweight Network for Image Super Resolution Type Conference Article
  Year 2021 Publication 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 7196-7202  
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  Abstract This paper proposes a new lightweight network, LiNet, that enhancing technical efficiency in lightweight super resolution and operating approximately like very large and costly networks in terms of number of network parameters and operations. The proposed architecture allows the network to learn more abstract properties by avoiding low-level information via multiple links. LiNet introduces a Compact Dense Module, which contains set of inner and outer blocks, to efficiently extract meaningful information, to better leverage multi-level representations before upsampling stage, and to allow an efficient information and gradient flow within the network. Experiments on benchmark datasets show that the proposed LiNet achieves favorable performance against lightweight state-of-the-art methods.  
  Address Virtual; January 2021  
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  Notes MSIAU; 600.130; 600.122 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MAS2021a Serial 3583  
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Author JW Xiao; CB Zhang; J. Feng; Xialei Liu; Joost Van de Weijer; MM Cheng edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Endpoints Weight Fusion for Class Incremental Semantic Segmentation Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 7204-7213  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Class incremental semantic segmentation (CISS) focuses on alleviating catastrophic forgetting to improve discrimination. Previous work mainly exploit regularization (e.g., knowledge distillation) to maintain previous knowledge in the current model. However, distillation alone often yields limited gain to the model since only the representations of old and new models are restricted to be consistent. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method to obtain a model with strong memory of old knowledge, named Endpoints Weight Fusion (EWF). In our method, the model containing old knowledge is fused with the model retaining new knowledge in a dynamic fusion manner, strengthening the memory of old classes in ever-changing distributions. In addition, we analyze the relation between our fusion strategy and a popular moving average technique EMA, which reveals why our method is more suitable for class-incremental learning. To facilitate parameter fusion with closer distance in the parameter space, we use distillation to enhance the optimization process. Furthermore, we conduct experiments on two widely used datasets, achieving the state-of-the-art performance.  
  Address Vancouver; Canada; June 2023  
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  Area Expedition Conference CVPR  
  Notes LAMP Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ XZF2023 Serial 3854  
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Author Joan Marc Llargues Asensio; Juan Peralta; Raul Arrabales; Manuel Gonzalez Bedia; Paulo Cortez; Antonio Lopez edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Artificial Intelligence Approaches for the Generation and Assessment of Believable Human-Like Behaviour in Virtual Characters Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Expert Systems With Applications Abbreviated Journal EXSY  
  Volume 41 Issue 16 Pages (up) 7281–7290  
  Keywords Turing test; Human-like behaviour; Believability; Non-player characters; Cognitive architectures; Genetic algorithm; Artificial neural networks  
  Abstract Having artificial agents to autonomously produce human-like behaviour is one of the most ambitious original goals of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and remains an open problem nowadays. The imitation game originally proposed by Turing constitute a very effective method to prove the indistinguishability of an artificial agent. The behaviour of an agent is said to be indistinguishable from that of a human when observers (the so-called judges in the Turing test) cannot tell apart humans and non-human agents. Different environments, testing protocols, scopes and problem domains can be established to develop limited versions or variants of the original Turing test. In this paper we use a specific version of the Turing test, based on the international BotPrize competition, built in a First-Person Shooter video game, where both human players and non-player characters interact in complex virtual environments. Based on our past experience both in the BotPrize competition and other robotics and computer game AI applications we have developed three new more advanced controllers for believable agents: two based on a combination of the CERA–CRANIUM and SOAR cognitive architectures and other based on ADANN, a system for the automatic evolution and adaptation of artificial neural networks. These two new agents have been put to the test jointly with CCBot3, the winner of BotPrize 2010 competition (Arrabales et al., 2012), and have showed a significant improvement in the humanness ratio. Additionally, we have confronted all these bots to both First-person believability assessment (BotPrize original judging protocol) and Third-person believability assessment, demonstrating that the active involvement of the judge has a great impact in the recognition of human-like behaviour.  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.055; 600.057; 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ LPA2014 Serial 2500  
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Author Jorge Bernal; F. Javier Sanchez; Fernando Vilariño edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Impact of Image Preprocessing Methods on Polyp Localization in Colonoscopy Frames Type Conference Article
  Year 2013 Publication 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 7350 - 7354  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In this paper we present our image preprocessing methods as a key part of our automatic polyp localization scheme. These methods are used to assess the impact of different endoluminal scene elements when characterizing polyps. More precisely we tackle the influence of specular highlights, blood vessels and black mask surrounding the scene. Experimental results prove that the appropriate handling of these elements leads to a great improvement in polyp localization results.  
  Address Osaka; Japan; July 2013  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1557-170X ISBN Medium  
  Area 800 Expedition Conference EMBC  
  Notes MV; 600.047; 600.060;SIAI Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BSV2013 Serial 2286  
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Author Simone Balocco; Carlo Gatta; Marina Alberti; Xavier Carrillo; Juan Rigla; Petia Radeva edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Relation between plaque type, plaque thickness, blood shear stress and plaque stress in coronary arteries assessed by X-ray Angiography and Intravascular Ultrasound Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Medical Physics Abbreviated Journal MEDPHYS  
  Volume 39 Issue 12 Pages (up) 7430-7445  
  Keywords  
  Abstract PMID 23231293
PURPOSE:
Atheromatic plaque progression is affected, among others phenomena, by biomechanical, biochemical, and physiological factors. In this paper, the authors introduce a novel framework able to provide both morphological (vessel radius, plaque thickness, and type) and biomechanical (wall shear stress and Von Mises stress) indices of coronary arteries.
METHODS:
First, the approach reconstructs the three-dimensional morphology of the vessel from intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and Angiographic sequences, requiring minimal user interaction. Then, a computational pipeline allows to automatically assess fluid-dynamic and mechanical indices. Ten coronary arteries are analyzed illustrating the capabilities of the tool and confirming previous technical and clinical observations.
RESULTS:
The relations between the arterial indices obtained by IVUS measurement and simulations have been quantitatively analyzed along the whole surface of the artery, extending the analysis of the coronary arteries shown in previous state of the art studies. Additionally, for the first time in the literature, the framework allows the computation of the membrane stresses using a simplified mechanical model of the arterial wall.
CONCLUSIONS:
Circumferentially (within a given frame), statistical analysis shows an inverse relation between the wall shear stress and the plaque thickness. At the global level (comparing a frame within the entire vessel), it is observed that heavy plaque accumulations are in general calcified and are located in the areas of the vessel having high wall shear stress. Finally, in their experiments the inverse proportionality between fluid and structural stresses is observed.
 
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  Notes MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @BGA2012 Serial 2170  
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Author Debora Gil; Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Julien Enconniere; Saryani Asmayawati; Pau Folch; Juan Borrego-Carazo; Miquel Angel Piera edit  doi
openurl 
  Title E-Pilots: A System to Predict Hard Landing During the Approach Phase of Commercial Flights Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication IEEE Access Abbreviated Journal ACCESS  
  Volume 10 Issue Pages (up) 7489-7503  
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  Abstract More than half of all commercial aircraft operation accidents could have been prevented by executing a go-around. Making timely decision to execute a go-around manoeuvre can potentially reduce overall aviation industry accident rate. In this paper, we describe a cockpit-deployable machine learning system to support flight crew go-around decision-making based on the prediction of a hard landing event.
This work presents a hybrid approach for hard landing prediction that uses features modelling temporal dependencies of aircraft variables as inputs to a neural network. Based on a large dataset of 58177 commercial flights, the results show that our approach has 85% of average sensitivity with 74% of average specificity at the go-around point. It follows that our approach is a cockpit-deployable recommendation system that outperforms existing approaches.
 
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  Notes IAM; 600.139; 600.118; 600.145 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GHE2022 Serial 3721  
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Author Albert Ali Salah; E. Pauwels; R. Tavenard; Theo Gevers edit  doi
openurl 
  Title T-Patterns Revisited: Mining for Temporal Patterns in Sensor Data Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume 10 Issue 8 Pages (up) 7496-7513  
  Keywords sensor networks; temporal pattern extraction; T-patterns; Lempel-Ziv; Gaussian mixture model; MERL motion data  
  Abstract The trend to use large amounts of simple sensors as opposed to a few complex sensors to monitor places and systems creates a need for temporal pattern mining algorithms to work on such data. The methods that try to discover re-usable and interpretable patterns in temporal event data have several shortcomings. We contrast several recent approaches to the problem, and extend the T-Pattern algorithm, which was previously applied for detection of sequential patterns in behavioural sciences. The temporal complexity of the T-pattern approach is prohibitive in the scenarios we consider. We remedy this with a statistical model to obtain a fast and robust algorithm to find patterns in temporal data. We test our algorithm on a recent database collected with passive infrared sensors with millions of events.  
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  Notes ALTRES;ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SPT2010 Serial 1845  
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Author Xialei Liu; Joost Van de Weijer; Andrew Bagdanov edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Leveraging Unlabeled Data for Crowd Counting by Learning to Rank Type Conference Article
  Year 2018 Publication 31st IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages (up) 7661 - 7669  
  Keywords Task analysis; Training; Computer vision; Visualization; Estimation; Head; Context modeling  
  Abstract We propose a novel crowd counting approach that leverages abundantly available unlabeled crowd imagery in a learning-to-rank framework. To induce a ranking of
cropped images , we use the observation that any sub-image of a crowded scene image is guaranteed to contain the same number or fewer persons than the super-image. This allows us to address the problem of limited size of existing
datasets for crowd counting. We collect two crowd scene datasets from Google using keyword searches and queryby-example image retrieval, respectively. We demonstrate how to efficiently learn from these unlabeled datasets by incorporating learning-to-rank in a multi-task network which simultaneously ranks images and estimates crowd density maps. Experiments on two of the most challenging crowd counting datasets show that our approach obtains state-ofthe-art results.
 
  Address Salt Lake City; USA; June 2018  
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  Area Expedition Conference CVPR  
  Notes LAMP; 600.109; 600.106; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ LWB2018 Serial 3159  
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