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Author |
Arjan Gijsenij; Theo Gevers; Joost Van de Weijer |
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Title |
Physics-based Edge Evaluation for Improved Color Constancy |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
22nd IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
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Pages |
581 – 588 |
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Edge-based color constancy makes use of image derivatives to estimate the illuminant. However, different edge types exist in real-world images such as shadow, geometry, material and highlight edges. These different edge types may have a distinctive influence on the performance of the illuminant estimation. |
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Miami, USA |
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1063-6919 |
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978-1-4244-3992-8 |
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CVPR |
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CAT;ISE |
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no |
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CAT @ cat @ GGW2009 |
Serial |
1197 |
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Author |
Bogdan Raducanu; Fadi Dornaika |
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Title |
Natural Facial Expression Recognition Using Dynamic and Static Schemes |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
5th International Symposium on Visual Computing |
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Volume |
5875 |
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Pages |
730–739 |
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Affective computing is at the core of a new paradigm in HCI and AI represented by human-centered computing. Within this paradigm, it is expected that machines will be enabled with perceiving capabilities, making them aware about users’ affective state. The current paper addresses the problem of facial expression recognition from monocular videos sequences. We propose a dynamic facial expression recognition scheme, which is proven to be very efficient. Furthermore, it is conveniently compared with several static-based systems adopting different magnitude of facial expression. We provide evaluations of performance using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Non parametric Discriminant Analysis (NDA), and Support Vector Machines (SVM). We also provide performance evaluations using arbitrary test video sequences. |
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Las Vegas, USA |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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LNCS |
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0302-9743 |
ISBN |
978-3-642-10330-8 |
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ISVC |
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OR;MV |
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no |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ RaD2009 |
Serial |
1257 |
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Author |
Mehdi Mirza-Mohammadi; Sergio Escalera; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Contextual-Guided Bag-of-Visual-Words Model for Multi-class Object Categorization |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
13th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns |
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Volume |
5702 |
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Pages |
748–756 |
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Abstract |
Bag-of-words model (BOW) is inspired by the text classification problem, where a document is represented by an unsorted set of contained words. Analogously, in the object categorization problem, an image is represented by an unsorted set of discrete visual words (BOVW). In these models, relations among visual words are performed after dictionary construction. However, close object regions can have far descriptions in the feature space, being grouped as different visual words. In this paper, we present a method for considering geometrical information of visual words in the dictionary construction step. Object interest regions are obtained by means of the Harris-Affine detector and then described using the SIFT descriptor. Afterward, a contextual-space and a feature-space are defined, and a merging process is used to fuse feature words based on their proximity in the contextual-space. Moreover, we use the Error Correcting Output Codes framework to learn the new dictionary in order to perform multi-class classification. Results show significant classification improvements when spatial information is taken into account in the dictionary construction step. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-642-03766-5 |
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CAIP |
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HuPBA; MILAB |
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no |
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Call Number |
BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ MEP2009 |
Serial |
1185 |
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Author |
Fadi Dornaika; Bogdan Raducanu |
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Title |
Three-Dimensional Face Pose Detection and Tracking Using Monocular Videos: Tool and Application |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics part B |
Abbreviated Journal |
TSMCB |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
935–944 |
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Abstract |
Recently, we have proposed a real-time tracker that simultaneously tracks the 3-D head pose and facial actions in monocular video sequences that can be provided by low quality cameras. This paper has two main contributions. First, we propose an automatic 3-D face pose initialization scheme for the real-time tracker by adopting a 2-D face detector and an eigenface system. Second, we use the proposed methods-the initialization and tracking-for enhancing the human-machine interaction functionality of an AIBO robot. More precisely, we show how the orientation of the robot's camera (or any active vision system) can be controlled through the estimation of the user's head pose. Applications based on head-pose imitation such as telepresence, virtual reality, and video games can directly exploit the proposed techniques. Experiments on real videos confirm the robustness and usefulness of the proposed methods. |
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OR;MV |
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no |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ DoR2009a |
Serial |
1218 |
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Author |
Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Joost Van de Weijer; Maria Vanrell |
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Title |
Top-Down Color Attention for Object Recognition |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
12th International Conference on Computer Vision |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
979 - 986 |
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Abstract |
Generally the bag-of-words based image representation follows a bottom-up paradigm. The subsequent stages of the process: feature detection, feature description, vocabulary construction and image representation are performed independent of the intentioned object classes to be detected. In such a framework, combining multiple cues such as shape and color often provides below-expected results. This paper presents a novel method for recognizing object categories when using multiple cues by separating the shape and color cue. Color is used to guide attention by means of a top-down category-specific attention map. The color attention map is then further deployed to modulate the shape features by taking more features from regions within an image that are likely to contain an object instance. This procedure leads to a category-specific image histogram representation for each category. Furthermore, we argue that the method combines the advantages of both early and late fusion. We compare our approach with existing methods that combine color and shape cues on three data sets containing varied importance of both cues, namely, Soccer ( color predominance), Flower (color and shape parity), and PASCAL VOC Challenge 2007 (shape predominance). The experiments clearly demonstrate that in all three data sets our proposed framework significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for combining color and shape information. |
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Kyoto, Japan |
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ISSN |
1550-5499 |
ISBN |
978-1-4244-4420-5 |
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Conference |
ICCV |
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CIC |
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no |
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Call Number |
CAT @ cat @ SWV2009 |
Serial |
1196 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez; Horst Bunke |
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Title |
On the use of textural features for writer identification in old handwritten music scores |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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Pages |
996 - 1000 |
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Writer identification consists in determining the writer of a piece of handwriting from a set of writers. In this paper we present a system for writer identification in old handwritten music scores which uses only music notation to determine the author. The steps of the proposed system are the following. First of all, the music sheet is preprocessed for obtaining a music score without the staff lines. Afterwards, four different methods for generating texture images from music symbols are applied. Every approach uses a different spatial variation when combining the music symbols to generate the textures. Finally, Gabor filters and Grey-scale Co-ocurrence matrices are used to obtain the features. The classification is performed using a k-NN classifier based on Euclidean distance. The proposed method has been tested on a database of old music scores from the 17th to 19th centuries, achieving encouraging identification rates. |
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Barcelona |
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1520-5363 |
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978-1-4244-4500-4 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG |
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no |
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Call Number |
DAG @ dag @ FLS2009b |
Serial |
1223 |
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Author |
Sergio Escalera; Alicia Fornes; Oriol Pujol; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Multi-class Binary Symbol Classification with Circular Blurred Shape Models |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
15th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing |
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Volume |
5716 |
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Pages |
1005–1014 |
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Multi-class binary symbol classification requires the use of rich descriptors and robust classifiers. Shape representation is a difficult task because of several symbol distortions, such as occlusions, elastic deformations, gaps or noise. In this paper, we present the Circular Blurred Shape Model descriptor. This descriptor encodes the arrangement information of object parts in a correlogram structure. A prior blurring degree defines the level of distortion allowed to the symbol. Moreover, we learn the new feature space using a set of Adaboost classifiers, which are combined in the Error-Correcting Output Codes framework to deal with the multi-class categorization problem. The presented work has been validated over different multi-class data sets, and compared to the state-of-the-art descriptors, showing significant performance improvements. |
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Salerno, Italy |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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LNCS |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-642-04145-7 |
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ICIAP |
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MILAB;HuPBA;DAG |
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no |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ EFP2009c |
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1186 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Ricard Coll; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Graphological Analysis of Handwritten Text Documents for Human Resources Recruitment |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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1081–1085 |
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The use of graphology in recruitment processes has become a popular tool in many human resources companies. This paper presents a model that links features from handwritten images to a number of personality characteristics used to measure applicant aptitudes for the job in a particular hiring scenario. In particular we propose a model of measuring active personality and leadership of the writer. Graphological features that define such a profile are measured in terms of document and script attributes like layout configuration, letter size, shape, slant and skew angle of lines, etc. After the extraction, data is classified using a neural network. An experimental framework with real samples has been constructed to illustrate the performance of the approach. |
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Barcelona, Spain |
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1520-5363 |
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978-1-4244-4500-4 |
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DAG |
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no |
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DAG @ dag @ CFL2009 |
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1221 |
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Author |
Oriol Pujol; David Masip |
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Title |
Geometry-Based Ensembles: Toward a Structural Characterization of the Classification Boundary |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
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TPAMI |
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31 |
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6 |
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1140–1146 |
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This article introduces a novel binary discriminative learning technique based on the approximation of the non-linear decision boundary by a piece-wise linear smooth additive model. The decision border is geometrically defined by means of the characterizing boundary points – points that belong to the optimal boundary under a certain notion of robustness. Based on these points, a set of locally robust linear classifiers is defined and assembled by means of a Tikhonov regularized optimization procedure in an additive model to create a final lambda-smooth decision rule. As a result, a very simple and robust classifier with a strong geometrical meaning and non-linear behavior is obtained. The simplicity of the method allows its extension to cope with some of nowadays machine learning challenges, such as online learning, large scale learning or parallelization, with linear computational complexity. We validate our approach on the UCI database. Finally, we apply our technique in online and large scale scenarios, and in six real life computer vision and pattern recognition problems: gender recognition, intravascular ultrasound tissue classification, speed traffic sign detection, Chagas' disease severity detection, clef classification and action recognition using a 3D accelerometer data. The results are promising and this paper opens a line of research that deserves further attention |
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OR;HuPBA;MV |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ PuM2009 |
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1252 |
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Fosca De Iorio; Carolina Malagelada; Fernando Azpiroz; M. Maluenda; C. Violanti; Laura Igual; Jordi Vitria; Juan R. Malagelada |
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Title |
Intestinal motor activity, endoluminal motion and transit |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Neurogastroenterology & Motility |
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NEUMOT |
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21 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1264–e119 |
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A programme for evaluation of intestinal motility has been recently developed based on endoluminal image analysis using computer vision methodology and machine learning techniques. Our aim was to determine the effect of intestinal muscle inhibition on wall motion, dynamics of luminal content and transit in the small bowel. Fourteen healthy subjects ingested the endoscopic capsule (Pillcam, Given Imaging) in fasting conditions. Seven of them received glucagon (4.8 microg kg(-1) bolus followed by a 9.6 microg kg(-1) h(-1) infusion during 1 h) and in the other seven, fasting activity was recorded, as controls. This dose of glucagon has previously shown to inhibit both tonic and phasic intestinal motor activity. Endoluminal image and displacement was analyzed by means of a computer vision programme specifically developed for the evaluation of muscular activity (contractile and non-contractile patterns), intestinal contents, endoluminal motion and transit. Thirty-minute periods before, during and after glucagon infusion were analyzed and compared with equivalent periods in controls. No differences were found in the parameters measured during the baseline (pretest) periods when comparing glucagon and control experiments. During glucagon infusion, there was a significant reduction in contractile activity (0.2 +/- 0.1 vs 4.2 +/- 0.9 luminal closures per min, P < 0.05; 0.4 +/- 0.1 vs 3.4 +/- 1.2% of images with radial wrinkles, P < 0.05) and a significant reduction of endoluminal motion (82 +/- 9 vs 21 +/- 10% of static images, P < 0.05). Endoluminal image analysis, by means of computer vision and machine learning techniques, can reliably detect reduced intestinal muscle activity and motion. |
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OR;MILAB;MV |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ DMA2009 |
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1251 |
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Author |
Fadi Dornaika; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
A Featureless and Stochastic Approach to On-board Stereo Vision System Pose |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Image and Vision Computing |
Abbreviated Journal |
IMAVIS |
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27 |
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9 |
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1382–1393 |
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On-board stereo vision system; Pose estimation; Featureless approach; Particle filtering; Image warping |
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This paper presents a direct and stochastic technique for real-time estimation of on-board stereo head’s position and orientation. Unlike existing works which rely on feature extraction either in the image domain or in 3D space, our proposed approach directly estimates the unknown parameters from the stream of stereo pairs’ brightness. The pose parameters are tracked using the particle filtering framework which implicitly enforces the smoothness constraints on the estimated parameters. The proposed technique can be used with a driver assistance applications as well as with augmented reality applications. Extended experiments on urban environments with different road geometries are presented. Comparisons with a 3D data-based approach are presented. Moreover, we provide a performance study aiming at evaluating the accuracy of the proposed approach. |
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ADAS |
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ADAS @ adas @ DoS2009b |
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1152 |
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Author |
Sergio Escalera; Alicia Fornes; O. Pujol; Petia Radeva; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Blurred Shape Model for Binary and Grey-level Symbol Recognition |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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30 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
1424–1433 |
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Many symbol recognition problems require the use of robust descriptors in order to obtain rich information of the data. However, the research of a good descriptor is still an open issue due to the high variability of symbols appearance. Rotation, partial occlusions, elastic deformations, intra-class and inter-class variations, or high variability among symbols due to different writing styles, are just a few problems. In this paper, we introduce a symbol shape description to deal with the changes in appearance that these types of symbols suffer. The shape of the symbol is aligned based on principal components to make the recognition invariant to rotation and reflection. Then, we present the Blurred Shape Model descriptor (BSM), where new features encode the probability of appearance of each pixel that outlines the symbols shape. Moreover, we include the new descriptor in a system to deal with multi-class symbol categorization problems. Adaboost is used to train the binary classifiers, learning the BSM features that better split symbol classes. Then, the binary problems are embedded in an Error-Correcting Output Codes framework (ECOC) to deal with the multi-class case. The methodology is evaluated on different synthetic and real data sets. State-of-the-art descriptors and classifiers are compared, showing the robustness and better performance of the present scheme to classify symbols with high variability of appearance. |
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HuPBA; DAG; MILAB |
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no |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ EFP2009a |
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1180 |
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Author |
Jordi Gonzalez; Dani Rowe; Javier Varona; Xavier Roca |
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Title |
Understanding Dynamic Scenes based on Human Sequence Evaluation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Image and Vision Computing |
Abbreviated Journal |
IMAVIS |
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27 |
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10 |
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1433–1444 |
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Image Sequence Evaluation; High-level processing of monitored scenes; Segmentation and tracking in complex scenes; Event recognition in dynamic scenes; Human motion understanding; Human behaviour interpretation; Natural-language text generation; Realistic demonstrators |
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In this paper, a Cognitive Vision System (CVS) is presented, which explains the human behaviour of monitored scenes using natural-language texts. This cognitive analysis of human movements recorded in image sequences is here referred to as Human Sequence Evaluation (HSE) which defines a set of transformation modules involved in the automatic generation of semantic descriptions from pixel values. In essence, the trajectories of human agents are obtained to generate textual interpretations of their motion, and also to infer the conceptual relationships of each agent w.r.t. its environment. For this purpose, a human behaviour model based on Situation Graph Trees (SGTs) is considered, which permits both bottom-up (hypothesis generation) and top-down (hypothesis refinement) analysis of dynamic scenes. The resulting system prototype interprets different kinds of behaviour and reports textual descriptions in multiple languages. |
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ISE |
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ISE @ ise @ GRV2009 |
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1211 |
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Author |
Ivan Huerta; Michael Holte; Thomas B. Moeslund; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Detection and Removal of Chromatic Moving Shadows in Surveillance Scenarios |
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Conference Article |
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2009 |
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12th International Conference on Computer Vision |
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1499 - 1506 |
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Segmentation in the surveillance domain has to deal with shadows to avoid distortions when detecting moving objects. Most segmentation approaches dealing with shadow detection are typically restricted to penumbra shadows. Therefore, such techniques cannot cope well with umbra shadows. Consequently, umbra shadows are usually detected as part of moving objects. In this paper we present a novel technique based on gradient and colour models for separating chromatic moving cast shadows from detected moving objects. Firstly, both a chromatic invariant colour cone model and an invariant gradient model are built to perform automatic segmentation while detecting potential shadows. In a second step, regions corresponding to potential shadows are grouped by considering “a bluish effect” and an edge partitioning. Lastly, (i) temporal similarities between textures and (ii) spatial similarities between chrominance angle and brightness distortions are analysed for all potential shadow regions in order to finally identify umbra shadows. Unlike other approaches, our method does not make any a-priori assumptions about camera location, surface geometries, surface textures, shapes and types of shadows, objects, and background. Experimental results show the performance and accuracy of our approach in different shadowed materials and illumination conditions. |
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Kyoto, Japan |
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1550-5499 |
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978-1-4244-4420-5 |
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ICCV |
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ISE @ ise @ HHM2009 |
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1213 |
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Joost Van de Weijer; Cordelia Schmid; Jakob Verbeek; Diane Larlus |
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Learning Color Names for Real-World Applications |
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2009 |
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IEEE Transaction in Image Processing |
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TIP |
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18 |
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7 |
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1512–1524 |
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Color names are required in real-world applications such as image retrieval and image annotation. Traditionally, they are learned from a collection of labelled color chips. These color chips are labelled with color names within a well-defined experimental setup by human test subjects. However naming colors in real-world images differs significantly from this experimental setting. In this paper, we investigate how color names learned from color chips compare to color names learned from real-world images. To avoid hand labelling real-world images with color names we use Google Image to collect a data set. Due to limitations of Google Image this data set contains a substantial quantity of wrongly labelled data. We propose several variants of the PLSA model to learn color names from this noisy data. Experimental results show that color names learned from real-world images significantly outperform color names learned from labelled color chips for both image retrieval and image annotation. |
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1057-7149 |
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CAT @ cat @ WSV2009 |
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1195 |
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