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Author R. Valenti; N. Sebe; Theo Gevers
Title What are you looking at? Improving Visual gaze Estimation by Saliency Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication International Journal of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal IJCV
Volume 98 Issue 3 Pages 324-334
Keywords
Abstract Impact factor 2010: 5.15
Impact factor 2011/12?: 5.36
In this paper we present a novel mechanism to obtain enhanced gaze estimation for subjects looking at a scene or an image. The system makes use of prior knowledge about the scene (e.g. an image on a computer screen), to define a probability map of the scene the subject is gazing at, in order to find the most probable location. The proposed system helps in correcting the fixations which are erroneously estimated by the gaze estimation device by employing a saliency framework to adjust the resulting gaze point vector. The system is tested on three scenarios: using eye tracking data, enhancing a low accuracy webcam based eye tracker, and using a head pose tracker. The correlation between the subjects in the commercial eye tracking data is improved by an average of 13.91%. The correlation on the low accuracy eye gaze tracker is improved by 59.85%, and for the head pose tracker we obtain an improvement of 10.23%. These results show the potential of the system as a way to enhance and self-calibrate different visual gaze estimation systems.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0920-5691 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes ALTRES;ISE Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ VSG2012 Serial 1848
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Author R. Valenti; Theo Gevers
Title Accurate Eye Center Location through Invariant Isocentric Patterns Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI
Volume 34 Issue 9 Pages 1785-1798
Keywords
Abstract Impact factor 2010: 5.308
Impact factor 2011/12?: 5.96
Locating the center of the eyes allows for valuable information to be captured and used in a wide range of applications. Accurate eye center location can be determined using commercial eye-gaze trackers, but additional constraints and expensive hardware make these existing solutions unattractive and impossible to use on standard (i.e., visible wavelength), low-resolution images of eyes. Systems based solely on appearance are proposed in the literature, but their accuracy does not allow us to accurately locate and distinguish eye centers movements in these low-resolution settings. Our aim is to bridge this gap by locating the center of the eye within the area of the pupil on low-resolution images taken from a webcam or a similar device. The proposed method makes use of isophote properties to gain invariance to linear lighting changes (contrast and brightness), to achieve in-plane rotational invariance, and to keep low-computational costs. To further gain scale invariance, the approach is applied to a scale space pyramid. In this paper, we extensively test our approach for its robustness to changes in illumination, head pose, scale, occlusion, and eye rotation. We demonstrate that our system can achieve a significant improvement in accuracy over state-of-the-art techniques for eye center location in standard low-resolution imagery.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0162-8828 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes ALTRES;ISE Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ VaG 2012a Serial 1849
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Author Arjan Gijsenij; Theo Gevers; Joost Van de Weijer
Title Improving Color Constancy by Photometric Edge Weighting Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI
Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 918-929
Keywords
Abstract : Edge-based color constancy methods make use of image derivatives to estimate the illuminant. However, different edge types exist in real-world images such as material, shadow and highlight edges. These different edge types may have a distinctive influence on the performance of the illuminant estimation. Therefore, in this paper, an extensive analysis is provided of different edge types on the performance of edge-based color constancy methods. First, an edge-based taxonomy is presented classifying edge types based on their photometric properties (e.g. material, shadow-geometry and highlights). Then, a performance evaluation of edge-based color constancy is provided using these different edge types. From this performance evaluation it is derived that specular and shadow edge types are more valuable than material edges for the estimation of the illuminant. To this end, the (iterative) weighted Grey-Edge algorithm is proposed in which these edge types are more emphasized for the estimation of the illuminant. Images that are recorded under controlled circumstances demonstrate that the proposed iterative weighted Grey-Edge algorithm based on highlights reduces the median angular error with approximately $25\%$. In an uncontrolled environment, improvements in angular error up to $11\%$ are obtained with respect to regular edge-based color constancy.
Address Los Alamitos; CA; USA;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0162-8828 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes CIC;ISE Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ GGW2012 Serial 1850
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Author R. Valenti; Theo Gevers
Title Combining Head Pose and Eye Location Information for Gaze Estimation Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP
Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 802-815
Keywords
Abstract Impact factor 2010: 2.92
Impact factor 2011/12?: 3.32
Head pose and eye location for gaze estimation have been separately studied in numerous works in the literature. Previous research shows that satisfactory accuracy in head pose and eye location estimation can be achieved in constrained settings. However, in the presence of nonfrontal faces, eye locators are not adequate to accurately locate the center of the eyes. On the other hand, head pose estimation techniques are able to deal with these conditions; hence, they may be suited to enhance the accuracy of eye localization. Therefore, in this paper, a hybrid scheme is proposed to combine head pose and eye location information to obtain enhanced gaze estimation. To this end, the transformation matrix obtained from the head pose is used to normalize the eye regions, and in turn, the transformation matrix generated by the found eye location is used to correct the pose estimation procedure. The scheme is designed to enhance the accuracy of eye location estimations, particularly in low-resolution videos, to extend the operative range of the eye locators, and to improve the accuracy of the head pose tracker. These enhanced estimations are then combined to obtain a novel visual gaze estimation system, which uses both eye location and head information to refine the gaze estimates. From the experimental results, it can be derived that the proposed unified scheme improves the accuracy of eye estimations by 16% to 23%. Furthermore, it considerably extends its operating range by more than 15° by overcoming the problems introduced by extreme head poses. Moreover, the accuracy of the head pose tracker is improved by 12% to 24%. Finally, the experimentation on the proposed combined gaze estimation system shows that it is accurate (with a mean error between 2° and 5°) and that it can be used in cases where classic approaches would fail without imposing restraints on the position of the head.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1057-7149 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes ALTRES;ISE Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ VaG 2012b Serial 1851
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Author Arjan Gijsenij; R. Lu; Theo Gevers; De Xu
Title Color Constancy for Multiple Light Source Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP
Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 697-707
Keywords
Abstract Impact factor 2010: 2.92
Impact factor 2011/2012?: 3.32
Color constancy algorithms are generally based on the simplifying assumption that the spectral distribution of a light source is uniform across scenes. However, in reality, this assumption is often violated due to the presence of multiple light sources. In this paper, we will address more realistic scenarios where the uniform light-source assumption is too restrictive. First, a methodology is proposed to extend existing algorithms by applying color constancy locally to image patches, rather than globally to the entire image. After local (patch-based) illuminant estimation, these estimates are combined into more robust estimations, and a local correction is applied based on a modified diagonal model. Quantitative and qualitative experiments on spectral and real images show that the proposed methodology reduces the influence of two light sources simultaneously present in one scene. If the chromatic difference between these two illuminants is more than 1° , the proposed framework outperforms algorithms based on the uniform light-source assumption (with error-reduction up to approximately 30%). Otherwise, when the chromatic difference is less than 1° and the scene can be considered to contain one (approximately) uniform light source, the performance of the proposed method framework is similar to global color constancy methods.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1057-7149 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes ALTRES;ISE Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ GLG2012a Serial 1852
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Author Hamdi Dibeklioglu; Albert Ali Salah; Theo Gevers
Title A Statistical Method for 2D Facial Landmarking Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP
Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 844-858
Keywords
Abstract IF = 3.32
Many facial-analysis approaches rely on robust and accurate automatic facial landmarking to correctly function. In this paper, we describe a statistical method for automatic facial-landmark localization. Our landmarking relies on a parsimonious mixture model of Gabor wavelet features, computed in coarse-to-fine fashion and complemented with a shape prior. We assess the accuracy and the robustness of the proposed approach in extensive cross-database conditions conducted on four face data sets (Face Recognition Grand Challenge, Cohn-Kanade, Bosphorus, and BioID). Our method has 99.33% accuracy on the Bosphorus database and 97.62% accuracy on the BioID database on the average, which improves the state of the art. We show that the method is not significantly affected by low-resolution images, small rotations, facial expressions, and natural occlusions such as beard and mustache. We further test the goodness of the landmarks in a facial expression recognition application and report landmarking-induced improvement over baseline on two separate databases for video-based expression recognition (Cohn-Kanade and BU-4DFE).
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1057-7149 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes ALTRES;ISE Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ DSG 2012 Serial 1853
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Author Francesc Tanarro Marquez; Pau Gratacos Marti; F. Javier Sanchez; Joan Ramon Jimenez Minguell; Coen Antens; Enric Sala i Esteva
Title A device for monitoring condition of a railway supply Type Patent
Year 2012 Publication EP 2 404 777 A1 Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract of a railway supply line when the supply line is in contact with a head of a pantograph of a vehicle in order to power said vehicle . The device includes a camera ( for monitoring parameters indicative of operating capability of said supply line.
The device is intended to monitor condition
tive of operating capability of said supply line. The device includes a reflective element. comprising a pattern , intended to be arranged onto the pantograph head . The camera is intended to be arranged on the vehicle (10) so as to register the pattern position regarding a vertical direction.
Address
Corporate Author ALSTOM Transport SA Thesis
Publisher European Patent Office Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes MV Approved no
Call Number IAM @ iam @ MMS2012 Serial 1854
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Author Alberto Hidalgo; Ferran Poveda; Enric Marti;Debora Gil;Albert Andaluz; Francesc Carreras; Manuel Ballester
Title Evidence of continuous helical structure of the cardiac ventricular anatomy assessed by diffusion tensor imaging magnetic resonance multiresolution tractography Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication European Radiology Abbreviated Journal ECR
Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 361-362
Keywords
Abstract Deep understanding of myocardial structure linking morphology and func- tion of the heart would unravel crucial knowledge for medical and surgical clinical procedures and studies. Diffusion tensor MRI provides a discrete measurement of the 3D arrangement of myocardial fibres by the observation of local anisotropic
diffusion of water molecules in biological tissues. In this work, we present a multi- scale visualisation technique based on DT-MRI streamlining capable of uncovering additional properties of the architectural organisation of the heart. Methods and Materials: We selected the John Hopkins University (JHU) Canine Heart Dataset, where the long axis cardiac plane is aligned with the scanner’s Z- axis. Their equipment included a 4-element passed array coil emitting a 1.5 T. For DTI acquisition, a 3D-FSE sequence is apply. We used 200 seeds for full-scale tractography, while we applied a MIP mapping technique for simplified tractographic reconstruction. In this case, we reduced each DTI 3D volume dimensions by order- two magnitude before streamlining.
Our simplified tractographic reconstruction method keeps the main geometric features of fibres, allowing for an easier identification of their global morphological disposition, including the ventricular basal ring. Moreover, we noticed a clearly visible helical disposition of the myocardial fibres, in line with the helical myocardial band ventricular structure described by Torrent-Guasp. Finally, our simplified visualisation with single tracts identifies the main segments of the helical ventricular architecture.
DT-MRI makes possible the identification of a continuous helical architecture of the myocardial fibres, which validates Torrent-Guasp’s helical myocardial band ventricular anatomical model.
Address Viena, Austria
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Link Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1869-4101 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes IAM Approved no
Call Number IAM @ iam @ HPM2012 Serial 1858
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Author Albert Andaluz
Title Harmonic Phase Flow: User's guide Type Manual
Year 2012 Publication CVC Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract HPF is a plugin for the computation of clinical scores under Osirix.
This manual provides a basic guide for experienced clinical staff. Chapter 1 provides the theoretical background in which this plugin is based.
Next, in chapter 2 we provide basic instructions for installing and uninstalling this plugin. chapter 3we shows a step-by-step scenario to compute clinical scores from tagged-MRI images with HPF. Finally, in chapter 4 we provide a quick guide for plugin developers
Address Bellaterra, Barcelona (Spain)
Corporate Author Computer Vision Center Thesis
Publisher CVC Place of Publication Barcelona Editor
Language english Summary Language english Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes IAM Approved no
Call Number IAM @ iam @ And2012 Serial 1863
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Joost Van de Weijer; Maria Vanrell
Title Modulating Shape Features by Color Attention for Object Recognition Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication International Journal of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal IJCV
Volume 98 Issue 1 Pages 49-64
Keywords
Abstract Bag-of-words based image representation is a successful approach for object recognition. Generally, the subsequent stages of the process: feature detection,feature description, vocabulary construction and image representation are performed independent of the intentioned object classes to be detected. In such a framework, it was found that the combination of different image cues, such as shape and color, often obtains below expected results. This paper presents a novel method for recognizing object categories when using ultiple cues by separately processing the shape and color cues and combining them by modulating the shape features by category specific color attention. Color is used to compute bottom up and top-down attention maps. Subsequently, these color attention maps are used to modulate the weights of the shape features. In regions with higher attention shape features are given more weight than in regions with low attention. We compare our approach with existing methods that combine color and shape cues on five data sets containing varied importance of both cues, namely, Soccer (color predominance), Flower (color and hape parity), PASCAL VOC 2007 and 2009 (shape predominance) and Caltech-101 (color co-interference). The experiments clearly demonstrate that in all five data sets our proposed framework significantly outperforms existing methods for combining color and shape information.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Netherlands Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0920-5691 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes CIC Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ KWV2012 Serial 1864
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Author Jose Carlos Rubio; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez; Daniel Ponsa
Title Multiple target tracking for intelligent headlights control Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems Abbreviated Journal TITS
Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 594-605
Keywords Intelligent Headlights
Abstract Intelligent vehicle lighting systems aim at automatically regulating the headlights' beam to illuminate as much of the road ahead as possible while avoiding dazzling other drivers. A key component of such a system is computer vision software that is able to distinguish blobs due to vehicles' headlights and rear lights from those due to road lamps and reflective elements such as poles and traffic signs. In a previous work, we have devised a set of specialized supervised classifiers to make such decisions based on blob features related to its intensity and shape. Despite the overall good performance, there remain challenging that have yet to be solved: notably, faint and tiny blobs corresponding to quite distant vehicles. In fact, for such distant blobs, classification decisions can be taken after observing them during a few frames. Hence, incorporating tracking could improve the overall lighting system performance by enforcing the temporal consistency of the classifier decision. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the problem of constructing blob tracks, which is actually one of multiple-target tracking (MTT), but under two special conditions: We have to deal with frequent occlusions, as well as blob splits and merges. We approach it in a novel way by formulating the problem as a maximum a posteriori inference on a Markov random field. The qualitative (in video form) and quantitative evaluation of our new MTT method shows good tracking results. In addition, we will also see that the classification performance of the problematic blobs improves due to the proposed MTT algorithm.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1524-9050 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes ADAS Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ RLP2012; ADAS @ adas @ rsl2012g Serial 1877
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Author Bogdan Raducanu; Fadi Dornaika
Title A Supervised Non-linear Dimensionality Reduction Approach for Manifold Learning Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR
Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 2432-2444
Keywords
Abstract IF= 2.61
IF=2.61 (2010)
In this paper we introduce a novel supervised manifold learning technique called Supervised Laplacian Eigenmaps (S-LE), which makes use of class label information to guide the procedure of non-linear dimensionality reduction by adopting the large margin concept. The graph Laplacian is split into two components: within-class graph and between-class graph to better characterize the discriminant property of the data. Our approach has two important characteristics: (i) it adaptively estimates the local neighborhood surrounding each sample based on data density and similarity and (ii) the objective function simultaneously maximizes the local margin between heterogeneous samples and pushes the homogeneous samples closer to each other.

Our approach has been tested on several challenging face databases and it has been conveniently compared with other linear and non-linear techniques, demonstrating its superiority. Although we have concentrated in this paper on the face recognition problem, the proposed approach could also be applied to other category of objects characterized by large variations in their appearance (such as hand or body pose, for instance.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0031-3203 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes OR; MV Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ RaD2012a Serial 1884
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Author Sergio Escalera; Xavier Baro; Jordi Vitria; Petia Radeva; Bogdan Raducanu
Title Social Network Extraction and Analysis Based on Multimodal Dyadic Interaction Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS
Volume 12 Issue 2 Pages 1702-1719
Keywords
Abstract IF=1.77 (2010)
Social interactions are a very important component in peopleís lives. Social network analysis has become a common technique used to model and quantify the properties of social interactions. In this paper, we propose an integrated framework to explore the characteristics of a social network extracted from multimodal dyadic interactions. For our study, we used a set of videos belonging to New York Timesí Blogging Heads opinion blog.
The Social Network is represented as an oriented graph, whose directed links are determined by the Influence Model. The linksí weights are a measure of the ìinfluenceî a person has over the other. The states of the Influence Model encode automatically extracted audio/visual features from our videos using state-of-the art algorithms. Our results are reported in terms of accuracy of audio/visual data fusion for speaker segmentation and centrality measures used to characterize the extracted social network.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Molecular Diversity Preservation International Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes MILAB; OR;HuPBA;MV Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ EBV2012 Serial 1885
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Author Javier Marin; David Geronimo; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez
Title Pedestrian Detection: Exploring Virtual Worlds Type Book Chapter
Year 2012 Publication Handbook of Pattern Recognition: Methods and Application Abbreviated Journal
Volume 5 Issue Pages 145-162
Keywords Virtual worlds; Pedestrian Detection; Domain Adaptation
Abstract Handbook of pattern recognition will include contributions from university educators and active research experts. This Handbook is intended to serve as a basic reference on methods and applications of pattern recognition. The primary aim of this handbook is providing the community of pattern recognition with a readable, easy to understand resource that covers introductory, intermediate and advanced topics with equal clarity. Therefore, the Handbook of pattern recognition can serve equally well as reference resource and as classroom textbook. Contributions cover all methods, techniques and applications of pattern recognition. A tentative list of relevant topics might include: 1- Statistical, structural, syntactic pattern recognition. 2- Neural networks, machine learning, data mining. 3- Discrete geometry, algebraic, graph-based techniques for pattern recognition. 4- Face recognition, Signal analysis, image coding and processing, shape and texture analysis. 5- Document processing, text and graphics recognition, digital libraries. 6- Speech recognition, music analysis, multimedia systems. 7- Natural language analysis, information retrieval. 8- Biometrics, biomedical pattern analysis and information systems. 9- Other scientific, engineering, social and economical applications of pattern recognition. 10- Special hardware architectures, software packages for pattern recognition.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher iConcept Press Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-1-477554-82-1 Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes ADAS Approved no
Call Number ADAS @ adas @ MGV2012 Serial 1979
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Author Lluis Gomez
Title Perceptual Organization for Text Extraction in Natural Scenes Type Report
Year 2012 Publication CVC Technical Report Abbreviated Journal
Volume 173 Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract
Address Bellaterra
Corporate Author Thesis Master's thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference (up)
Notes DAG Approved no
Call Number Admin @ si @ Gom2012 Serial 2309
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