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| Author | R. Valenti; Theo Gevers | ||||
| Title | Accurate Eye Center Location through Invariant Isocentric Patterns | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | TPAMI |
| Volume | 34 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 1785-1798 |
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| Abstract | Impact factor 2010: 5.308
Impact factor 2011/12?: 5.96 Locating the center of the eyes allows for valuable information to be captured and used in a wide range of applications. Accurate eye center location can be determined using commercial eye-gaze trackers, but additional constraints and expensive hardware make these existing solutions unattractive and impossible to use on standard (i.e., visible wavelength), low-resolution images of eyes. Systems based solely on appearance are proposed in the literature, but their accuracy does not allow us to accurately locate and distinguish eye centers movements in these low-resolution settings. Our aim is to bridge this gap by locating the center of the eye within the area of the pupil on low-resolution images taken from a webcam or a similar device. The proposed method makes use of isophote properties to gain invariance to linear lighting changes (contrast and brightness), to achieve in-plane rotational invariance, and to keep low-computational costs. To further gain scale invariance, the approach is applied to a scale space pyramid. In this paper, we extensively test our approach for its robustness to changes in illumination, head pose, scale, occlusion, and eye rotation. We demonstrate that our system can achieve a significant improvement in accuracy over state-of-the-art techniques for eye center location in standard low-resolution imagery. |
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| ISSN | 0162-8828 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | ALTRES;ISE | Approved | no | ||
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Admin @ si @ VaG 2012a | Serial | 1849 | ||
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| Author | R. Valenti; Theo Gevers | ||||
| Title | Combining Head Pose and Eye Location Information for Gaze Estimation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Image Processing | Abbreviated Journal | TIP |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 802-815 |
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| Abstract | Impact factor 2010: 2.92
Impact factor 2011/12?: 3.32 Head pose and eye location for gaze estimation have been separately studied in numerous works in the literature. Previous research shows that satisfactory accuracy in head pose and eye location estimation can be achieved in constrained settings. However, in the presence of nonfrontal faces, eye locators are not adequate to accurately locate the center of the eyes. On the other hand, head pose estimation techniques are able to deal with these conditions; hence, they may be suited to enhance the accuracy of eye localization. Therefore, in this paper, a hybrid scheme is proposed to combine head pose and eye location information to obtain enhanced gaze estimation. To this end, the transformation matrix obtained from the head pose is used to normalize the eye regions, and in turn, the transformation matrix generated by the found eye location is used to correct the pose estimation procedure. The scheme is designed to enhance the accuracy of eye location estimations, particularly in low-resolution videos, to extend the operative range of the eye locators, and to improve the accuracy of the head pose tracker. These enhanced estimations are then combined to obtain a novel visual gaze estimation system, which uses both eye location and head information to refine the gaze estimates. From the experimental results, it can be derived that the proposed unified scheme improves the accuracy of eye estimations by 16% to 23%. Furthermore, it considerably extends its operating range by more than 15° by overcoming the problems introduced by extreme head poses. Moreover, the accuracy of the head pose tracker is improved by 12% to 24%. Finally, the experimentation on the proposed combined gaze estimation system shows that it is accurate (with a mean error between 2° and 5°) and that it can be used in cases where classic approaches would fail without imposing restraints on the position of the head. |
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| ISSN | 1057-7149 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | ALTRES;ISE | Approved | no | ||
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Admin @ si @ VaG 2012b | Serial | 1851 | ||
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| Author | Ernest Valveny; Robert Benavente; Agata Lapedriza; Miquel Ferrer; Jaume Garcia; Gemma Sanchez | ||||
| Title | Adaptation of a computer programming course to the EXHE requirements: evaluation five years later | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | European Journal of Engineering Education | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 37 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 243-254 |
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| Notes | DAG; CIC; OR; invisible;MV | Approved | no | ||
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Admin @ si @ VBL2012 | Serial | 2070 | ||
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| Author | Javier Vazquez; Robert Benavente; Maria Vanrell | ||||
| Title | Naming constraints constancy | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | 2nd Joint AVA / BMVA Meeting on Biological and Machine Vision | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Different studies have shown that languages from industrialized cultures
share a set of 11 basic colour terms: red, green, blue, yellow, pink, purple, brown, orange, black, white, and grey (Berlin & Kay, 1969, Basic Color Terms, University of California Press)( Kay & Regier, 2003, PNAS, 100, 9085-9089). Some of these studies have also reported the best representatives or focal values of each colour (Boynton and Olson, 1990, Vision Res. 30,1311–1317), (Sturges and Whitfield, 1995, CRA, 20:6, 364–376). Some further studies have provided us with fuzzy datasets for color naming by asking human observers to rate colours in terms of membership values (Benavente -et al-, 2006, CRA. 31:1, 48–56,). Recently, a computational model based on these human ratings has been developed (Benavente -et al-, 2008, JOSA-A, 25:10, 2582-2593). This computational model follows a fuzzy approach to assign a colour name to a particular RGB value. For example, a pixel with a value (255,0,0) will be named 'red' with membership 1, while a cyan pixel with a RGB value of (0, 200, 200) will be considered to be 0.5 green and 0.5 blue. In this work, we show how this colour naming paradigm can be applied to different computer vision tasks. In particular, we report results in colour constancy (Vazquez-Corral -et al-, 2012, IEEE TIP, in press) showing that the classical constraints on either illumination or surface reflectance can be substituted by the statistical properties encoded in the colour names. [Supported by projects TIN2010-21771-C02-1, CSD2007-00018]. |
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | AV A | ||
| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | ||
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Admin @ si @ VBV2012 | Serial | 2131 | ||
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| Author | Javier Vazquez; J. Kevin O'Regan; Maria Vanrell; Graham D. Finlayson | ||||
| Title | A new spectrally sharpened basis to predict colour naming, unique hues, and hue cancellation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Journal of Vision | Abbreviated Journal | VSS |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 6 (7) | Pages | 1-14 |
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| Abstract | When light is reflected off a surface, there is a linear relation between the three human photoreceptor responses to the incoming light and the three photoreceptor responses to the reflected light. Different colored surfaces have different linear relations. Recently, Philipona and O'Regan (2006) showed that when this relation is singular in a mathematical sense, then the surface is perceived as having a highly nameable color. Furthermore, white light reflected by that surface is perceived as corresponding precisely to one of the four psychophysically measured unique hues. However, Philipona and O'Regan's approach seems unrelated to classical psychophysical models of color constancy. In this paper we make this link. We begin by transforming cone sensors to spectrally sharpened counterparts. In sharp color space, illumination change can be modeled by simple von Kries type scalings of response values within each of the spectrally sharpened response channels. In this space, Philipona and O'Regan's linear relation is captured by a simple Land-type color designator defined by dividing reflected light by incident light. This link between Philipona and O'Regan's theory and Land's notion of color designator gives the model biological plausibility. We then show that Philipona and O'Regan's singular surfaces are surfaces which are very close to activating only one or only two of such newly defined spectrally sharpened sensors, instead of the usual three. Closeness to zero is quantified in a new simplified measure of singularity which is also shown to relate to the chromaticness of colors. As in Philipona and O'Regan's original work, our new theory accounts for a large variety of psychophysical color data. | ||||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | ||
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Admin @ si @ VOV2012 | Serial | 1998 | ||
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| Author | R. Valenti; N. Sebe; Theo Gevers | ||||
| Title | What are you looking at? Improving Visual gaze Estimation by Saliency | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | International Journal of Computer Vision | Abbreviated Journal | IJCV |
| Volume | 98 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 324-334 |
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| Abstract | Impact factor 2010: 5.15
Impact factor 2011/12?: 5.36 In this paper we present a novel mechanism to obtain enhanced gaze estimation for subjects looking at a scene or an image. The system makes use of prior knowledge about the scene (e.g. an image on a computer screen), to define a probability map of the scene the subject is gazing at, in order to find the most probable location. The proposed system helps in correcting the fixations which are erroneously estimated by the gaze estimation device by employing a saliency framework to adjust the resulting gaze point vector. The system is tested on three scenarios: using eye tracking data, enhancing a low accuracy webcam based eye tracker, and using a head pose tracker. The correlation between the subjects in the commercial eye tracking data is improved by an average of 13.91%. The correlation on the low accuracy eye gaze tracker is improved by 59.85%, and for the head pose tracker we obtain an improvement of 10.23%. These results show the potential of the system as a way to enhance and self-calibrate different visual gaze estimation systems. |
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| ISSN | 0920-5691 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | ALTRES;ISE | Approved | no | ||
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Admin @ si @ VSG2012 | Serial | 1848 | ||
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| Author | Javier Vazquez; Maria Vanrell; Ramon Baldrich; Francesc Tous | ||||
| Title | Color Constancy by Category Correlation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Image Processing | Abbreviated Journal | TIP |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1997-2007 |
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| Abstract | Finding color representations which are stable to illuminant changes is still an open problem in computer vision. Until now most approaches have been based on physical constraints or statistical assumptions derived from the scene, while very little attention has been paid to the effects that selected illuminants have
on the final color image representation. The novelty of this work is to propose perceptual constraints that are computed on the corrected images. We define the category hypothesis, which weights the set of feasible illuminants according to their ability to map the corrected image onto specific colors. Here we choose these colors as the universal color categories related to basic linguistic terms which have been psychophysically measured. These color categories encode natural color statistics, and their relevance across different cultures is indicated by the fact that they have received a common color name. From this category hypothesis we propose a fast implementation that allows the sampling of a large set of illuminants. Experiments prove that our method rivals current state-of-art performance without the need for training algorithmic parameters. Additionally, the method can be used as a framework to insert top-down information from other sources, thus opening further research directions in solving for color constancy. |
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| ISSN | 1057-7149 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | ||
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Admin @ si @ VVB2012 | Serial | 1999 | ||
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| Author | Joost Van de Weijer; Robert Benavente; Maria Vanrell; Cordelia Schmid; Ramon Baldrich; Jacob Verbeek; Diane Larlus | ||||
| Title | Color Naming | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Color in Computer Vision: Fundamentals and Applications | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | 17 | Pages | 287-317 | |
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| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Place of Publication | Editor | Theo Gevers;Arjan Gijsenij;Joost Van de Weijer;Jan-Mark Geusebroek | |
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | ||
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Admin @ si @ WBV2012 | Serial | 2063 | ||
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| Author | Sophie Wuerger; Kaida Xiao; Dimitris Mylonas; Q. Huang; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Galina Paramei | ||||
| Title | Blue green color categorization in mandarin english speakers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Journal of the Optical Society of America A | Abbreviated Journal | JOSA A |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 2 | Pages | A102-A1207 |
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| Abstract | Observers are faster to detect a target among a set of distracters if the targets and distracters come from different color categories. This cross-boundary advantage seems to be limited to the right visual field, which is consistent with the dominance of the left hemisphere for language processing [Gilbert et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 489 (2006)]. Here we study whether a similar visual field advantage is found in the color identification task in speakers of Mandarin, a language that uses a logographic system. Forty late Mandarin-English bilinguals performed a blue-green color categorization task, in a blocked design, in their first language (L1: Mandarin) or second language (L2: English). Eleven color singletons ranging from blue to green were presented for 160 ms, randomly in the left visual field (LVF) or right visual field (RVF). Color boundary and reaction times (RTs) at the color boundary were estimated in L1 and L2, for both visual fields. We found that the color boundary did not differ between the languages; RTs at the color boundary, however, were on average more than 100 ms shorter in the English compared to the Mandarin sessions, but only when the stimuli were presented in the RVF. The finding may be explained by the script nature of the two languages: Mandarin logographic characters are analyzed visuospatially in the right hemisphere, which conceivably facilitates identification of color presented to the LVF. | ||||
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| Notes | DAG | Approved | no | ||
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Admin @ si @ WXM2012 | Serial | 2007 | ||
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| Author | Ekaterina Zaytseva; Jordi Vitria | ||||
| Title | A search based approach to non maximum suppression in face detection | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | 19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Poster
paper TA.P5.12 Face detectors typically produce a large number of false positives and this leads to the need to have a further non maximum suppression stage to eliminate multiple and spurious responses. This stage is based on considering spatial heuristics: true positive responses are selected by implicitly considering several restrictions on the spatial distribution of detector responses in natural images. In this paper we analyze the limitations of this approach and propose an efficient search method to overcome them. Results show how the application of this new non-maximum suppression approach to a simple face detector boosts its performance to state of the art results. |
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| Address | Orlando; USA; September 2012 | ||||
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| ISSN | 1522-4880 | ISBN | 978-1-4673-2534-9 | Medium | |
| Area | Expedition | Conference | ICIP | ||
| Notes | OR;MV | Approved | no | ||
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Admin @ si @ ZaV2012 | Serial | 2060 | ||
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| Author | Ekaterina Zaytseva; Santiago Segui; Jordi Vitria | ||||
| Title | Sketchable Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Object Detection | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | 17th Iberomerican Conference on Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 7441 | Issue | Pages | 374-381 | |
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| Abstract | In this paper we investigate a new representation approach for visual object recognition. The new representation, called sketchable-HoG, extends the classical histogram of oriented gradients (HoG) feature by adding two different aspects: the stability of the majority orientation and the continuity of gradient orientations. In this way, the sketchable-HoG locally characterizes the complexity of an object model and introduces global structure information while still keeping simplicity, compactness and robustness. We evaluated the proposed image descriptor on publicly Catltech 101 dataset. The obtained results outperforms classical HoG descriptor as well as other reported descriptors in the literature. | ||||
| Address | Buenos Aires, Argentina | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0302-9743 | ISBN | 978-3-642-33274-6 | Medium | |
| Area | Expedition | Conference | CIARP | ||
| Notes | OR; MILAB;MV | Approved | no | ||
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Admin @ si @ ZSV2012 | Serial | 2048 | ||
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| Author | Simone Balocco; Carlo Gatta; Marina Alberti; Xavier Carrillo; Juan Rigla; Petia Radeva | ||||
| Title | Relation between plaque type, plaque thickness, blood shear stress and plaque stress in coronary arteries assessed by X-ray Angiography and Intravascular Ultrasound | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Medical Physics | Abbreviated Journal | MEDPHYS |
| Volume | 39 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 7430-7445 |
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| Abstract | PMID 23231293
PURPOSE: Atheromatic plaque progression is affected, among others phenomena, by biomechanical, biochemical, and physiological factors. In this paper, the authors introduce a novel framework able to provide both morphological (vessel radius, plaque thickness, and type) and biomechanical (wall shear stress and Von Mises stress) indices of coronary arteries. METHODS: First, the approach reconstructs the three-dimensional morphology of the vessel from intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and Angiographic sequences, requiring minimal user interaction. Then, a computational pipeline allows to automatically assess fluid-dynamic and mechanical indices. Ten coronary arteries are analyzed illustrating the capabilities of the tool and confirming previous technical and clinical observations. RESULTS: The relations between the arterial indices obtained by IVUS measurement and simulations have been quantitatively analyzed along the whole surface of the artery, extending the analysis of the coronary arteries shown in previous state of the art studies. Additionally, for the first time in the literature, the framework allows the computation of the membrane stresses using a simplified mechanical model of the arterial wall. CONCLUSIONS: Circumferentially (within a given frame), statistical analysis shows an inverse relation between the wall shear stress and the plaque thickness. At the global level (comparing a frame within the entire vessel), it is observed that heavy plaque accumulations are in general calcified and are located in the areas of the vessel having high wall shear stress. Finally, in their experiments the inverse proportionality between fluid and structural stresses is observed. |
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| Notes | MILAB | Approved | no | ||
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Admin @ si @BGA2012 | Serial | 2170 | ||
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| Author | Susana Alvarez | ||||
| Title | Revisión de la teoría de los Textons Enfoque computacional en color | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | El color y la textura son dos estímulos visuales importantes para la interpretación de las imágenes. La definición de descriptores computacionales que combinan estas dos características es aún un problema abierto. La dificultad se deriva esencialmente de la propia naturaleza de ambas, mientras que la textura es una propiedad de una región, el color es una propiedad de un punto.
Hasta ahora se han utilizado tres los tipos de aproximaciones para la combinación, (a) se describe la textura directamente en cada uno de los canales color, (b) se describen textura y color por separado y se combinan al final, y (c) la combinación se realiza con técnicas de aprendizaje automático. Considerando que este problema se resuelve en el sistema visual humano en niveles muy tempranos, en esta tesis se propone estudiar el problema a partir de la implementación directa de una teoría perceptual, la teoría de los textons, y explorar así su extensión a color. Puesto que la teoría de los textons se basa en la descripción de la textura a partir de las densidades de los atributos locales, esto se adapta perfectamente al marco de trabajo de los descriptores holísticos (bag-of-words). Se han estudiado diversos descriptores basados en diferentes espacios de textons, y diferentes representaciones de las imágenes. Asimismo se ha estudiado la viabilidad de estos descriptores en una representación conceptual de nivel intermedio. Los descriptores propuestos han demostrado ser muy eficientes en aplicaciones de recuperación y clasificación de imágenes, presentando ventajas en la generación de vocabularios. Los vocabularios se obtienen cuantificando directamente espacios de baja dimensión y la perceptualidad de estos espacios permite asociar semántica de bajo nivel a las palabras visuales. El estudio de los resultados permite concluir que si bien la aproximación holística es muy eficiente, la introducción de co-ocurrencia espacial de las propiedades de forma y color de los blobs de la imagen es un elemento clave para su combinación, hecho que no contradice las evidencias en percepción |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
| Publisher | Ediciones Graficas Rey | Place of Publication | Editor | Maria Vanrell;Xavier Otazu | |
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | ||
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Alv2012b | Serial | 2216 | ||
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| Author | Bogdan Raducanu; D. Gatica-Perez | ||||
| Title | Inferring competitive role patterns in reality TV show through nonverbal analysis | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Multimedia Tools and Applications | Abbreviated Journal | MTAP |
| Volume | 56 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 207-226 |
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| Abstract | This paper introduces a new facet of social media, namely that depicting social interaction. More concretely, we address this problem from the perspective of nonverbal behavior-based analysis of competitive meetings. For our study, we made use of “The Apprentice” reality TV show, which features a competition for a real, highly paid corporate job. Our analysis is centered around two tasks regarding a person's role in a meeting: predicting the person with the highest status, and predicting the fired candidates. We address this problem by adopting both supervised and unsupervised strategies. The current study was carried out using nonverbal audio cues. Our approach is based only on the nonverbal interaction dynamics during the meeting without relying on the spoken words. The analysis is based on two types of data: individual and relational measures. Results obtained from the analysis of a full season of the show are promising (up to 85.7% of accuracy in the first case and up to 92.8% in the second case). Our approach has been conveniently compared with the Influence Model, demonstrating its superiority. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1380-7501 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | OR;MV | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number |
BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ RaG2012 | Serial | 1360 | ||
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| Author | Fernando Barrera; Felipe Lumbreras; Angel Sappa | ||||
| Title | Evaluation of Similarity Functions in Multimodal Stereo | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | 9th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 7324 | Issue | I | Pages | 320-329 |
| Keywords | Aveiro, Portugal | ||||
| Abstract | This paper presents an evaluation framework for multimodal stereo matching, which allows to compare the performance of four similarity functions. Additionally, it presents details of a multimodal stereo head that supply thermal infrared and color images, as well as, aspects of its calibration and rectification. The pipeline includes a novel method for the disparity selection, which is suitable for evaluating the similarity functions. Finally, a benchmark for comparing different initializations of the proposed framework is presented. Similarity functions are based on mutual information, gradient orientation and scale space representations. Their evaluation is performed using two metrics: i) disparity error, and ii) number of correct matches on planar regions. In addition to the proposed evaluation, the current paper also shows that 3D sparse representations can be recovered from such a multimodal stereo head. | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | LNCS | ||
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| ISSN | 0302-9743 | ISBN | 978-3-642-31294-6 | Medium | |
| Area | Expedition | Conference | ICIAR | ||
| Notes | ADAS | Approved | no | ||
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BLS2012a | Serial | 2014 | ||
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