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Francisco Blanco; Felipe Lumbreras; Joan Serrat; Roswitha Siener; Silvia Serranti; Giuseppe Bonifazi; Montserrat Lopez Mesas; Manuel Valiente |
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Taking advantage of Hyperspectral Imaging classification of urinary stones against conventional IR Spectroscopy |
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2014 |
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Journal of Biomedical Optics |
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JBiO |
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19 |
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12 |
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126004-1 - 126004-9 |
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The analysis of urinary stones is mandatory for the best management of the disease after the stone passage in order to prevent further stone episodes. Thus the use of an appropriate methodology for an individualized stone analysis becomes a key factor for giving the patient the most suitable treatment. A recently developed hyperspectral imaging methodology, based on pixel-to-pixel analysis of near-infrared spectral images, is compared to the reference technique in stone analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The developed classification model yields >90% correct classification rate when compared to IR and is able to precisely locate stone components within the structure of the stone with a 15 µm resolution. Due to the little sample pretreatment, low analysis time, good performance of the model, and the automation of the measurements, they become analyst independent; this methodology can be considered to become a routine analysis for clinical laboratories. |
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ADAS; 600.076 |
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Admin @ si @ BLS2014 |
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2563 |
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Francisco Javier Orozco; Ognjen Rudovic; Jordi Gonzalez; Maja Pantic |
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Hierarchical On-line Appearance-Based Tracking for 3D Head Pose, Eyebrows, Lips, Eyelids and Irises |
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2013 |
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Image and Vision Computing |
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IMAVIS |
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31 |
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4 |
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322-340 |
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On-line appearance models; Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm; Line-search optimization; 3D face tracking; Facial action tracking; Eyelid tracking; Iris tracking |
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In this paper, we propose an On-line Appearance-Based Tracker (OABT) for simultaneous tracking of 3D head pose, lips, eyebrows, eyelids and irises in monocular video sequences. In contrast to previously proposed tracking approaches, which deal with face and gaze tracking separately, our OABT can also be used for eyelid and iris tracking, as well as 3D head pose, lips and eyebrows facial actions tracking. Furthermore, our approach applies an on-line learning of changes in the appearance of the tracked target. Hence, the prior training of appearance models, which usually requires a large amount of labeled facial images, is avoided. Moreover, the proposed method is built upon a hierarchical combination of three OABTs, which are optimized using a Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) enhanced with line-search procedures. This, in turn, makes the proposed method robust to changes in lighting conditions, occlusions and translucent textures, as evidenced by our experiments. Finally, the proposed method achieves head and facial actions tracking in real-time. |
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Elsevier |
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ISE; 605.203; 302.012; 302.018; 600.049 |
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ORG2013 |
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2221 |
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Author |
Francisco Javier Orozco; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Real-Time Gaze Tracking with Appearance-Based Models |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
Publication |
Machine Vision Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
MVAP |
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20 |
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6 |
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353-364 |
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Keywords Eyelid and iris tracking, Appearance models, Blinking, Iris saccade, Real-time gaze tracking |
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Psychological evidence has emphasized the importance of eye gaze analysis in human computer interaction and emotion interpretation. To this end, current image analysis algorithms take into consideration eye-lid and iris motion detection using colour information and edge detectors. However, eye movement is fast and and hence difficult to use to obtain a precise and robust tracking. Instead, our
method proposed to describe eyelid and iris movements as continuous variables using appearance-based tracking. This approach combines the strengths of adaptive appearance models, optimization methods and backtracking techniques.Thus,
in the proposed method textures are learned on-line from near frontal images and illumination changes, occlusions and fast movements are managed. The method achieves real-time performance by combining two appearance-based trackers to a
backtracking algorithm for eyelid estimation and another for iris estimation. These contributions represent a significant advance towards a reliable gaze motion description for HCI and expression analysis, where the strength of complementary
methodologies are combined to avoid using high quality images, colour information, texture training, camera settings and other time-consuming processes. |
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ISE |
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ISE @ ise @ ORG2008 |
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972 |
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Author |
Frederic Sampedro; Anna Domenech; Sergio Escalera |
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Title |
Obtaining quantitative global tumoral state indicators based on whole-body PET/CT scans: A breast cancer case study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Nuclear Medicine Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
NMC |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
362-371 |
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Objectives: In this work we address the need for the computation of quantitative global tumoral state indicators from oncological whole-body PET/computed tomography scans. The combination of such indicators with other oncological information such as tumor markers or biopsy results would prove useful in oncological decision-making scenarios.
Materials and methods: From an ordering of 100 breast cancer patients on the basis of oncological state through visual analysis by a consensus of nuclear medicine specialists, a set of numerical indicators computed from image analysis of the PET/computed tomography scan is presented, which attempts to summarize a patient’s oncological state in a quantitative manner taking into consideration the total tumor volume, aggressiveness, and spread.
Results: Results obtained by comparative analysis of the proposed indicators with respect to the experts’ evaluation show up to 87% Pearson’s correlation coefficient when providing expert-guided PET metabolic tumor volume segmentation and 64% correlation when using completely automatic image analysis techniques.
Conclusion: Global quantitative tumor information obtained by whole-body PET/CT image analysis can prove useful in clinical nuclear medicine settings and oncological decision-making scenarios. The completely automatic computation of such indicators would improve its impact as time efficiency and specialist independence would be achieved. |
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HuPBA;MILAB |
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SDE2014a |
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2444 |
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Author |
Frederic Sampedro; Anna Domenech; Sergio Escalera |
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Title |
Static and dynamic computational cancer spread quantification in whole body FDG-PET/CT scans |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics |
Abbreviated Journal |
JMIHI |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
825-831 |
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CANCER SPREAD; COMPUTER AIDED DIAGNOSIS; MEDICAL IMAGING; TUMOR QUANTIFICATION |
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In this work we address the computational cancer spread quantification scenario in whole body FDG-PET/CT scans. At the static level, this setting can be modeled as a clustering problem on the set of 3D connected components of the whole body PET tumoral segmentation mask carried out by nuclear medicine physicians. At the dynamic level, and ad-hoc algorithm is proposed in order to quantify the cancer spread time evolution which, when combined with other existing indicators, gives rise to the metabolic tumor volume-aggressiveness-spread time evolution chart, a novel tool that we claim that would prove useful in nuclear medicine and oncological clinical or research scenarios. Good performance results of the proposed methodologies both at the clinical and technological level are shown using a dataset of 48 segmented whole body FDG-PET/CT scans. |
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HuPBA;MILAB |
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Admin @ si @ SDE2014b |
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2548 |
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Author |
Frederic Sampedro; Anna Domenech; Sergio Escalera; Ignasi Carrio |
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Title |
Deriving global quantitative tumor response parameters from 18F-FDG PET-CT scans in patients with non-Hodgkins lymphoma |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Nuclear Medicine Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
NMC |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
328-333 |
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OBJECTIVES:
The aim of the study was to address the need for quantifying the global cancer time evolution magnitude from a pair of time-consecutive positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans. In particular, we focus on the computation of indicators using image-processing techniques that seek to model non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) progression or response severity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 89 pairs of time-consecutive PET-CT scans from NHL patients were stored in a nuclear medicine station for subsequent analysis. These were classified by a consensus of nuclear medicine physicians into progressions, partial responses, mixed responses, complete responses, and relapses. The cases of each group were ordered by magnitude following visual analysis. Thereafter, a set of quantitative indicators designed to model the cancer evolution magnitude within each group were computed using semiautomatic and automatic image-processing techniques. Performance evaluation of the proposed indicators was measured by a correlation analysis with the expert-based visual analysis.
RESULTS:
The set of proposed indicators achieved Pearson's correlation results in each group with respect to the expert-based visual analysis: 80.2% in progressions, 77.1% in partial response, 68.3% in mixed response, 88.5% in complete response, and 100% in relapse. In the progression and mixed response groups, the proposed indicators outperformed the common indicators used in clinical practice [changes in metabolic tumor volume, mean, maximum, peak standardized uptake value (SUV mean, SUV max, SUV peak), and total lesion glycolysis] by more than 40%.
CONCLUSION:
Computing global indicators of NHL response using PET-CT imaging techniques offers a strong correlation with the associated expert-based visual analysis, motivating the future incorporation of such quantitative and highly observer-independent indicators in oncological decision making or treatment response evaluation scenarios. |
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HuPBA;MILAB |
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Admin @ si @ SDE2015 |
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2605 |
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Author |
Frederic Sampedro; Anna Domenech; Sergio Escalera; Ignasi Carrio |
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Title |
Computing quantitative indicators of structural renal damage in pediatric DMSA scans |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
Publication |
Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular |
Abbreviated Journal |
REMNIM |
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36 |
Issue |
2 |
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72-77 |
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OBJECTIVES:
The proposal and implementation of a computational framework for the quantification of structural renal damage from 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scans. The aim of this work is to propose, implement, and validate a computational framework for the quantification of structural renal damage from DMSA scans and in an observer-independent manner.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
From a set of 16 pediatric DMSA-positive scans and 16 matched controls and using both expert-guided and automatic approaches, a set of image-derived quantitative indicators was computed based on the relative size, intensity and histogram distribution of the lesion. A correlation analysis was conducted in order to investigate the association of these indicators with other clinical data of interest in this scenario, including C-reactive protein (CRP), white cell count, vesicoureteral reflux, fever, relative perfusion, and the presence of renal sequelae in a 6-month follow-up DMSA scan.
RESULTS:
A fully automatic lesion detection and segmentation system was able to successfully classify DMSA-positive from negative scans (AUC=0.92, sensitivity=81% and specificity=94%). The image-computed relative size of the lesion correlated with the presence of fever and CRP levels (p<0.05), and a measurement derived from the distribution histogram of the lesion obtained significant performance results in the detection of permanent renal damage (AUC=0.86, sensitivity=100% and specificity=75%).
CONCLUSIONS:
The proposal and implementation of a computational framework for the quantification of structural renal damage from DMSA scans showed a promising potential to complement visual diagnosis and non-imaging indicators. |
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HuPBA;MILAB; no menciona |
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Admin @ si @ SDE2017 |
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2842 |
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Author |
Frederic Sampedro; Sergio Escalera |
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Spatial codification of label predictions in Multi-scale Stacked Sequential Learning: A case study on multi-class medical volume segmentation |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
IET Computer Vision |
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IETCV |
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9 |
Issue |
3 |
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439 - 446 |
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In this study, the authors propose the spatial codification of label predictions within the multi-scale stacked sequential learning (MSSL) framework, a successful learning scheme to deal with non-independent identically distributed data entries. After providing a motivation for this objective, they describe its theoretical framework based on the introduction of the blurred shape model as a smart descriptor to codify the spatial distribution of the predicted labels and define the new extended feature set for the second stacked classifier. They then particularise this scheme to be applied in volume segmentation applications. Finally, they test the implementation of the proposed framework in two medical volume segmentation datasets, obtaining significant performance improvements (with a 95% of confidence) in comparison to standard Adaboost classifier and classical MSSL approaches. |
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1751-9632 |
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HuPBA;MILAB |
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Admin @ si @ SaE2015 |
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2551 |
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Author |
Frederic Sampedro; Sergio Escalera; Anna Domenech; Ignasi Carrio |
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Title |
Automatic Tumor Volume Segmentation in Whole-Body PET/CT Scans: A Supervised Learning Approach Source |
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2015 |
Publication |
Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics |
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JMIHI |
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5 |
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2 |
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192-201 |
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CONTEXTUAL CLASSIFICATION; PET/CT; SUPERVISED LEARNING; TUMOR SEGMENTATION; WHOLE BODY |
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Whole-body 3D PET/CT tumoral volume segmentation provides relevant diagnostic and prognostic information in clinical oncology and nuclear medicine. Carrying out this procedure manually by a medical expert is time consuming and suffers from inter- and intra-observer variabilities. In this paper, a completely automatic approach to this task is presented. First, the problem is stated and described both in clinical and technological terms. Then, a novel supervised learning segmentation framework is introduced. The segmentation by learning approach is defined within a Cascade of Adaboost classifiers and a 3D contextual proposal of Multiscale Stacked Sequential Learning. Segmentation accuracy results on 200 Breast Cancer whole body PET/CT volumes show mean 49% sensitivity, 99.993% specificity and 39% Jaccard overlap Index, which represent good performance results both at the clinical and technological level. |
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Admin @ si @ SED2015 |
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2584 |
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Frederic Sampedro; Sergio Escalera; Anna Domenech; Ignasi Carrio |
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A computational framework for cancer response assessment based on oncological PET-CT scans |
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2014 |
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Computers in Biology and Medicine |
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CBM |
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55 |
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92–99 |
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Computer aided diagnosis; Nuclear medicine; Machine learning; Image processing; Quantitative analysis |
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In this work we present a comprehensive computational framework to help in the clinical assessment of cancer response from a pair of time consecutive oncological PET-CT scans. In this scenario, the design and implementation of a supervised machine learning system to predict and quantify cancer progression or response conditions by introducing a novel feature set that models the underlying clinical context is described. Performance results in 100 clinical cases (corresponding to 200 whole body PET-CT scans) in comparing expert-based visual analysis and classifier decision making show up to 70% accuracy within a completely automatic pipeline and 90% accuracy when providing the system with expert-guided PET tumor segmentation masks. |
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Admin @ si @ SED2014 |
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2606 |
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Frederic Sampedro; Sergio Escalera; Anna Puig |
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Iterative Multiclass Multiscale Stacked Sequential Learning: definition and application to medical volume segmentation |
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2014 |
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Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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46 |
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1-10 |
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Machine learning; Sequential learning; Multi-class problems; Contextual learning; Medical volume segmentation |
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In this work we present the iterative multi-class multi-scale stacked sequential learning framework (IMMSSL), a novel learning scheme that is particularly suited for medical volume segmentation applications. This model exploits the inherent voxel contextual information of the structures of interest in order to improve its segmentation performance results. Without any feature set or learning algorithm prior assumption, the proposed scheme directly seeks to learn the contextual properties of a region from the predicted classifications of previous classifiers within an iterative scheme. Performance results regarding segmentation accuracy in three two-class and multi-class medical volume datasets show a significant improvement with respect to state of the art alternatives. Due to its easiness of implementation and its independence of feature space and learning algorithm, the presented machine learning framework could be taken into consideration as a first choice in complex volume segmentation scenarios. |
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Admin @ si @ SEP2014 |
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2550 |
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G. Gasbarri; Matias Bilkis; E. Roda Salichs; J. Calsamiglia |
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Sequential hypothesis testing for continuously-monitored quantum systems |
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2024 |
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Quantum |
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8 |
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1289 |
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We consider a quantum system that is being continuously monitored, giving rise to a measurement signal. From such a stream of data, information needs to be inferred about the underlying system's dynamics. Here we focus on hypothesis testing problems and put forward the usage of sequential strategies where the signal is analyzed in real time, allowing the experiment to be concluded as soon as the underlying hypothesis can be identified with a certified prescribed success probability. We analyze the performance of sequential tests by studying the stopping-time behavior, showing a considerable advantage over currently-used strategies based on a fixed predetermined measurement time. |
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Admin @ si @ GBR2024 |
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3847 |
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G. Lisanti; I. Masi; Andrew Bagdanov; Alberto del Bimbo |
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Person Re-identification by Iterative Re-weighted Sparse Ranking |
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2015 |
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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
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TPAMI |
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37 |
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8 |
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1629 - 1642 |
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In this paper we introduce a method for person re-identification based on discriminative, sparse basis expansions of targets in terms of a labeled gallery of known individuals. We propose an iterative extension to sparse discriminative classifiers capable of ranking many candidate targets. The approach makes use of soft- and hard- re-weighting to redistribute energy among the most relevant contributing elements and to ensure that the best candidates are ranked at each iteration. Our approach also leverages a novel visual descriptor which we show to be discriminative while remaining robust to pose and illumination variations. An extensive comparative evaluation is given demonstrating that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on single- and multi-shot person re-identification scenarios on the VIPeR, i-LIDS, ETHZ, and CAVIAR4REID datasets. The combination of our descriptor and iterative sparse basis expansion improves state-of-the-art rank-1 performance by six percentage points on VIPeR and by 20 on CAVIAR4REID compared to other methods with a single gallery image per person. With multiple gallery and probe images per person our approach improves by 17 percentage points the state-of-the-art on i-LIDS and by 72 on CAVIAR4REID at rank-1. The approach is also quite efficient, capable of single-shot person re-identification over galleries containing hundreds of individuals at about 30 re-identifications per second. |
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0162-8828 |
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LAMP; 601.240; 600.079 |
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Admin @ si @ LMB2015 |
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2557 |
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G. Zahnd; Simone Balocco; A. Serusclat; P. Moulin; M. Orkisz; D. Vray |
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Progressive attenuation of the longitudinal kinetics in the common carotid artery: preliminary in vivo assessment Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology |
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2015 |
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Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology |
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UMB |
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41 |
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1 |
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339-345 |
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Arterial stiffness; Atherosclerosis; Common carotid artery; Longitudinal kinetics; Motion tracking; Ultrasound imaging |
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Longitudinal kinetics (LOKI) of the arterial wall consists of the shearing motion of the intima-media complex over the adventitia layer in the direction parallel to the blood flow during the cardiac cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate the local variability of LOKI amplitude along the length of the vessel. By use of a previously validated motion-estimation framework, 35 in vivo longitudinal B-mode ultrasound cine loops of healthy common carotid arteries were analyzed. Results indicated that LOKI amplitude is progressively attenuated along the length of the artery, as it is larger in regions located on the proximal side of the image (i.e., toward the heart) and smaller in regions located on the distal side of the image (i.e., toward the head), with an average attenuation coefficient of -2.5 ± 2.0%/mm. Reported for the first time in this study, this phenomenon is likely to be of great importance in improving understanding of atherosclerosis mechanisms, and has the potential to be a novel index of arterial stiffness. |
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Admin @ si @ ZBS2014 |
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2556 |
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G.Blasco; Simone Balocco; J.Puig; J.Sanchez-Gonzalez; W.Ricart; J.Daunis-I-Estadella; X.Molina; S.Pedraza; J.M.Fernandez-Real |
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Carotid pulse wave velocity by magnetic resonance imaging is increased in middle-aged subjects with the metabolic syndrome |
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2015 |
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International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging |
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ICJI |
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31 |
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3 |
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603-612 |
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Metabolic syndrome; Arterial stiffness; Pulse wave velocity; Carotid artery; Magnetic resonance |
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Arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV), an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, physiologically increases with age; however, growing evidence suggests metabolic syndrome (MetS) accelerates this increase. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables reliable noninvasive assessment of arterial stiffness by measuring arterial PWV in specific vascular segments. We investigated the association between the presence of MetS and its components with carotid PWV (cPWV) in asymptomatic subjects without diabetes. We assessed cPWV by MRI in 61 individuals (mean age, 55.3 ± 14.1 years; median age, 55 years): 30 with MetS and 31 controls with similar age, sex, body mass index, and LDL-cholesterol levels. The study population was dichotomized by the median age. To remove the physiological association between PWV and age, unpaired t tests and multiple regression analyses were performed using the residuals of the regression between PWV and age. cPWV was higher in middle-aged subjects with MetS than in those without (p = 0.001), but no differences were found in elder subjects (p = 0.313). cPWV was associated with diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.276, p = 0.033) and waist circumference (r = 0.268, p = 0.038). The presence of MetS was associated with increased cPWV regardless of age, sex, blood pressure, and waist (p = 0.007). The MetS components contributing independently to an increased cPWV were hypertension (p = 0.018) and hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.002). The presence of MetS is associated with an increased cPWV in middle-aged subjects. In particular, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia may contribute to early progression of carotid stiffness. |
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Springer Netherlands |
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1569-5794 |
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Admin @ si @ BBP2015 |
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2670 |
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