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Author (up) Hugo Jair Escalante; Sergio Escalera; Isabelle Guyon; Xavier Baro; Yagmur Gucluturk; Umut Guçlu; Marcel van Gerven edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Explainable and Interpretable Models in Computer Vision and Machine Learning Type Book Whole
  Year 2018 Publication The Springer Series on Challenges in Machine Learning Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This book compiles leading research on the development of explainable and interpretable machine learning methods in the context of computer vision and machine learning.
Research progress in computer vision and pattern recognition has led to a variety of modeling techniques with almost human-like performance. Although these models have obtained astounding results, they are limited in their explainability and interpretability: what is the rationale behind the decision made? what in the model structure explains its functioning? Hence, while good performance is a critical required characteristic for learning machines, explainability and interpretability capabilities are needed to take learning machines to the next step to include them in decision support systems involving human supervision.
This book, written by leading international researchers, addresses key topics of explainability and interpretability, including the following:

·Evaluation and Generalization in Interpretable Machine Learning
·Explanation Methods in Deep Learning
·Learning Functional Causal Models with Generative Neural Networks
·Learning Interpreatable Rules for Multi-Label Classification
·Structuring Neural Networks for More Explainable Predictions
·Generating Post Hoc Rationales of Deep Visual Classification Decisions
·Ensembling Visual Explanations
·Explainable Deep Driving by Visualizing Causal Attention
·Interdisciplinary Perspective on Algorithmic Job Candidate Search
·Multimodal Personality Trait Analysis for Explainable Modeling of Job Interview Decisions
·Inherent Explainability Pattern Theory-based Video Event Interpretations
 
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  Notes HuPBA; no menciona Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ EEG2018 Serial 3399  
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Author (up) Hugo Jair Escalante; Victor Ponce; Jun Wan; Michael A. Riegler; Baiyu Chen; Albert Clapes; Sergio Escalera; Isabelle Guyon; Xavier Baro; Pal Halvorsen; Henning Muller; Martha Larson edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title ChaLearn Joint Contest on Multimedia Challenges Beyond Visual Analysis: An Overview Type Conference Article
  Year 2016 Publication 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract This paper provides an overview of the Joint Contest on Multimedia Challenges Beyond Visual Analysis. We organized an academic competition that focused on four problems that require effective processing of multimodal information in order to be solved. Two tracks were devoted to gesture spotting and recognition from RGB-D video, two fundamental problems for human computer interaction. Another track was devoted to a second round of the first impressions challenge of which the goal was to develop methods to recognize personality traits from
short video clips. For this second round we adopted a novel collaborative-competitive (i.e., coopetition) setting. The fourth track was dedicated to the problem of video recommendation for improving user experience. The challenge was open for about 45 days, and received outstanding participation: almost
200 participants registered to the contest, and 20 teams sent predictions in the final stage. The main goals of the challenge were fulfilled: the state of the art was advanced considerably in the four tracks, with novel solutions to the proposed problems (mostly relying on deep learning). However, further research is still required. The data of the four tracks will be available to
allow researchers to keep making progress in the four tracks.
 
  Address Cancun; Mexico; December 2016  
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  Area Expedition Conference ICPR  
  Notes HuPBA; 602.143;MV Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ EPW2016 Serial 2827  
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Author (up) Hugo Jair Escalante; Victor Ponce; Sergio Escalera; Xavier Baro; Alicia Morales-Reyes; Jose Martinez-Carranza edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Evolving weighting schemes for the Bag of Visual Words Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Neural Computing and Applications Abbreviated Journal Neural Computing and Applications  
  Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 925–939  
  Keywords Bag of Visual Words; Bag of features; Genetic programming; Term-weighting schemes; Computer vision  
  Abstract The Bag of Visual Words (BoVW) is an established representation in computer vision. Taking inspiration from text mining, this representation has proved
to be very effective in many domains. However, in most cases, standard term-weighting schemes are adopted (e.g.,term-frequency or TF-IDF). It remains open the question of whether alternative weighting schemes could boost the
performance of methods based on BoVW. More importantly, it is unknown whether it is possible to automatically learn and determine effective weighting schemes from
scratch. This paper brings some light into both of these unknowns. On the one hand, we report an evaluation of the most common weighting schemes used in text mining, but rarely used in computer vision tasks. Besides, we propose an evolutionary algorithm capable of automatically learning weighting schemes for computer vision problems. We report empirical results of an extensive study in several computer vision problems. Results show the usefulness of the proposed method.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor Springer  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes HUPBA;MV; no menciona Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ EPE2017 Serial 2743  
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Author (up) Hugo Prol; Vincent Dumoulin; Luis Herranz edit  openurl
  Title Cross-Modulation Networks for Few-Shot Learning Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2018 Publication Arxiv Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract A family of recent successful approaches to few-shot learning relies on learning an embedding space in which predictions are made by computing similarities between examples. This corresponds to combining information between support and query examples at a very late stage of the prediction pipeline. Inspired by this observation, we hypothesize that there may be benefits to combining the information at various levels of abstraction along the pipeline. We present an architecture called Cross-Modulation Networks which allows support and query examples to interact throughout the feature extraction process via a feature-wise modulation mechanism. We adapt the Matching Networks architecture to take advantage of these interactions and show encouraging initial results on miniImageNet in the 5-way, 1-shot setting, where we close the gap with state-of-the-art.  
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  Notes LAMP; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PDH2018 Serial 3248  
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Author (up) Hunor Laczko; Meysam Madadi; Sergio Escalera; Jordi Gonzalez edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title A Generative Multi-Resolution Pyramid and Normal-Conditioning 3D Cloth Draping Type Conference Article
  Year 2024 Publication Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 8709-8718  
  Keywords  
  Abstract RGB cloth generation has been deeply studied in the related literature, however, 3D garment generation remains an open problem. In this paper, we build a conditional variational autoencoder for 3D garment generation and draping. We propose a pyramid network to add garment details progressively in a canonical space, i.e. unposing and unshaping the garments w.r.t. the body. We study conditioning the network on surface normal UV maps, as an intermediate representation, which is an easier problem to optimize than 3D coordinates. Our results on two public datasets, CLOTH3D and CAPE, show that our model is robust, controllable in terms of detail generation by the use of multi-resolution pyramids, and achieves state-of-the-art results that can highly generalize to unseen garments, poses, and shapes even when training with small amounts of data.  
  Address Waikoloa; Hawai; USA; January 2024  
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  Area Expedition Conference WACV  
  Notes ISE; HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ LME2024 Serial 3996  
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Author (up) I. King; Zhong Jin edit  openurl
  Title Integrated Probability Function and Its Application to Content-Based Image Retrieval By Relevance Feedback Type Journal
  Year 2003 Publication Pattern Recognition, 36(9): 2177–2186 (IF: 1.611) Abbreviated Journal  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ KiJ2003 Serial 427  
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Author (up) I. Payan edit  openurl
  Title El uso del recalaje en la construccion de imagenes de superresolucion Type Report
  Year 2001 Publication CVC Technical Report #50 Abbreviated Journal  
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  Address CVC (UAB)  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Pay2001 Serial 201  
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Author (up) I. Sorodoc; S. Pezzelle; A. Herbelot; Mariella Dimiccoli; R. Bernardi edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Learning quantification from images: A structured neural architecture Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Natural Language Engineering Abbreviated Journal NLE  
  Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 363-392  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Major advances have recently been made in merging language and vision representations. Most tasks considered so far have confined themselves to the processing of objects and lexicalised relations amongst objects (content words). We know, however, that humans (even pre-school children) can abstract over raw multimodal data to perform certain types of higher level reasoning, expressed in natural language by function words. A case in point is given by their ability to learn quantifiers, i.e. expressions like few, some and all. From formal semantics and cognitive linguistics, we know that quantifiers are relations over sets which, as a simplification, we can see as proportions. For instance, in most fish are red, most encodes the proportion of fish which are red fish. In this paper, we study how well current neural network strategies model such relations. We propose a task where, given an image and a query expressed by an object–property pair, the system must return a quantifier expressing which proportions of the queried object have the queried property. Our contributions are twofold. First, we show that the best performance on this task involves coupling state-of-the-art attention mechanisms with a network architecture mirroring the logical structure assigned to quantifiers by classic linguistic formalisation. Second, we introduce a new balanced dataset of image scenarios associated with quantification queries, which we hope will foster further research in this area.  
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  Notes MILAB; no menciona Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SPH2018 Serial 3021  
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Author (up) Iban Berganzo-Besga; Hector A. Orengo; Felipe Lumbreras; Aftab Alam; Rosie Campbell; Petrus J Gerrits; Jonas Gregorio de Souza; Afifa Khan; Maria Suarez Moreno; Jack Tomaney; Rebecca C Roberts; Cameron A Petrie edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Curriculum learning-based strategy for low-density archaeological mound detection from historical maps in India and Pakistan Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Scientific Reports Abbreviated Journal ScR  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages 11257  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper presents two algorithms for the large-scale automatic detection and instance segmentation of potential archaeological mounds on historical maps. Historical maps present a unique source of information for the reconstruction of ancient landscapes. The last 100 years have seen unprecedented landscape modifications with the introduction and large-scale implementation of mechanised agriculture, channel-based irrigation schemes, and urban expansion to name but a few. Historical maps offer a window onto disappearing landscapes where many historical and archaeological elements that no longer exist today are depicted. The algorithms focus on the detection and shape extraction of mound features with high probability of being archaeological settlements, mounds being one of the most commonly documented archaeological features to be found in the Survey of India historical map series, although not necessarily recognised as such at the time of surveying. Mound features with high archaeological potential are most commonly depicted through hachures or contour-equivalent form-lines, therefore, an algorithm has been designed to detect each of those features. Our proposed approach addresses two of the most common issues in archaeological automated survey, the low-density of archaeological features to be detected, and the small amount of training data available. It has been applied to all types of maps available of the historic 1″ to 1-mile series, thus increasing the complexity of the detection. Moreover, the inclusion of synthetic data, along with a Curriculum Learning strategy, has allowed the algorithm to better understand what the mound features look like. Likewise, a series of filters based on topographic setting, form, and size have been applied to improve the accuracy of the models. The resulting algorithms have a recall value of 52.61% and a precision of 82.31% for the hachure mounds, and a recall value of 70.80% and a precision of 70.29% for the form-line mounds, which allowed the detection of nearly 6000 mound features over an area of 470,500 km2, the largest such approach to have ever been applied. If we restrict our focus to the maps most similar to those used in the algorithm training, we reach recall values greater than 60% and precision values greater than 90%. This approach has shown the potential to implement an adaptive algorithm that allows, after a small amount of retraining with data detected from a new map, a better general mound feature detection in the same map.  
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  Notes MSIAU Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BOL2023 Serial 3976  
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Author (up) Iban Berganzo-Besga; Hector A. Orengo; Felipe Lumbreras; Paloma Aliende; Monica N. Ramsey edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Automated detection and classification of multi-cell Phytoliths using Deep Learning-Based Algorithms Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Journal of Archaeological Science Abbreviated Journal JArchSci  
  Volume 148 Issue Pages 105654  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper presents an algorithm for automated detection and classification of multi-cell phytoliths, one of the major components of many archaeological and paleoenvironmental deposits. This identification, based on phytolith wave pattern, is made using a pretrained VGG19 deep learning model. This approach has been tested in three key phytolith genera for the study of agricultural origins in Near East archaeology: Avena, Hordeum and Triticum. Also, this classification has been validated at species-level using Triticum boeoticum and dicoccoides images. Due to the diversity of microscopes, cameras and chemical treatments that can influence images of phytolith slides, three types of data augmentation techniques have been implemented: rotation of the images at 45-degree angles, random colour and brightness jittering, and random blur/sharpen. The implemented workflow has resulted in an overall accuracy of 93.68% for phytolith genera, improving previous attempts. The algorithm has also demonstrated its potential to automatize the classification of phytoliths species with an overall accuracy of 100%. The open code and platforms employed to develop the algorithm assure the method's accessibility, reproducibility and reusability.  
  Address December 2022  
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  Notes MSIAU; MACO; 600.167 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BOL2022 Serial 3753  
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Author (up) Idoia Ruiz edit  isbn
openurl 
  Title Deep Metric Learning for re-identification, tracking and hierarchical novelty detection Type Book Whole
  Year 2022 Publication PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract Metric learning refers to the problem in machine learning of learning a distance or similarity measurement to compare data. In particular, deep metric learning involves learning a representation, also referred to as embedding, such that in the embedding space data samples can be compared based on the distance, directly providing a similarity measure. This step is necessary to perform several tasks in computer vision. It allows to perform the classification of images, regions or pixels, re-identification, out-of-distribution detection, object tracking in image sequences and any other task that requires computing a similarity score for their solution. This thesis addresses three specific problems that share this common requirement. The first one is person re-identification. Essentially, it is an image retrieval task that aims at finding instances of the same person according to a similarity measure. We first compare in terms of accuracy and efficiency, classical metric learning to basic deep learning based methods for this problem. In this context, we also study network distillation as a strategy to optimize the trade-off between accuracy and speed at inference time. The second problem we contribute to is novelty detection in image classification. It consists in detecting samples of novel classes, i.e. never seen during training. However, standard novelty detection does not provide any information about the novel samples besides they are unknown. Aiming at more informative outputs, we take advantage from the hierarchical taxonomies that are intrinsic to the classes. We propose a metric learning based approach that leverages the hierarchical relationships among classes during training, being able to predict the parent class for a novel sample in such hierarchical taxonomy. Our third contribution is in multi-object tracking and segmentation. This joint task comprises classification, detection, instance segmentation and tracking. Tracking can be formulated as a retrieval problem to be addressed with metric learning approaches. We tackle the existing difficulty in academic research that is the lack of annotated benchmarks for this task. To this matter, we introduce the problem of weakly supervised multi-object tracking and segmentation, facing the challenge of not having available ground truth for instance segmentation. We propose a synergistic training strategy that benefits from the knowledge of the supervised tasks that are being learnt simultaneously.  
  Address July, 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor Joan Serrat  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-84-124793-4-8 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Rui2022 Serial 3717  
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Author (up) Idoia Ruiz; Bogdan Raducanu; Rakesh Mehta; Jaume Amores edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Optimizing speed/accuracy trade-off for person re-identification via knowledge distillation Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence Abbreviated Journal EAAI  
  Volume 87 Issue Pages 103309  
  Keywords Person re-identification; Network distillation; Image retrieval; Model compression; Surveillance  
  Abstract Finding a person across a camera network plays an important role in video surveillance. For a real-world person re-identification application, in order to guarantee an optimal time response, it is crucial to find the balance between accuracy and speed. We analyse this trade-off, comparing a classical method, that comprises hand-crafted feature description and metric learning, in particular, LOMO and XQDA, to deep learning based techniques, using image classification networks, ResNet and MobileNets. Additionally, we propose and analyse network distillation as a learning strategy to reduce the computational cost of the deep learning approach at test time. We evaluate both methods on the Market-1501 and DukeMTMC-reID large-scale datasets, showing that distillation helps reducing the computational cost at inference time while even increasing the accuracy performance.  
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  Notes LAMP; 600.109; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RRM2020 Serial 3401  
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Author (up) Idoia Ruiz; Joan Serrat edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Rank-based ordinal classification Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 8069-8076  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Differently from the regular classification task, in ordinal classification there is an order in the classes. As a consequence not all classification errors matter the same: a predicted class close to the groundtruth one is better than predicting a farther away class. To account for this, most previous works employ loss functions based on the absolute difference between the predicted and groundtruth class labels. We argue that there are many cases in ordinal classification where label values are arbitrary (for instance 1. . . C, being C the number of classes) and thus such loss functions may not be the best choice. We instead propose a network architecture that produces not a single class prediction but an ordered vector, or ranking, of all the possible classes from most to least likely. This is thanks to a loss function that compares groundtruth and predicted rankings of these class labels, not the labels themselves. Another advantage of this new formulation is that we can enforce consistency in the predictions, namely, predicted rankings come from some unimodal vector of scores with mode at the groundtruth class. We compare with the state of the art ordinal classification methods, showing
that ours attains equal or better performance, as measured by common ordinal classification metrics, on three benchmark datasets. Furthermore, it is also suitable for a new task on image aesthetics assessment, i.e. most voted score prediction. Finally, we also apply it to building damage assessment from satellite images, providing an analysis of its performance depending on the degree of imbalance of the dataset.
 
  Address Virtual; January 2021  
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  Area Expedition Conference ICPR  
  Notes ADAS; 600.118; 600.124 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RuS2020 Serial 3549  
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Author (up) Idoia Ruiz; Joan Serrat edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Hierarchical Novelty Detection for Traffic Sign Recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume 22 Issue 12 Pages 4389  
  Keywords Novelty detection; hierarchical classification; deep learning; traffic sign recognition; autonomous driving; computer vision  
  Abstract Recent works have made significant progress in novelty detection, i.e., the problem of detecting samples of novel classes, never seen during training, while classifying those that belong to known classes. However, the only information this task provides about novel samples is that they are unknown. In this work, we leverage hierarchical taxonomies of classes to provide informative outputs for samples of novel classes. We predict their closest class in the taxonomy, i.e., its parent class. We address this problem, known as hierarchical novelty detection, by proposing a novel loss, namely Hierarchical Cosine Loss that is designed to learn class prototypes along with an embedding of discriminative features consistent with the taxonomy. We apply it to traffic sign recognition, where we predict the parent class semantics for new types of traffic signs. Our model beats state-of-the art approaches on two large scale traffic sign benchmarks, Mapillary Traffic Sign Dataset (MTSD) and Tsinghua-Tencent 100K (TT100K), and performs similarly on natural images benchmarks (AWA2, CUB). For TT100K and MTSD, our approach is able to detect novel samples at the correct nodes of the hierarchy with 81% and 36% of accuracy, respectively, at 80% known class accuracy.  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.154 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RuS2022 Serial 3684  
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Author (up) Idoia Ruiz; Lorenzo Porzi; Samuel Rota Bulo; Peter Kontschieder; Joan Serrat edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Weakly Supervised Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation Type Conference Article
  Year 2021 Publication IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 125-133  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We introduce the problem of weakly supervised MultiObject Tracking and Segmentation, i.e. joint weakly supervised instance segmentation and multi-object tracking, in which we do not provide any kind of mask annotation.
To address it, we design a novel synergistic training strategy by taking advantage of multi-task learning, i.e. classification and tracking tasks guide the training of the unsupervised instance segmentation. For that purpose, we extract weak foreground localization information, provided by
Grad-CAM heatmaps, to generate a partial ground truth to learn from. Additionally, RGB image level information is employed to refine the mask prediction at the edges of the
objects. We evaluate our method on KITTI MOTS, the most representative benchmark for this task, reducing the performance gap on the MOTSP metric between the fully supervised and weakly supervised approach to just 12% and 12.7 % for cars and pedestrians, respectively.
 
  Address Virtual; January 2021  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference WACVW  
  Notes ADAS; 600.118; 600.124 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RPR2021 Serial 3548  
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