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	Author	Cesar Isaza; Joaquin Salas; Bogdan Raducanu
	Title	Toward the Detection of Urban Infrastructures Edge Shadows			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	12th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6474	Issue	I	Pages	30–37
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper, we propose a novel technique to detect the shadows cast by urban infrastructure, such as buildings, billboards, and traffic signs, using a sequence of images taken from a fixed camera. In our approach, we compute two different background models in parallel: one for the edges and one for the reflected light intensity. An algorithm is proposed to train the system to distinguish between moving edges in general and edges that belong to static objects, creating an edge background model. Then, during operation, a background intensity model allow us to separate between moving and static objects. Those edges included in the moving objects and those that belong to the edge background model are subtracted from the current image edges. The remaining edges are the ones cast by urban infrastructure. Our method is tested on a typical crossroad scene and the results show that the approach is sound and promising.
	Address	Sydney, Australia
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor	eds. Blanc–Talon et al
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-17687-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ACIVS
	Notes	OR;MV			Approved	no
	Call Number	BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ ISR2010			Serial	1458
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	Author	Dani Rowe; Jordi Gonzalez; Marco Pedersoli; Juan J. Villanueva
	Title	On Tracking Inside Groups			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Machine Vision and Applications	Abbreviated Journal	MVA
	Volume	21	Issue	2	Pages	113–127
	Keywords
	Abstract	This work develops a new architecture for multiple-target tracking in unconstrained dynamic scenes, which consists of a detection level which feeds a two-stage tracking system. A remarkable characteristic of the system is its ability to track several targets while they group and split, without using 3D information. Thus, special attention is given to the feature-selection and appearance-computation modules, and to those modules involved in tracking through groups. The system aims to work as a stand-alone application in complex and dynamic scenarios. No a-priori knowledge about either the scene or the targets, based on a previous training period, is used. Hence, the scenario is completely unknown beforehand. Successful tracking has been demonstrated in well-known databases of both indoor and outdoor scenarios. Accurate and robust localisations have been yielded during long-term target merging and occlusions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer-Verlag	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0932-8092	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISE @ ise @ RGP2010			Serial	1158
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	Author	David Aldavert; Arnau Ramisa; Ramon Lopez de Mantaras; Ricardo Toledo
	Title	Real-time Object Segmentation using a Bag of Features Approach			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	13th International Conference of the Catalan Association for Artificial Intelligence	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	220	Issue		Pages	321–329
	Keywords	Object Segmentation; Bag Of Features; Feature Quantization; Densely sampled descriptors
	Abstract	In this paper, we propose an object segmentation framework, based on the popular bag of features (BoF), which can process several images per second while achieving a good segmentation accuracy assigning an object category to every pixel of the image. We propose an efficient color descriptor to complement the information obtained by a typical gradient-based local descriptor. Results show that color proves to be a useful cue to increase the segmentation accuracy, specially in large homogeneous regions. Then, we extend the Hierarchical K-Means codebook using the recently proposed Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors method. Finally, we show that the BoF method can be easily parallelized since it is applied locally, thus the time necessary to process an image is further reduced. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in the standard PASCAL 2007 Segmentation Challenge object segmentation dataset.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IOS Press Amsterdam,	Place of Publication		Editor	In R.Alquezar, A.Moreno, J.Aguilar.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	9781607506423	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	CCIA
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ ARL2010b			Serial	1417
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	Author	David Aldavert; Arnau Ramisa; Ramon Lopez de Mantaras; Ricardo Toledo
	Title	Fast and Robust Object Segmentation with the Integral Linear Classifier			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	23rd IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1046–1053
	Keywords
	Abstract	We propose an efficient method, built on the popular Bag of Features approach, that obtains robust multiclass pixel-level object segmentation of an image in less than 500ms, with results comparable or better than most state of the art methods. We introduce the Integral Linear Classifier (ILC), that can readily obtain the classification score for any image sub-window with only 6 additions and 1 product by fusing the accumulation and classification steps in a single operation. In order to design a method as efficient as possible, our building blocks are carefully selected from the quickest in the state of the art. More precisely, we evaluate the performance of three popular local descriptors, that can be very efficiently computed using integral images, and two fast quantization methods: the Hierarchical K-Means, and the Extremely Randomized Forest. Finally, we explore the utility of adding spatial bins to the Bag of Features histograms and that of cascade classifiers to improve the obtained segmentation. Our method is compared to the state of the art in the difficult Graz-02 and PASCAL 2007 Segmentation Challenge datasets.
	Address	San Francisco; CA; USA; June 2010
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1063-6919	ISBN	978-1-4244-6984-0	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	CVPR
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ ARL2010a			Serial	1311
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	Author	David Augusto Rojas; Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Joost Van de Weijer
	Title	The Impact of Color on Bag-of-Words based Object Recognition			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1549–1553
	Keywords
	Abstract	In recent years several works have aimed at exploiting color information in order to improve the bag-of-words based image representation. There are two stages in which color information can be applied in the bag-of-words framework. Firstly, feature detection can be improved by choosing highly informative color-based regions. Secondly, feature description, typically focusing on shape, can be improved with a color description of the local patches. Although both approaches have been shown to improve results the combined merits have not yet been analyzed. Therefore, in this paper we investigate the combined contribution of color to both the feature detection and extraction stages. Experiments performed on two challenging data sets, namely Flower and Pascal VOC 2009; clearly demonstrate that incorporating color in both feature detection and extraction significantly improves the overall performance.
	Address	Istanbul (Turkey)
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-4651	ISBN	978-1-4244-7542-1	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICPR
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	CAT @ cat @ RKW2010			Serial	1415
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	Author	David Augusto Rojas; Joost Van de Weijer; Theo Gevers
	Title	Color Edge Saliency Boosting using Natural Image Statistics			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	5th European Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging and Vision and 12th International Symposium on Multispectral Colour Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	228–234
	Keywords
	Abstract	State of the art methods for image matching, content-based retrieval and recognition use local features. Most of these still exploit only the luminance information for detection. The color saliency boosting algorithm has provided an efficient method to exploit the saliency of color edges based on information theory. However, during the design of this algorithm, some issues were not addressed in depth: (1) The method has ignored the underlying distribution of derivatives in natural images. (2) The dependence of information content in color-boosted edges on its spatial derivatives has not been quantitatively established. (3) To evaluate luminance and color contributions to saliency of edges, a parameter gradually balancing both contributions is required. We introduce a novel algorithm, based on the principles of independent component analysis, which models the first order derivatives of color natural images by a generalized Gaussian distribution. Furthermore, using this probability model we show that for images with a Laplacian distribution, which is a particular case of generalized Gaussian distribution, the magnitudes of color-boosted edges reflect their corresponding information content. In order to evaluate the impact of color edge saliency in real world applications, we introduce an extension of the Laplacian-of-Gaussian detector to color, and the performance for image matching is evaluated. Our experiments show that our approach provides more discriminative regions in comparison with the original detector.
	Address	Joensuu, Finland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	9781617388897	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	CGIV/MCS
	Notes	ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	CAT @ cat @ RWG2010			Serial	1306
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	Author	David Fernandez
	Title	Handwritten Word Spotting in Old Manuscript Images using Shape Descriptors			Type	Report
	Year	2010	Publication	CVC Technical Report	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	161	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Master's thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ Fer2010b			Serial	1353
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	Author	David Geronimo
	Title	A Global Approach to Vision-Based Pedestrian Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2010	Publication	PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	At the beginning of the 21th century, traffic accidents have become a major problem not only for developed countries but also for emerging ones. As in other scientific areas in which Artificial Intelligence is becoming a key actor, advanced driver assistance systems, and concretely pedestrian protection systems based on Computer Vision, are becoming a strong topic of research aimed at improving the safety of pedestrians. However, the challenge is of considerable complexity due to the varying appearance of humans (e.g., clothes, size, aspect ratio, shape, etc.), the dynamic nature of on-board systems and the unstructured moving environments that urban scenarios represent. In addition, the required performance is demanding both in terms of computational time and detection rates. In this thesis, instead of focusing on improving specific tasks as it is frequent in the literature, we present a global approach to the problem. Such a global overview starts by the proposal of a generic architecture to be used as a framework both to review the literature and to organize the studied techniques along the thesis. We then focus the research on tasks such as foreground segmentation, object classification and refinement following a general viewpoint and exploring aspects that are not usually analyzed. In order to perform the experiments, we also present a novel pedestrian dataset that consists of three subsets, each one addressed to the evaluation of a different specific task in the system. The results presented in this thesis not only end with a proposal of a pedestrian detection system but also go one step beyond by pointing out new insights, formalizing existing and proposed algorithms, introducing new techniques and evaluating their performance, which we hope will provide new foundations for future research in the area.
	Address	Antonio Lopez;Krystian Mikolajczyk;Jaume Amores;Dariu M. Gavrila;Oriol Pujol;Felipe Lumbreras
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	Ediciones Graficas Rey	Place of Publication		Editor	Antonio Lopez;Krystian Mikolajczyk;Jaume Amores;Dariu M. Gavrila;Oriol Pujol;Felipe Lumbreras
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-84-936529-5-1	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ Ger2010			Serial	1279
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	Author	David Geronimo; Angel Sappa; Antonio Lopez
	Title	Stereo-based Candidate Generation for Pedestrian Protection Systems			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2010	Publication	Binocular Vision: Development, Depth Perception and Disorders	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	9	Pages	189–208
	Keywords	Pedestrian Detection
	Abstract	This chapter describes a stereo-based algorithm that provides candidate image windows to a latter 2D classification stage in an on-board pedestrian detection system. The proposed algorithm, which consists of three stages, is based on the use of both stereo imaging and scene prior knowledge (i.e., pedestrians are on the ground) to reduce the candidate searching space. First, a successful road surface fitting algorithm provides estimates on the relative ground-camera pose. This stage directs the search toward the road area thus avoiding irrelevant regions like the sky. Then, three different schemes are used to scan the estimated road surface with pedestrian-sized windows: (a) uniformly distributed through the road surface (3D); (b) uniformly distributed through the image (2D); (c) not uniformly distributed but according to a quadratic function (combined 2D-3D). Finally, the set of candidate windows is reduced by analyzing their 3D content. Experimental results of the proposed algorithm, together with statistics of searching space reduction are provided.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	NOVA Publishers	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ GSL2010			Serial	1301
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	Author	David Geronimo; Angel Sappa; Daniel Ponsa; Antonio Lopez
	Title	2D-3D based on-board pedestrian detection system			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Computer Vision and Image Understanding	Abbreviated Journal	CVIU
	Volume	114	Issue	5	Pages	583–595
	Keywords	Pedestrian detection; Advanced Driver Assistance Systems; Horizon line; Haar wavelets; Edge orientation histograms
	Abstract	During the next decade, on-board pedestrian detection systems will play a key role in the challenge of increasing traffic safety. The main target of these systems, to detect pedestrians in urban scenarios, implies overcoming difficulties like processing outdoor scenes from a mobile platform and searching for aspect-changing objects in cluttered environments. This makes such systems combine techniques in the state-of-the-art Computer Vision. In this paper we present a three module system based on both 2D and 3D cues. The first module uses 3D information to estimate the road plane parameters and thus select a coherent set of regions of interest (ROIs) to be further analyzed. The second module uses Real AdaBoost and a combined set of Haar wavelets and edge orientation histograms to classify the incoming ROIs as pedestrian or non-pedestrian. The final module loops again with the 3D cue in order to verify the classified ROIs and with the 2D in order to refine the final results. According to the results, the integration of the proposed techniques gives rise to a promising system.
	Address	Computer Vision and Image Understanding (Special Issue on Intelligent Vision Systems), Vol. 114(5):583-595
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1077-3142	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ GSP2010			Serial	1341
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	Author	David Geronimo; Antonio Lopez
	Title	Deteccion de Peatones para Sistemas Avanzados de Asistencia al Conductor			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2010	Publication	UAB Divulga	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Los sistemas de asistencia al conductor, y particularmente los sistemas de protección de peatones, representan uno de los campos de investigación más activos dedicados a la mejora de la seguridad vial. El mayor desafío es el desarrollo de sistemas a bordo fiables de detección de peatones. En esta revisión del estado de la técnica de la detección de peatones, se divide el problema en diferentes etapas, cada una con responsabilidades propias dentro del sistema. Esta división facilita el posterior análisis y discusión de cada uno de los métodos en la literatura, favoreciendo la comparación entre ellos. Finalmente se discuten los temas más importantes de este campo poniendo especial énfasis en las necesidades actuales y los desafíos futuros.
	Address	Bellaterra (Catalonia), Spain
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	spreading;ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ GeL2010a			Serial	1414
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	Author	David Geronimo; Antonio Lopez
	Title	Sistema de deteccion de peatones			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2010	Publication	UAB Divulga	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Durante la próxima década, los sistemas de protección de peatones jugarán un papel fundamental en el reto de mejorar la seguridad viaria. El objetivo principal de estos sistemas, detectar peatones en entornos urbanos, implica procesar imágenes de escenas exteriores desde una plataforma móvil para buscar objetos de aspecto variable como son las personas. Dadas estas dificultades, estos sistemas hacen uso de las últimas técnicas de visión por computador. Esta propuesta consiste en un sistema de tres módulos basado tanto en información 2D como en 3D. El primer módulo utiliza información 3D para hacer una estimación de los parámetros de la carretera y seleccionar regiones de interés que serán analizadas después. El segundo módulo utiliza un clasificador de ventanas 2D para etiquetar las mencionadas regiones como peatón o no peatón. El módulo final vuelve a utilizar de nuevo la información 3D para verificar las regiones clasificadas y, con información 2D, refinar los resultados finales. Los resultados experimentales son positivos tanto en rendimiento como en tiempo de cómputo.
	Address	Bellaterra (Spain)
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	spreading;ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ GeL2010b			Serial	1473
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	Author	David Geronimo; Antonio Lopez; Angel Sappa; Thorsten Graf
	Title	Survey on Pedestrian Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence	Abbreviated Journal	TPAMI
	Volume	32	Issue	7	Pages	1239–1258
	Keywords	ADAS, pedestrian detection, on-board vision, survey
	Abstract	Advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs), and particularly pedestrian protection systems (PPSs), have become an active research area aimed at improving traffic safety. The major challenge of PPSs is the development of reliable on-board pedestrian detection systems. Due to the varying appearance of pedestrians (e.g., different clothes, changing size, aspect ratio, and dynamic shape) and the unstructured environment, it is very difficult to cope with the demanded robustness of this kind of system. Two problems arising in this research area are the lack of public benchmarks and the difficulty in reproducing many of the proposed methods, which makes it difficult to compare the approaches. As a result, surveying the literature by enumerating the proposals one-after-another is not the most useful way to provide a comparative point of view. Accordingly, we present a more convenient strategy to survey the different approaches. We divide the problem of detecting pedestrians from images into different processing steps, each with attached responsibilities. Then, the different proposed methods are analyzed and classified with respect to each processing stage, favoring a comparative viewpoint. Finally, discussion of the important topics is presented, putting special emphasis on the future needs and challenges.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0162-8828	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ GLS2010			Serial	1340
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	Author	David Rotger; Petia Radeva; N. Bruining
	Title	Automatic Detection of Bioabsorbable Coronary Stents in IVUS Images using a Cascade of Classifiers			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine	Abbreviated Journal	TITB
	Volume	14	Issue	2	Pages	535 – 537
	Keywords
	Abstract	Bioabsorbable drug-eluting coronary stents present a very promising improvement to the common metallic ones solving some of the most important problems of stent implantation: the late restenosis. These stents made of poly-L-lactic acid cause a very subtle acoustic shadow (compared to the metallic ones) making difficult the automatic detection and measurements in images. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on a cascade of GentleBoost classifiers to detect the stent struts using structural features to code the information of the different subregions of the struts. A stochastic gradient descent method is applied to optimize the overall performance of the detector. Validation results of struts detection are very encouraging with an average F-measure of 81%.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MILAB			Approved	no
	Call Number	BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ RRB2010			Serial	1287
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	Author	Debora Gil; Jaume Garcia; Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Enric Marti
	Title	Manifold parametrization of the left ventricle for a statistical modelling of its complete anatomy			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	8th Medical Imaging	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7623	Issue	762304	Pages	304
	Keywords
	Abstract	Distortion of Left Ventricle (LV) external anatomy is related to some dysfunctions, such as hypertrophy. The architecture of myocardial fibers determines LV electromechanical activation patterns as well as mechanics. Thus, their joined modelling would allow the design of specific interventions (such as peacemaker implantation and LV remodelling) and therapies (such as resynchronization). On one hand, accurate modelling of external anatomy requires either a dense sampling or a continuous infinite dimensional approach, which requires non-Euclidean statistics. On the other hand, computation of fiber models requires statistics on Riemannian spaces. Most approaches compute separate statistical models for external anatomy and fibers architecture. In this work we propose a general mathematical framework based on differential geometry concepts for computing a statistical model including, both, external and fiber anatomy. Our framework provides a continuous approach to external anatomy supporting standard statistics. We also provide a straightforward formula for the computation of the Riemannian fiber statistics. We have applied our methodology to the computation of complete anatomical atlas of canine hearts from diffusion tensor studies. The orientation of fibers over the average external geometry agrees with the segmental description of orientations reported in the literature.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	SPIE	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	SPIE
	Notes	IAM			Approved	no
	Call Number	IAM @ iam @ GGH2010a			Serial	1522
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