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Author Henry Velesaca; Gisel Bastidas-Guacho; Mohammad Rouhani; Angel Sappa edit  url
openurl 
  Title Multimodal image registration techniques: a comprehensive survey Type Journal Article
  Year 2024 Publication Multimedia Tools and Applications Abbreviated Journal MTAP  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract This manuscript presents a review of state-of-the-art techniques proposed in the literature for multimodal image registration, addressing instances where images from different modalities need to be precisely aligned in the same reference system. This scenario arises when the images to be registered come from different modalities, among the visible and thermal spectral bands, 3D-RGB, or flash-no flash, or NIR-visible. The review spans different techniques from classical approaches to more modern ones based on deep learning, aiming to highlight the particularities required at each step in the registration pipeline when dealing with multimodal images. It is noteworthy that medical images are excluded from this review due to their specific characteristics, including the use of both active and passive sensors or the non-rigid nature of the body contained in the image.  
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  Notes MSIAU Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ VBR2024 Serial 3997  
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Author Patricia Suarez; Dario Carpio; Angel Sappa edit  url
openurl 
  Title Enhancement of guided thermal image super-resolution approaches Type Journal Article
  Year 2024 Publication Neurocomputing Abbreviated Journal NEUCOM  
  Volume 573 Issue 127197 Pages 1-17  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Guided image processing techniques are widely used to extract meaningful information from a guiding image and facilitate the enhancement of the guided one. This paper specifically addresses the challenge of guided thermal image super-resolution, where a low-resolution thermal image is enhanced using a high-resolution visible spectrum image. We propose a new strategy that enhances outcomes from current guided super-resolution methods. This is achieved by transforming the initial guiding data into a representation resembling a thermal-like image, which is more closely in sync with the intended output. Experimental results with upscale factors of 8 and 16, demonstrate the outstanding performance of our approach in guided thermal image super-resolution obtained by mapping the original guiding information to a thermal-like image representation.  
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  Notes MSIAU Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SCS2024 Serial 3998  
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Author Trevor Canham; Javier Vazquez; D Long; Richard F. Murray; Michael S Brown edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Noise Prism: A Novel Multispectral Visualization Technique Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication 31st Color and Imaging Conference Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract A novel technique for visualizing multispectral images is proposed. Inspired by how prisms work, our method spreads spectral information over a chromatic noise pattern. This is accomplished by populating the pattern with pixels representing each measurement band at a count proportional to its measured intensity. The method is advantageous because it allows for lightweight encoding and visualization of spectral information
while maintaining the color appearance of the stimulus. A four alternative forced choice (4AFC) experiment was conducted to validate the method’s information-carrying capacity in displaying metameric stimuli of varying colors and spectral basis functions. The scores ranged from 100% to 20% (less than chance given the 4AFC task), with many conditions falling somewhere in between at statistically significant intervals. Using this data, color and texture difference metrics can be evaluated and optimized to predict the legibility of the visualization technique.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference CIC  
  Notes MACO; CIC Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ CVL2021 Serial 4000  
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Author Mingyi Yang; Fei Yang; Luka Murn; Marc Gorriz Blanch; Juil Sock; Shuai Wan; Fuzheng Yang; Luis Herranz edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Task-Switchable Pre-Processor for Image Compression for Multiple Machine Vision Tasks Type Journal Article
  Year 2024 Publication IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords M Yang, F Yang, L Murn, MG Blanch, J Sock, S Wan, F Yang, L Herranz  
  Abstract Visual content is increasingly being processed by machines for various automated content analysis tasks instead of being consumed by humans. Despite the existence of several compression methods tailored for machine tasks, few consider real-world scenarios with multiple tasks. In this paper, we aim to address this gap by proposing a task-switchable pre-processor that optimizes input images specifically for machine consumption prior to encoding by an off-the-shelf codec designed for human consumption. The proposed task-switchable pre-processor adeptly maintains relevant semantic information based on the specific characteristics of different downstream tasks, while effectively suppressing irrelevant information to reduce bitrate. To enhance the processing of semantic information for diverse tasks, we leverage pre-extracted semantic features to modulate the pixel-to-pixel mapping within the pre-processor. By switching between different modulations, multiple tasks can be seamlessly incorporated into the system. Extensive experiments demonstrate the practicality and simplicity of our approach. It significantly reduces the number of parameters required for handling multiple tasks while still delivering impressive performance. Our method showcases the potential to achieve efficient and effective compression for machine vision tasks, supporting the evolving demands of real-world applications.  
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  Notes xxx Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ YYM2024 Serial 4007  
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Author Mohamed Ramzy Ibrahim; Robert Benavente; Daniel Ponsa; Felipe Lumbreras edit  url
openurl 
  Title Unveiling the Influence of Image Super-Resolution on Aerial Scene Classification Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14469 Issue Pages 214–228  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Deep learning has made significant advances in recent years, and as a result, it is now in a stage where it can achieve outstanding results in tasks requiring visual understanding of scenes. However, its performance tends to decline when dealing with low-quality images. The advent of super-resolution (SR) techniques has started to have an impact on the field of remote sensing by enabling the restoration of fine details and enhancing image quality, which could help to increase performance in other vision tasks. However, in previous works, contradictory results for scene visual understanding were achieved when SR techniques were applied. In this paper, we present an experimental study on the impact of SR on enhancing aerial scene classification. Through the analysis of different state-of-the-art SR algorithms, including traditional methods and deep learning-based approaches, we unveil the transformative potential of SR in overcoming the limitations of low-resolution (LR) aerial imagery. By enhancing spatial resolution, more fine details are captured, opening the door for an improvement in scene understanding. We also discuss the effect of different image scales on the quality of SR and its effect on aerial scene classification. Our experimental work demonstrates the significant impact of SR on enhancing aerial scene classification compared to LR images, opening new avenues for improved remote sensing applications.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title LNCS  
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  Area Expedition Conference CIARP  
  Notes MSIAU Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ IBP2023 Serial 4008  
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Author Patricia Suarez; Dario Carpio; Angel Sappa edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Depth Map Estimation from a Single 2D Image Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication 17th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 347-353  
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  Abstract This paper presents an innovative architecture based on a Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) for the synthesis of high-quality depth maps from monocular images. The proposed architecture leverages a diverse set of loss functions, including cycle consistency, contrastive, identity, and least square losses, to facilitate the generation of depth maps that exhibit realism and high fidelity. A notable feature of the approach is its ability to synthesize depth maps from grayscale images without the need for paired training data. Extensive comparisons with different state-of-the-art methods show the superiority of the proposed approach in both quantitative metrics and visual quality. This work addresses the challenge of depth map synthesis and offers significant advancements in the field.  
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  Area Expedition Conference SITIS  
  Notes MSIAU Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SCS2023b Serial 4009  
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Author Rafael E. Rivadeneira; Henry Velesaca; Angel Sappa edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Object Detection in Very Low-Resolution Thermal Images through a Guided-Based Super-Resolution Approach Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication 17th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract This work proposes a novel approach that integrates super-resolution techniques with off-the-shelf object detection methods to tackle the problem of handling very low-resolution thermal images. The suggested approach begins by enhancing the low-resolution (LR) thermal images through a guided super-resolution strategy, leveraging a high-resolution (HR) visible spectrum image. Subsequently, object detection is performed on the high-resolution thermal image. The experimental results demonstrate tremendous improvements in comparison with both scenarios: when object detection is performed on the LR thermal image alone, as well as when object detection is conducted on the up-sampled LR thermal image. Moreover, the proposed approach proves highly valuable in camouflaged scenarios where objects might remain undetected in visible spectrum images.  
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  Notes MSIAU Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RVS2023 Serial 4010  
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Author Patricia Suarez; Dario Carpio; Angel Sappa edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Boosting Guided Super-Resolution Performance with Synthesized Images Type Conference Article
  Year 2023 Publication 17th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 189-195  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Guided image processing techniques are widely used for extracting information from a guiding image to aid in the processing of the guided one. These images may be sourced from different modalities, such as 2D and 3D, or different spectral bands, like visible and infrared. In the case of guided cross-spectral super-resolution, features from the two modal images are extracted and efficiently merged to migrate guidance information from one image, usually high-resolution (HR), toward the guided one, usually low-resolution (LR). Different approaches have been recently proposed focusing on the development of architectures for feature extraction and merging in the cross-spectral domains, but none of them care about the different nature of the given images. This paper focuses on the specific problem of guided thermal image super-resolution, where an LR thermal image is enhanced by an HR visible spectrum image. To improve existing guided super-resolution techniques, a novel scheme is proposed that maps the original guiding information to a thermal image-like representation that is similar to the output. Experimental results evaluating five different approaches demonstrate that the best results are achieved when the guiding and guided images share the same domain.  
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  Notes MSIAU Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SCS2023c Serial 4011  
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Author Ruben Perez Tito; Khanh Nguyen; Marlon Tobaben; Raouf Kerkouche; Mohamed Ali Souibgui; Kangsoo Jung; Lei Kang; Ernest Valveny; Antti Honkela; Mario Fritz; Dimosthenis Karatzas edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Privacy-Aware Document Visual Question Answering Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2023 Publication Arxiv Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract Document Visual Question Answering (DocVQA) is a fast growing branch of document understanding. Despite the fact that documents contain sensitive or copyrighted information, none of the current DocVQA methods offers strong privacy guarantees.
In this work, we explore privacy in the domain of DocVQA for the first time. We highlight privacy issues in state of the art multi-modal LLM models used for DocVQA, and explore possible solutions.
Specifically, we focus on the invoice processing use case as a realistic, widely used scenario for document understanding, and propose a large scale DocVQA dataset comprising invoice documents and associated questions and answers. We employ a federated learning scheme, that reflects the real-life distribution of documents in different businesses, and we explore the use case where the ID of the invoice issuer is the sensitive information to be protected.
We demonstrate that non-private models tend to memorise, behaviour that can lead to exposing private information. We then evaluate baseline training schemes employing federated learning and differential privacy in this multi-modal scenario, where the sensitive information might be exposed through any of the two input modalities: vision (document image) or language (OCR tokens).
Finally, we design an attack exploiting the memorisation effect of the model, and demonstrate its effectiveness in probing different DocVQA models.
 
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  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PNT2023 Serial 4012  
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Author Daniel Marczak; Sebastian Cygert; Tomasz Trzcinski; Bartlomiej Twardowski edit  url
openurl 
  Title Revisiting Supervision for Continual Representation Learning Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2023 Publication Arxiv Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract In the field of continual learning, models are designed to learn tasks one after the other. While most research has centered on supervised continual learning, recent studies have highlighted the strengths of self-supervised continual representation learning. The improved transferability of representations built with self-supervised methods is often associated with the role played by the multi-layer perceptron projector. In this work, we depart from this observation and reexamine the role of supervision in continual representation learning. We reckon that additional information, such as human annotations, should not deteriorate the quality of representations. Our findings show that supervised models when enhanced with a multi-layer perceptron head, can outperform self-supervised models in continual representation learning.  
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  Notes xxx Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MCT2023 Serial 4013  
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Author Jose Luis Gomez; Manuel Silva; Antonio Seoane; Agnes Borras; Mario Noriega; German Ros; Jose Antonio Iglesias; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title All for One, and One for All: UrbanSyn Dataset, the third Musketeer of Synthetic Driving Scenes Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2023 Publication Arxiv Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract We introduce UrbanSyn, a photorealistic dataset acquired through semi-procedurally generated synthetic urban driving scenarios. Developed using high-quality geometry and materials, UrbanSyn provides pixel-level ground truth, including depth, semantic segmentation, and instance segmentation with object bounding boxes and occlusion degree. It complements GTAV and Synscapes datasets to form what we coin as the 'Three Musketeers'. We demonstrate the value of the Three Musketeers in unsupervised domain adaptation for image semantic segmentation. Results on real-world datasets, Cityscapes, Mapillary Vistas, and BDD100K, establish new benchmarks, largely attributed to UrbanSyn. We make UrbanSyn openly and freely accessible (this http URL).  
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  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GSS2023 Serial 4015  
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Author Razieh Rastgoo; Kourosh Kiani; Sergio Escalera edit  url
openurl 
  Title A transformer model for boundary detection in continuous sign language Type Journal Article
  Year 2024 Publication Multimedia Tools and Applications Abbreviated Journal MTAP  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract Sign Language Recognition (SLR) has garnered significant attention from researchers in recent years, particularly the intricate domain of Continuous Sign Language Recognition (CSLR), which presents heightened complexity compared to Isolated Sign Language Recognition (ISLR). One of the prominent challenges in CSLR pertains to accurately detecting the boundaries of isolated signs within a continuous video stream. Additionally, the reliance on handcrafted features in existing models poses a challenge to achieving optimal accuracy. To surmount these challenges, we propose a novel approach utilizing a Transformer-based model. Unlike traditional models, our approach focuses on enhancing accuracy while eliminating the need for handcrafted features. The Transformer model is employed for both ISLR and CSLR. The training process involves using isolated sign videos, where hand keypoint features extracted from the input video are enriched using the Transformer model. Subsequently, these enriched features are forwarded to the final classification layer. The trained model, coupled with a post-processing method, is then applied to detect isolated sign boundaries within continuous sign videos. The evaluation of our model is conducted on two distinct datasets, including both continuous signs and their corresponding isolated signs, demonstrates promising results.  
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  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RKE2024 Serial 4016  
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Author Vacit Oguz Yazici; Longlong Yu; Arnau Ramisa; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer edit  url
openurl 
  Title Main product detection with graph networks for fashion Type Journal Article
  Year 2024 Publication Multimedia Tools and Applications Abbreviated Journal MTAP  
  Volume 83 Issue Pages 3215–3231  
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  Abstract Computer vision has established a foothold in the online fashion retail industry. Main product detection is a crucial step of vision-based fashion product feed parsing pipelines, focused on identifying the bounding boxes that contain the product being sold in the gallery of images of the product page. The current state-of-the-art approach does not leverage the relations between regions in the image, and treats images of the same product independently, therefore not fully exploiting visual and product contextual information. In this paper, we propose a model that incorporates Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) that jointly represent all detected bounding boxes in the gallery as nodes. We show that the proposed method is better than the state-of-the-art, especially, when we consider the scenario where title-input is missing at inference time and for cross-dataset evaluation, our method outperforms previous approaches by a large margin.  
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  Notes LAMP; MACO; 600.147; 600.167; 600.164; 600.161; 600.141; 601.309 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ YYR2024 Serial 4017  
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Author Javier Vazquez; Graham D. Finlayson; Luis Herranz edit  url
openurl 
  Title Improving the perception of low-light enhanced images Type Journal Article
  Year 2024 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 5174-5190  
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  Abstract Improving images captured under low-light conditions has become an important topic in computational color imaging, as it has a wide range of applications. Most current methods are either based on handcrafted features or on end-to-end training of deep neural networks that mostly focus on minimizing some distortion metric —such as PSNR or SSIM— on a set of training images. However, the minimization of distortion metrics does not mean that the results are optimal in terms of perception (i.e. perceptual quality). As an example, the perception-distortion trade-off states that, close to the optimal results, improving distortion results in worsening perception. This means that current low-light image enhancement methods —that focus on distortion minimization— cannot be optimal in the sense of obtaining a good image in terms of perception errors. In this paper, we propose a post-processing approach in which, given the original low-light image and the result of a specific method, we are able to obtain a result that resembles as much as possible that of the original method, but, at the same time, giving an improvement in the perception of the final image. More in detail, our method follows the hypothesis that in order to minimally modify the perception of an input image, any modification should be a combination of a local change in the shading across a scene and a global change in illumination color. We demonstrate the ability of our method quantitatively using perceptual blind image metrics such as BRISQUE, NIQE, or UNIQUE, and through user preference tests.  
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  Notes MACO Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ VFH2024 Serial 4018  
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Author Beata Megyesi; Alicia Fornes; Nils Kopal; Benedek Lang edit  url
openurl 
  Title Historical Cryptology Type Book Chapter
  Year 2024 Publication Learning and Experiencing Cryptography with CrypTool and SageMath Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract Historical cryptology studies (original) encrypted manuscripts, often handwritten sources, produced in our history. These historical sources can be found in archives, often hidden without any indexing and therefore hard to locate. Once found they need to be digitized and turned into a machine-readable text format before they can be deciphered with computational methods. The focus of historical cryptology is not primarily the development of sophisticated algorithms for decipherment, but rather the entire process of analysis of the encrypted source from collection and digitization to transcription and decryption. The process also includes the interpretation and contextualization of the message set in its historical context. There are many challenges on the way, such as mistakes made by the scribe, errors made by the transcriber, damaged pages, handwriting styles that are difficult to interpret, historical languages from various time periods, and hidden underlying language of the message. Ciphertexts vary greatly in terms of their code system and symbol sets used with more or less distinguishable symbols. Ciphertexts can be embedded in clearly written text, or shorter or longer sequences of cleartext can be embedded in the ciphertext. The ciphers used mostly in historical times are substitutions (simple, homophonic, or polyphonic), with or without nomenclatures, encoded as digits or symbol sequences, with or without spaces. So the circumstances are different from those in modern cryptography which focuses on methods (algorithms) and their strengths and assumes that the algorithm is applied correctly. For both historical and modern cryptology, attack vectors outside the algorithm are applied like implementation flaws and side-channel attacks. In this chapter, we give an introduction to the field of historical cryptology and present an overview of how researchers today process historical encrypted sources.  
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  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MFK2024 Serial 4020  
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