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Manisha Das; Deep Gupta; Petia Radeva; Ashwini M. Bakde |
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Title |
Optimized CT-MR neurological image fusion framework using biologically inspired spiking neural model in hybrid ℓ1 - ℓ0 layer decomposition domain |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
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Biomedical Signal Processing and Control |
Abbreviated Journal |
BSPC |
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68 |
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102535 |
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Abstract  |
Medical image fusion plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis of several critical neurological diseases by merging complementary information available in multimodal images. In this paper, a novel CT-MR neurological image fusion framework is proposed using an optimized biologically inspired feedforward neural model in two-scale hybrid ℓ1 − ℓ0 decomposition domain using gray wolf optimization to preserve the structural as well as texture information present in source CT and MR images. Initially, the source images are subjected to two-scale ℓ1 − ℓ0 decomposition with optimized parameters, giving a scale-1 detail layer, a scale-2 detail layer and a scale-2 base layer. Two detail layers at scale-1 and 2 are fused using an optimized biologically inspired neural model and weighted average scheme based on local energy and modified spatial frequency to maximize the preservation of edges and local textures, respectively, while the scale-2 base layer gets fused using choose max rule to preserve the background information. To optimize the hyper-parameters of hybrid ℓ1 − ℓ0 decomposition and biologically inspired neural model, a fitness function is evaluated based on spatial frequency and edge index of the resultant fused image obtained by adding all the fused components. The fusion performance is analyzed by conducting extensive experiments on different CT-MR neurological images. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method provides better-fused images and outperforms the other state-of-the-art fusion methods in both visual and quantitative assessments. |
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MILAB; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ DGR2021b |
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3636 |
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Author |
Sudeep Katakol; Basem Elbarashy; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Distributed Learning and Inference with Compressed Images |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
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IEEE Transactions on Image Processing |
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TIP |
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30 |
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3069 - 3083 |
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Modern computer vision requires processing large amounts of data, both while training the model and/or during inference, once the model is deployed. Scenarios where images are captured and processed in physically separated locations are increasingly common (e.g. autonomous vehicles, cloud computing). In addition, many devices suffer from limited resources to store or transmit data (e.g. storage space, channel capacity). In these scenarios, lossy image compression plays a crucial role to effectively increase the number of images collected under such constraints. However, lossy compression entails some undesired degradation of the data that may harm the performance of the downstream analysis task at hand, since important semantic information may be lost in the process. Moreover, we may only have compressed images at training time but are able to use original images at inference time, or vice versa, and in such a case, the downstream model suffers from covariate shift. In this paper, we analyze this phenomenon, with a special focus on vision-based perception for autonomous driving as a paradigmatic scenario. We see that loss of semantic information and covariate shift do indeed exist, resulting in a drop in performance that depends on the compression rate. In order to address the problem, we propose dataset restoration, based on image restoration with generative adversarial networks (GANs). Our method is agnostic to both the particular image compression method and the downstream task; and has the advantage of not adding additional cost to the deployed models, which is particularly important in resource-limited devices. The presented experiments focus on semantic segmentation as a challenging use case, cover a broad range of compression rates and diverse datasets, and show how our method is able to significantly alleviate the negative effects of compression on the downstream visual task. |
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LAMP; ADAS; 600.120; 600.118 |
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Admin @ si @ KEH2021 |
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3543 |
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Author |
Manisha Das; Deep Gupta; Petia Radeva; Ashwini M. Bakde |
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Title |
Multi-scale decomposition-based CT-MR neurological image fusion using optimized bio-inspired spiking neural model with meta-heuristic optimization |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
IMA |
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31 |
Issue |
4 |
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2170-2188 |
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Multi-modal medical image fusion plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and works as an assistance model for clinicians. In this paper, a computed tomography-magnetic resonance (CT-MR) image fusion model is proposed using an optimized bio-inspired spiking feedforward neural network in different decomposition domains. First, source images are decomposed into base (low-frequency) and detail (high-frequency) layer components. Low-frequency subbands are fused using texture energy measures to capture the local energy, contrast, and small edges in the fused image. High-frequency coefficients are fused using firing maps obtained by pixel-activated neural model with the optimized parameters using three different optimization techniques such as differential evolution, cuckoo search, and gray wolf optimization, individually. In the optimization model, a fitness function is computed based on the edge index of resultant fused images, which helps to extract and preserve sharp edges available in the source CT and MR images. To validate the fusion performance, a detailed comparative analysis is presented among the proposed and state-of-the-art methods in terms of quantitative and qualitative measures along with computational complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed method produces a significantly better visual quality of fused images meanwhile outperforms the existing methods. |
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MILAB; no menciona |
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Admin @ si @ DGR2021a |
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3630 |
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Author |
Kai Wang; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer |
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Title |
Continual learning in cross-modal retrieval |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
2nd CLVISION workshop |
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3628-3638 |
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Multimodal representations and continual learning are two areas closely related to human intelligence. The former considers the learning of shared representation spaces where information from different modalities can be compared and integrated (we focus on cross-modal retrieval between language and visual representations). The latter studies how to prevent forgetting a previously learned task when learning a new one. While humans excel in these two aspects, deep neural networks are still quite limited. In this paper, we propose a combination of both problems into a continual cross-modal retrieval setting, where we study how the catastrophic interference caused by new tasks impacts the embedding spaces and their cross-modal alignment required for effective retrieval. We propose a general framework that decouples the training, indexing and querying stages. We also identify and study different factors that may lead to forgetting, and propose tools to alleviate it. We found that the indexing stage pays an important role and that simply avoiding reindexing the database with updated embedding networks can lead to significant gains. We evaluated our methods in two image-text retrieval datasets, obtaining significant gains with respect to the fine tuning baseline. |
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Virtual; June 2021 |
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CVPRW |
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LAMP; 600.120; 600.141; 600.147; 601.379 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ WHW2021 |
Serial |
3566 |
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Author |
Sudeep Katakol; Luis Herranz; Fei Yang; Marta Mrak |
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Title |
DANICE: Domain adaptation without forgetting in neural image compression |
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Conference Article |
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2021 |
Publication |
Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops |
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1921-1925 |
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Neural image compression (NIC) is a new coding paradigm where coding capabilities are captured by deep models learned from data. This data-driven nature enables new potential functionalities. In this paper, we study the adaptability of codecs to custom domains of interest. We show that NIC codecs are transferable and that they can be adapted with relatively few target domain images. However, naive adaptation interferes with the solution optimized for the original source domain, resulting in forgetting the original coding capabilities in that domain, and may even break the compatibility with previously encoded bitstreams. Addressing these problems, we propose Codec Adaptation without Forgetting (CAwF), a framework that can avoid these problems by adding a small amount of custom parameters, where the source codec remains embedded and unchanged during the adaptation process. Experiments demonstrate its effectiveness and provide useful insights on the characteristics of catastrophic interference in NIC. |
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Virtual; June 2021 |
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LAMP; 600.120; 600.141; 601.379 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ KHY2021 |
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3568 |
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Author |
Fei Yang; Luis Herranz; Yongmei Cheng; Mikhail Mozerov |
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Title |
Slimmable compressive autoencoders for practical neural image compression |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
34th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
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4996-5005 |
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Neural image compression leverages deep neural networks to outperform traditional image codecs in rate-distortion performance. However, the resulting models are also heavy, computationally demanding and generally optimized for a single rate, limiting their practical use. Focusing on practical image compression, we propose slimmable compressive autoencoders (SlimCAEs), where rate (R) and distortion (D) are jointly optimized for different capacities. Once trained, encoders and decoders can be executed at different capacities, leading to different rates and complexities. We show that a successful implementation of SlimCAEs requires suitable capacity-specific RD tradeoffs. Our experiments show that SlimCAEs are highly flexible models that provide excellent rate-distortion performance, variable rate, and dynamic adjustment of memory, computational cost and latency, thus addressing the main requirements of practical image compression. |
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Virtual; June 2021 |
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CVPR |
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LAMP; 600.120 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ YHC2021 |
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3569 |
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Author |
Andreea Glavan; Alina Matei; Petia Radeva; Estefania Talavera |
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Title |
Does our social life influence our nutritional behaviour? Understanding nutritional habits from egocentric photo-streams |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
Publication |
Expert Systems with Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
ESWA |
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171 |
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114506 |
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Nutrition and social interactions are both key aspects of the daily lives of humans. In this work, we propose a system to evaluate the influence of social interaction in the nutritional habits of a person from a first-person perspective. In order to detect the routine of an individual, we construct a nutritional behaviour pattern discovery model, which outputs routines over a number of days. Our method evaluates similarity of routines with respect to visited food-related scenes over the collected days, making use of Dynamic Time Warping, as well as considering social engagement and its correlation with food-related activities. The nutritional and social descriptors of the collected days are evaluated and encoded using an LSTM Autoencoder. Later, the obtained latent space is clustered to find similar days unaffected by outliers using the Isolation Forest method. Moreover, we introduce a new score metric to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. We validate our method on 104 days and more than 100 k egocentric images gathered by 7 users. Several different visualizations are evaluated for the understanding of the findings. Our results demonstrate good performance and applicability of our proposed model for social-related nutritional behaviour understanding. At the end, relevant applications of the model are discussed by analysing the discovered routine of particular individuals. |
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MILAB; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ GMR2021 |
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3634 |
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Author |
Sanket Biswas; Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Umapada Pal |
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Title |
Graph-Based Deep Generative Modelling for Document Layout Generation |
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Conference Article |
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2021 |
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16th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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12917 |
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525-537 |
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One of the major prerequisites for any deep learning approach is the availability of large-scale training data. When dealing with scanned document images in real world scenarios, the principal information of its content is stored in the layout itself. In this work, we have proposed an automated deep generative model using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to generate synthetic data with highly variable and plausible document layouts that can be used to train document interpretation systems, in this case, specially in digital mailroom applications. It is also the first graph-based approach for document layout generation task experimented on administrative document images, in this case, invoices. |
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Lausanne; Suissa; September 2021 |
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DAG; 600.121; 600.140; 110.312 |
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Admin @ si @ BRL2021 |
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3676 |
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Author |
Kai Wang; Joost Van de Weijer; Luis Herranz |
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ACAE-REMIND for online continual learning with compressed feature replay |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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150 |
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122-129 |
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online continual learning; autoencoders; vector quantization |
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Online continual learning aims to learn from a non-IID stream of data from a number of different tasks, where the learner is only allowed to consider data once. Methods are typically allowed to use a limited buffer to store some of the images in the stream. Recently, it was found that feature replay, where an intermediate layer representation of the image is stored (or generated) leads to superior results than image replay, while requiring less memory. Quantized exemplars can further reduce the memory usage. However, a drawback of these methods is that they use a fixed (or very intransigent) backbone network. This significantly limits the learning of representations that can discriminate between all tasks. To address this problem, we propose an auxiliary classifier auto-encoder (ACAE) module for feature replay at intermediate layers with high compression rates. The reduced memory footprint per image allows us to save more exemplars for replay. In our experiments, we conduct task-agnostic evaluation under online continual learning setting and get state-of-the-art performance on ImageNet-Subset, CIFAR100 and CIFAR10 dataset. |
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LAMP; 600.147; 601.379; 600.120; 600.141 |
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Admin @ si @ WWH2021 |
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3575 |
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Joan Codina-Filba; Sergio Escalera; Joan Escudero; Coen Antens; Pau Buch-Cardona; Mireia Farrus |
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Mobile eHealth Platform for Home Monitoring of Bipolar Disorder |
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Conference Article |
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2021 |
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27th ACM International Conference on Multimedia Modeling |
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12573 |
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330-341 |
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People suffering Bipolar Disorder (BD) experiment changes in mood status having depressive or manic episodes with normal periods in the middle. BD is a chronic disease with a high level of non-adherence to medication that needs a continuous monitoring of patients to detect when they relapse in an episode, so that physicians can take care of them. Here we present MoodRecord, an easy-to-use, non-intrusive, multilingual, robust and scalable platform suitable for home monitoring patients with BD, that allows physicians and relatives to track the patient state and get alarms when abnormalities occur.
MoodRecord takes advantage of the capabilities of smartphones as a communication and recording device to do a continuous monitoring of patients. It automatically records user activity, and asks the user to answer some questions or to record himself in video, according to a predefined plan designed by physicians. The video is analysed, recognising the mood status from images and bipolar assessment scores are extracted from speech parameters. The data obtained from the different sources are merged periodically to observe if a relapse may start and if so, raise the corresponding alarm. The application got a positive evaluation in a pilot with users from three different countries. During the pilot, the predictions of the voice and image modules showed a coherent correlation with the diagnosis performed by clinicians. |
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MMM |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ CEE2021 |
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3659 |
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David Curto; Albert Clapes; Javier Selva; Sorina Smeureanu; Julio C. S. Jacques Junior; David Gallardo-Pujol; Georgina Guilera; David Leiva; Thomas B. Moeslund; Sergio Escalera; Cristina Palmero |
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Dyadformer: A Multi-Modal Transformer for Long-Range Modeling of Dyadic Interactions |
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2021 |
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IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops |
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2177-2188 |
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Personality computing has become an emerging topic in computer vision, due to the wide range of applications it can be used for. However, most works on the topic have focused on analyzing the individual, even when applied to interaction scenarios, and for short periods of time. To address these limitations, we present the Dyadformer, a novel multi-modal multi-subject Transformer architecture to model individual and interpersonal features in dyadic interactions using variable time windows, thus allowing the capture of long-term interdependencies. Our proposed cross-subject layer allows the network to explicitly model interactions among subjects through attentional operations. This proof-of-concept approach shows how multi-modality and joint modeling of both interactants for longer periods of time helps to predict individual attributes. With Dyadformer, we improve state-of-the-art self-reported personality inference results on individual subjects on the UDIVA v0.5 dataset. |
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Virtual; October 2021 |
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ICCVW |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ CCS2021 |
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3648 |
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Ricardo Dario Perez Principi; Cristina Palmero; Julio C. S. Jacques Junior; Sergio Escalera |
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On the Effect of Observed Subject Biases in Apparent Personality Analysis from Audio-visual Signals |
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2021 |
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IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing |
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TAC |
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12 |
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3 |
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607-621 |
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Personality perception is implicitly biased due to many subjective factors, such as cultural, social, contextual, gender and appearance. Approaches developed for automatic personality perception are not expected to predict the real personality of the target, but the personality external observers attributed to it. Hence, they have to deal with human bias, inherently transferred to the training data. However, bias analysis in personality computing is an almost unexplored area. In this work, we study different possible sources of bias affecting personality perception, including emotions from facial expressions, attractiveness, age, gender, and ethnicity, as well as their influence on prediction ability for apparent personality estimation. To this end, we propose a multi-modal deep neural network that combines raw audio and visual information alongside predictions of attribute-specific models to regress apparent personality. We also analyse spatio-temporal aggregation schemes and the effect of different time intervals on first impressions. We base our study on the ChaLearn First Impressions dataset, consisting of one-person conversational videos. Our model shows state-of-the-art results regressing apparent personality based on the Big-Five model. Furthermore, given the interpretability nature of our network design, we provide an incremental analysis on the impact of each possible source of bias on final network predictions. |
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1 July-Sept. 2021 |
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HuPBA; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ PPJ2019 |
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3312 |
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Clementine Decamps; Alexis Arnaud; Florent Petitprez; Mira Ayadi; Aurelia Baures; Lucile Armenoult; Sergio Escalera; Isabelle Guyon; Remy Nicolle; Richard Tomasini; Aurelien de Reynies; Jerome Cros; Yuna Blum; Magali Richard |
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DECONbench: a benchmarking platform dedicated to deconvolution methods for tumor heterogeneity quantification |
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2021 |
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BMC Bioinformatics |
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22 |
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473 |
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Quantification of tumor heterogeneity is essential to better understand cancer progression and to adapt therapeutic treatments to patient specificities. Bioinformatic tools to assess the different cell populations from single-omic datasets as bulk transcriptome or methylome samples have been recently developed, including reference-based and reference-free methods. Improved methods using multi-omic datasets are yet to be developed in the future and the community would need systematic tools to perform a comparative evaluation of these algorithms on controlled data. |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ DAP2021 |
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3650 |
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Carola Figueroa Flores; David Berga; Joost Van de Weijer; Bogdan Raducanu |
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Saliency for free: Saliency prediction as a side-effect of object recognition |
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2021 |
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Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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150 |
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1-7 |
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Saliency maps; Unsupervised learning; Object recognition |
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Saliency is the perceptual capacity of our visual system to focus our attention (i.e. gaze) on relevant objects instead of the background. So far, computational methods for saliency estimation required the explicit generation of a saliency map, process which is usually achieved via eyetracking experiments on still images. This is a tedious process that needs to be repeated for each new dataset. In the current paper, we demonstrate that is possible to automatically generate saliency maps without ground-truth. In our approach, saliency maps are learned as a side effect of object recognition. Extensive experiments carried out on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrated that our approach is able to generate accurate saliency maps, achieving competitive results when compared with supervised methods. |
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LAMP; 600.147; 600.120 |
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Admin @ si @ FBW2021 |
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3559 |
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Lei Kang; Pau Riba; Mauricio Villegas; Alicia Fornes; Marçal Rusiñol |
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Candidate Fusion: Integrating Language Modelling into a Sequence-to-Sequence Handwritten Word Recognition Architecture |
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2021 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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112 |
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107790 |
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Sequence-to-sequence models have recently become very popular for tackling
handwritten word recognition problems. However, how to effectively integrate an external language model into such recognizer is still a challenging
problem. The main challenge faced when training a language model is to
deal with the language model corpus which is usually different to the one
used for training the handwritten word recognition system. Thus, the bias
between both word corpora leads to incorrectness on the transcriptions, providing similar or even worse performances on the recognition task. In this
work, we introduce Candidate Fusion, a novel way to integrate an external
language model to a sequence-to-sequence architecture. Moreover, it provides suggestions from an external language knowledge, as a new input to
the sequence-to-sequence recognizer. Hence, Candidate Fusion provides two
improvements. On the one hand, the sequence-to-sequence recognizer has
the flexibility not only to combine the information from itself and the language model, but also to choose the importance of the information provided
by the language model. On the other hand, the external language model
has the ability to adapt itself to the training corpus and even learn the
most commonly errors produced from the recognizer. Finally, by conducting
comprehensive experiments, the Candidate Fusion proves to outperform the
state-of-the-art language models for handwritten word recognition tasks. |
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DAG; 600.140; 601.302; 601.312; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ KRV2021 |
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3343 |
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