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Author |
Muhammad Anwer Rao |
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Title |
Color for Object Detection and Action Recognition |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Recognizing object categories in real world images is a challenging problem in computer vision. The deformable part based framework is currently the most successful approach for object detection. Generally, HOG are used for image representation within the part-based framework. For action recognition, the bag-of-word framework has shown to provide promising results. Within the bag-of-words framework, local image patches are described by SIFT descriptor. Contrary to object detection and action recognition, combining color and shape has shown to provide the best performance for object and scene recognition.
In the first part of this thesis, we analyze the problem of person detection in still images. Standard person detection approaches rely on intensity based features for image representation while ignoring the color. Channel based descriptors is one of the most commonly used approaches in object recognition. This inspires us to evaluate incorporating color information using the channel based fusion approach for the task of person detection.
In the second part of the thesis, we investigate the problem of object detection in still images. Due to high dimensionality, channel based fusion increases the computational cost. Moreover, channel based fusion has been found to obtain inferior results for object category where one of the visual varies significantly. On the other hand, late fusion is known to provide improved results for a wide range of object categories. A consequence of late fusion strategy is the need of a pure color descriptor. Therefore, we propose to use Color attributes as an explicit color representation for object detection. Color attributes are compact and computationally efficient. Consequently color attributes are combined with traditional shape features providing excellent results for object detection task.
Finally, we focus on the problem of action detection and classification in still images. We investigate the potential of color for action classification and detection in still images. We also evaluate different fusion approaches for combining color and shape information for action recognition. Additionally, an analysis is performed to validate the contribution of color for action recognition. Our results clearly demonstrate that combining color and shape information significantly improve the performance of both action classification and detection in still images. |
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Barcelona |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Editor |
Antonio Lopez;Joost Van de Weijer |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Rao2013 |
Serial |
2281 |
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Author |
Javier Marin |
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Title |
Pedestrian Detection Based on Local Experts |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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During the last decade vision-based human detection systems have started to play a key rolein multiple applications linked to driver assistance, surveillance, robot sensing and home automation.
Detecting humans is by far one of the most challenging tasks in Computer Vision.
This is mainly due to the high degree of variability in the human appearanceassociated to
the clothing, pose, shape and size. Besides, other factors such as cluttered scenarios, partial occlusions, or environmental conditions can make the detection task even harder.
Most promising methods of the state-of-the-art rely on discriminative learning paradigms which are fed with positive and negative examples. The training data is one of the most
relevant elements in order to build a robust detector as it has to cope the large variability of the target. In order to create this dataset human supervision is required. The drawback at this point is the arduous effort of annotating as well as looking for such claimed variability.
In this PhD thesis we address two recurrent problems in the literature. In the first stage,we aim to reduce the consuming task of annotating, namely, by using computer graphics.
More concretely, we develop a virtual urban scenario for later generating a pedestrian dataset.
Then, we train a detector using this dataset, and finally we assess if this detector can be successfully applied in a real scenario.
In the second stage, we focus on increasing the robustness of our pedestrian detectors
under partial occlusions. In particular, we present a novel occlusion handling approach to increase the performance of block-based holistic methods under partial occlusions. For this purpose, we make use of local experts via a RandomSubspaceMethod (RSM) to handle these cases. If the method infers a possible partial occlusion, then the RSM, based on performance statistics obtained from partially occluded data, is applied. The last objective of this thesis
is to propose a robust pedestrian detector based on an ensemble of local experts. To achieve this goal, we use the random forest paradigm, where the trees act as ensembles an their nodesare the local experts. In particular, each expert focus on performing a robust classification ofa pedestrian body patch. This approach offers computational efficiency and far less design complexity when compared to other state-of-the-artmethods, while reaching better accuracy |
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Barcelona |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Editor |
Antonio Lopez;Jaume Amores |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Mar2013 |
Serial |
2280 |
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Author |
Wenjuan Gong |
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Title |
3D Motion Data aided Human Action Recognition and Pose Estimation |
Type |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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In this work, we explore human action recognition and pose estimation prob-
lems. Different from traditional works of learning from 2D images or video
sequences and their annotated output, we seek to solve the problems with ad-
ditional 3D motion capture information, which helps to fill the gap between 2D
image features and human interpretations.
We first compare two different schools of approaches commonly used for 3D
pose estimation from 2D pose configuration: modeling and learning methods.
By looking into experiments results and considering our problems, we fixed a
learning method as the following approaches to do pose estimation. We then
establish a framework by adding a module of detecting 2D pose configuration
from images with varied background, which widely extend the application of
the approach. We also seek to directly estimate 3D poses from image features,
instead of estimating 2D poses as a intermediate module. We explore a robust
input feature, which combined with the proposed distance measure, provides
a solution for noisy or corrupted inputs. We further utilize the above method
to estimate weak poses,which is a concise representation of the original poses
by using dimension deduction technologies, from image features. Weak pose
space is where we calculate vocabulary and label action types using a bog of
words pipeline. Temporal information of an action is taken into consideration by
considering several consecutive frames as a single unit for computing vocabulary
and histogram assignments. |
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Address |
Barcelona |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Editor |
Jordi Gonzalez;Xavier Roca |
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ISE |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Gon2013 |
Serial |
2279 |
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Author |
Murad Al Haj |
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Title |
Looking at Faces: Detection, Tracking and Pose Estimation |
Type |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Humans can effortlessly perceive faces, follow them over space and time, and decode their rich content, such as pose, identity and expression. However, despite many decades of research on automatic facial perception in areas like face detection, expression recognition, pose estimation and face recognition, and despite many successes, a complete solution remains elusive. This thesis is dedicated to three problems in automatic face perception, namely face detection, face tracking and pose estimation.
In face detection, an initial simple model is presented that uses pixel-based heuristics to segment skin locations and hand-crafted rules to determine the locations of the faces present in an image. Different colorspaces are studied to judge whether a colorspace transformation can aid skin color detection. The output of this study is used in the design of a more complex face detector that is able to successfully generalize to different scenarios.
In face tracking, a framework that combines estimation and control in a joint scheme is presented to track a face with a single pan-tilt-zoom camera. While this work is mainly motivated by tracking faces, it can be easily applied atop of any detector to track different objects. The applicability of this method is demonstrated on simulated as well as real-life scenarios.
The last and most important part of this thesis is dedicate to monocular head pose estimation. In this part, a method based on partial least squares (PLS) regression is proposed to estimate pose and solve the alignment problem simultaneously. The contributions of this work are two-fold: 1) demonstrating that the proposed method achieves better than state-of-the-art results on the estimation problem and 2) developing a technique to reduce misalignment based on the learned PLS factors that outperform multiple instance learning (MIL) without the need for any re-training or the inclusion of misaligned samples in the training process, as normally done in MIL. |
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Address |
Barcelona |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Editor |
Jordi Gonzalez;Xavier Roca |
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ISE |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Haj2013 |
Serial |
2278 |
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Author |
Albert Gordo |
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Title |
Document Image Representation, Classification and Retrieval in Large-Scale Domains |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Despite the “paperless office” ideal that started in the decade of the seventies, businesses still strive against an increasing amount of paper documentation. Companies still receive huge amounts of paper documentation that need to be analyzed and processed, mostly in a manual way. A solution for this task consists in, first, automatically scanning the incoming documents. Then, document images can be analyzed and information can be extracted from the data. Documents can also be automatically dispatched to the appropriate workflows, used to retrieve similar documents in the dataset to transfer information, etc.
Due to the nature of this “digital mailroom”, we need document representation methods to be general, i.e., able to cope with very different types of documents. We need the methods to be sound, i.e., able to cope with unexpected types of documents, noise, etc. And, we need to methods to be scalable, i.e., able to cope with thousands or millions of documents that need to be processed, stored, and consulted. Unfortunately, current techniques of document representation, classification and retrieval are not apt for this digital mailroom framework, since they do not fulfill some or all of these requirements.
Through this thesis we focus on the problem of document representation aimed at classification and retrieval tasks under this digital mailroom framework. We first propose a novel document representation based on runlength histograms, and extend it to cope with more complex documents such as multiple-page documents, or documents that contain more sources of information such as extracted OCR text. Then we focus on the scalability requirements and propose a novel binarization method which we dubbed PCAE, as well as two general asymmetric distances between binary embeddings that can significantly improve the retrieval results at a minimal extra computational cost. Finally, we note the importance of supervised learning when performing large-scale retrieval, and study several approaches that can significantly boost the results at no extra cost at query time. |
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Barcelona |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Editor |
Ernest Valveny;Florent Perronnin |
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DAG |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Gor2013 |
Serial |
2277 |
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Author |
David Vazquez |
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Title |
Domain Adaptation of Virtual and Real Worlds for Pedestrian Detection |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat de Barcelona-CVC |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-105 |
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Keywords |
Pedestrian Detection; Domain Adaptation |
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Pedestrian detection is of paramount interest for many applications, e.g. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, Intelligent Video Surveillance and Multimedia systems. Most promising pedestrian detectors rely on appearance-based classifiers trained with annotated data. However, the required annotation step represents an intensive and subjective task for humans, what makes worth to minimize their intervention in this process by using computational tools like realistic virtual worlds. The reason to use these kind of tools relies in the fact that they allow the automatic generation of precise and rich annotations of visual information. Nevertheless, the use of this kind of data comes with the following question: can a pedestrian appearance model learnt with virtual-world data work successfully for pedestrian detection in real-world scenarios?. To answer this question, we conduct different experiments that suggest a positive answer. However, the pedestrian classifiers trained with virtual-world data can suffer the so called dataset shift problem as real-world based classifiers does. Accordingly, we have designed different domain adaptation techniques to face this problem, all of them integrated in a same framework (V-AYLA). We have explored different methods to train a domain adapted pedestrian classifiers by collecting a few pedestrian samples from the target domain (real world) and combining them with many samples of the source domain (virtual world). The extensive experiments we present show that pedestrian detectors developed within the V-AYLA framework do achieve domain adaptation. Ideally, we would like to adapt our system without any human intervention. Therefore, as a first proof of concept we also propose an unsupervised domain adaptation technique that avoids human intervention during the adaptation process. To the best of our knowledge, this Thesis work is the first demonstrating adaptation of virtual and real worlds for developing an object detector. Last but not least, we also assessed a different strategy to avoid the dataset shift that consists in collecting real-world samples and retrain with them in such a way that no bounding boxes of real-world pedestrians have to be provided. We show that the generated classifier is competitive with respect to the counterpart trained with samples collected by manually annotating pedestrian bounding boxes. The results presented on this Thesis not only end with a proposal for adapting a virtual-world pedestrian detector to the real world, but also it goes further by pointing out a new methodology that would allow the system to adapt to different situations, which we hope will provide the foundations for future research in this unexplored area. |
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Address |
Barcelona |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Ediciones Graficas Rey |
Place of Publication |
Barcelona |
Editor |
Antonio Lopez;Daniel Ponsa |
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English |
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978-84-940530-1-6 |
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adas |
Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
ADAS @ adas @ Vaz2013 |
Serial |
2276 |
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Author |
Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman; Jean-Yves Ramel; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Multilevel Analysis of Attributed Graphs for Explicit Graph Embedding in Vector Spaces |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Graph Embedding for Pattern Analysis |
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1-26 |
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Ability to recognize patterns is among the most crucial capabilities of human beings for their survival, which enables them to employ their sophisticated neural and cognitive systems [1], for processing complex audio, visual, smell, touch, and taste signals. Man is the most complex and the best existing system of pattern recognition. Without any explicit thinking, we continuously compare, classify, and identify huge amount of signal data everyday [2], starting from the time we get up in the morning till the last second we fall asleep. This includes recognizing the face of a friend in a crowd, a spoken word embedded in noise, the proper key to lock the door, smell of coffee, the voice of a favorite singer, the recognition of alphabetic characters, and millions of more tasks that we perform on regular basis. |
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Springer New York |
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978-1-4614-4456-5 |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ LRL2013b |
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2271 |
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Author |
Isabel Guitart; Jordi Conesa; Luis Villarejo; Agata Lapedriza; David Masip; Antoni Perez; Elena Planas |
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Title |
Opinion Mining on Educational Resources at the Open University of Catalonia |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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3rd International Workshop on Adaptive Learning via Interactive, Collaborative and Emotional approaches. In conjunction with CISIS 2013: The 7th International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems |
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385 - 390 |
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In order to make improvements to teaching, it is vital to know what students think of the way they are taught. With that purpose in mind, exhaustively analyzing the forums associated with the subjects taught at the Universitat Oberta de Cataluya (UOC) would be extremely helpful, as the university's students often post comments on their learning experiences in them. Exploiting the content of such forums is not a simple undertaking. The volume of data involved is very large, and performing the task manually would require a great deal of effort from lecturers. As a first step to solve this problem, we propose a tool to automatically analyze the posts in forums of communities of UOC students and teachers, with a view to systematically mining the opinions they contain. This article defines the architecture of such tool and explains how lexical-semantic and language technology resources can be used to that end. For pilot testing purposes, the tool has been used to identify students' opinions on the UOC's Business Intelligence master's degree course during the last two years. The paper discusses the results of such test. The contribution of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it demonstrates the feasibility of using natural language parsing techniques to help teachers to make decisions. Secondly, it introduces a simple tool that can be refined and adapted to a virtual environment for the purpose in question. |
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978-0-7695-4992-7 |
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ALICE |
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OR;MV |
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no |
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Call Number |
GCV2013 |
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2268 |
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Author |
Jose Manuel Alvarez; Theo Gevers; Ferran Diego; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Road Geometry Classification by Adaptative Shape Models |
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2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
TITS |
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14 |
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1 |
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459-468 |
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road detection |
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Vision-based road detection is important for different applications in transportation, such as autonomous driving, vehicle collision warning, and pedestrian crossing detection. Common approaches to road detection are based on low-level road appearance (e.g., color or texture) and neglect of the scene geometry and context. Hence, using only low-level features makes these algorithms highly depend on structured roads, road homogeneity, and lighting conditions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to classify road geometries for road detection through the analysis of scene composition and temporal coherence. Road geometry classification is proposed by building corresponding models from training images containing prototypical road geometries. We propose adaptive shape models where spatial pyramids are steered by the inherent spatial structure of road images. To reduce the influence of lighting variations, invariant features are used. Large-scale experiments show that the proposed road geometry classifier yields a high recognition rate of 73.57% ± 13.1, clearly outperforming other state-of-the-art methods. Including road shape information improves road detection results over existing appearance-based methods. Finally, it is shown that invariant features and temporal information provide robustness against disturbing imaging conditions. |
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1524-9050 |
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ADAS;ISE |
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Admin @ si @ AGD2013;; ADAS @ adas @ |
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2269 |
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Author |
Shida Beigpour |
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Title |
Illumination and object reflectance modeling |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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More realistic and accurate models of the scene illumination and object reflectance can greatly improve the quality of many computer vision and computer graphics tasks. Using such model, a more profound knowledge about the interaction of light with object surfaces can be established which proves crucial to a variety of computer vision applications. In the current work, we investigate the various existing approaches to illumination and reflectance modeling and form an analysis on their shortcomings in capturing the complexity of real-world scenes. Based on this analysis we propose improvements to different aspects of reflectance and illumination estimation in order to more realistically model the real-world scenes in the presence of complex lighting phenomena (i.e, multiple illuminants, interreflections and shadows). Moreover, we captured our own multi-illuminant dataset which consists of complex scenes and illumination conditions both outdoor and in laboratory conditions. In addition we investigate the use of synthetic data to facilitate the construction of datasets and improve the process of obtaining ground-truth information. |
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Barcelona |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Editor |
Joost Van de Weijer;Ernest Valveny |
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CIC |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Bei2013 |
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2267 |
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Author |
Abel Gonzalez-Garcia; Robert Benavente; Olivier Penacchio; Javier Vazquez; Maria Vanrell; C. Alejandro Parraga |
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Title |
Coloresia: An Interactive Colour Perception Device for the Visually Impaired |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Multimodal Interaction in Image and Video Applications |
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48 |
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47-66 |
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Abstract |
A significative percentage of the human population suffer from impairments in their capacity to distinguish or even see colours. For them, everyday tasks like navigating through a train or metro network map becomes demanding. We present a novel technique for extracting colour information from everyday natural stimuli and presenting it to visually impaired users as pleasant, non-invasive sound. This technique was implemented inside a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) portable device. In this implementation, colour information is extracted from the input image and categorised according to how human observers segment the colour space. This information is subsequently converted into sound and sent to the user via speakers or headphones. In the original implementation, it is possible for the user to send its feedback to reconfigure the system, however several features such as these were not implemented because the current technology is limited.We are confident that the full implementation will be possible in the near future as PDA technology improves. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1868-4394 |
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978-3-642-35931-6 |
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Notes |
CIC; 600.052; 605.203 |
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Admin @ si @ GBP2013 |
Serial |
2266 |
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Author |
Rahat Khan; Joost Van de Weijer; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Damien Muselet |
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Title |
Towards multispectral data acquisition with hand-held devices |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing |
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Pages |
2053 - 2057 |
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Keywords |
Multispectral; mobile devices; color measurements |
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Abstract |
We propose a method to acquire multispectral data with handheld devices with front-mounted RGB cameras. We propose to use the display of the device as an illuminant while the camera captures images illuminated by the red, green and
blue primaries of the display. Three illuminants and three response functions of the camera lead to nine response values which are used for reflectance estimation. Results are promising and show that the accuracy of the spectral reconstruction improves in the range from 30-40% over the spectral
reconstruction based on a single illuminant. Furthermore, we propose to compute sensor-illuminant aware linear basis by discarding the part of the reflectances that falls in the sensorilluminant null-space. We show experimentally that optimizing reflectance estimation on these new basis functions decreases
the RMSE significantly over basis functions that are independent to sensor-illuminant. We conclude that, multispectral data acquisition is potentially possible with consumer hand-held devices such as tablets, mobiles, and laptops, opening up applications which are currently considered to be unrealistic. |
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Melbourne; Australia; September 2013 |
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CIC; DAG; 600.048 |
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Admin @ si @ KWK2013b |
Serial |
2265 |
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Author |
Shida Beigpour; Marc Serra; Joost Van de Weijer; Robert Benavente; Maria Vanrell; Olivier Penacchio; Dimitris Samaras |
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Title |
Intrinsic Image Evaluation On Synthetic Complex Scenes |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing |
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285 - 289 |
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Scene decomposition into its illuminant, shading, and reflectance intrinsic images is an essential step for scene understanding. Collecting intrinsic image groundtruth data is a laborious task. The assumptions on which the ground-truth
procedures are based limit their application to simple scenes with a single object taken in the absence of indirect lighting and interreflections. We investigate synthetic data for intrinsic image research since the extraction of ground truth is straightforward, and it allows for scenes in more realistic situations (e.g, multiple illuminants and interreflections). With this dataset we aim to motivate researchers to further explore intrinsic image decomposition in complex scenes. |
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Melbourne; Australia; September 2013 |
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Notes |
CIC; 600.048; 600.052; 600.051 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ BSW2013 |
Serial |
2264 |
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Author |
Rahat Khan; Joost Van de Weijer; Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Damien Muselet; christophe Ducottet; Cecile Barat |
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Title |
Discriminative Color Descriptors |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
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2866 - 2873 |
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Color description is a challenging task because of large variations in RGB values which occur due to scene accidental events, such as shadows, shading, specularities, illuminant color changes, and changes in viewing geometry. Traditionally, this challenge has been addressed by capturing the variations in physics-based models, and deriving invariants for the undesired variations. The drawback of this approach is that sets of distinguishable colors in the original color space are mapped to the same value in the photometric invariant space. This results in a drop of discriminative power of the color description. In this paper we take an information theoretic approach to color description. We cluster color values together based on their discriminative power in a classification problem. The clustering has the explicit objective to minimize the drop of mutual information of the final representation. We show that such a color description automatically learns a certain degree of photometric invariance. We also show that a universal color representation, which is based on other data sets than the one at hand, can obtain competing performance. Experiments show that the proposed descriptor outperforms existing photometric invariants. Furthermore, we show that combined with shape description these color descriptors obtain excellent results on four challenging datasets, namely, PASCAL VOC 2007, Flowers-102, Stanford dogs-120 and Birds-200. |
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Portland; Oregon; June 2013 |
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1063-6919 |
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CVPR |
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Notes |
CIC; 600.048 |
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Admin @ si @ KWK2013a |
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2262 |
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Author |
Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Joost Van de Weijer; Sadiq Ali; Michael Felsberg |
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Title |
Evaluating the impact of color on texture recognition |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
15th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns |
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Volume |
8047 |
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154-162 |
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Color; Texture; image representation |
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State-of-the-art texture descriptors typically operate on grey scale images while ignoring color information. A common way to obtain a joint color-texture representation is to combine the two visual cues at the pixel level. However, such an approach provides sub-optimal results for texture categorisation task.
In this paper we investigate how to optimally exploit color information for texture recognition. We evaluate a variety of color descriptors, popular in image classification, for texture categorisation. In addition we analyze different fusion approaches to combine color and texture cues. Experiments are conducted on the challenging scenes and 10 class texture datasets. Our experiments clearly suggest that in all cases color names provide the best performance. Late fusion is the best strategy to combine color and texture. By selecting the best color descriptor with optimal fusion strategy provides a gain of 5% to 8% compared to texture alone on scenes and texture datasets. |
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Address |
York; UK; August 2013 |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-642-40260-9 |
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CAIP |
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CIC; 600.048 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ KWA2013 |
Serial |
2263 |
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