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Author Olivier Penacchio; Xavier Otazu; Laura Dempere-Marco edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title A Neurodynamical Model of Brightness Induction in V1 Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication PloS ONE Abbreviated Journal (down) Plos  
  Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages e64086  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Brightness induction is the modulation of the perceived intensity of an area by the luminance of surrounding areas. Recent neurophysiological evidence suggests that brightness information might be explicitly represented in V1, in contrast to the more common assumption that the striate cortex is an area mostly responsive to sensory information. Here we investigate possible neural mechanisms that offer a plausible explanation for such phenomenon. To this end, a neurodynamical model which is based on neurophysiological evidence and focuses on the part of V1 responsible for contextual influences is presented. The proposed computational model successfully accounts for well known psychophysical effects for static contexts and also for brightness induction in dynamic contexts defined by modulating the luminance of surrounding areas. This work suggests that intra-cortical interactions in V1 could, at least partially, explain brightness induction effects and reveals how a common general architecture may account for several different fundamental processes, such as visual saliency and brightness induction, which emerge early in the visual processing pathway.  
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  Notes CIC Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ POD2013 Serial 2242  
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Author David Masip; Michael S. North ; Alexander Todorov; Daniel N. Osherson edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Automated Prediction of Preferences Using Facial Expressions Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication PloS one Abbreviated Journal (down) Plos  
  Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages e87434  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We introduce a computer vision problem from social cognition, namely, the automated detection of attitudes from a person's spontaneous facial expressions. To illustrate the challenges, we introduce two simple algorithms designed to predict observers’ preferences between images (e.g., of celebrities) based on covert videos of the observers’ faces. The two algorithms are almost as accurate as human judges performing the same task but nonetheless far from perfect. Our approach is to locate facial landmarks, then predict preference on the basis of their temporal dynamics. The database contains 768 videos involving four different kinds of preferences. We make it publically available.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes OR;MV Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MNT2014 Serial 2453  
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Author C. Alejandro Parraga; Arash Akbarinia edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title NICE: A Computational Solution to Close the Gap from Colour Perception to Colour Categorization Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication PLoS One Abbreviated Journal (down) Plos  
  Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages e0149538  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The segmentation of visible electromagnetic radiation into chromatic categories by the human visual system has been extensively studied from a perceptual point of view, resulting in several colour appearance models. However, there is currently a void when it comes to relate these results to the physiological mechanisms that are known to shape the pre-cortical and cortical visual pathway. This work intends to begin to fill this void by proposing a new physiologically plausible model of colour categorization based on Neural Isoresponsive Colour Ellipsoids (NICE) in the cone-contrast space defined by the main directions of the visual signals entering the visual cortex. The model was adjusted to fit psychophysical measures that concentrate on the categorical boundaries and are consistent with the ellipsoidal isoresponse surfaces of visual cortical neurons. By revealing the shape of such categorical colour regions, our measures allow for a more precise and parsimonious description, connecting well-known early visual processing mechanisms to the less understood phenomenon of colour categorization. To test the feasibility of our method we applied it to exemplary images and a popular ground-truth chart obtaining labelling results that are better than those of current state-of-the-art algorithms.  
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  Notes NEUROBIT; 600.068 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PaA2016a Serial 2747  
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Author Debora Gil; Carles Sanchez; Agnes Borras; Marta Diez-Ferrer; Antoni Rosell edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Segmentation of Distal Airways using Structural Analysis Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication PloS one Abbreviated Journal (down) Plos  
  Volume 14 Issue 12 Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Segmentation of airways in Computed Tomography (CT) scans is a must for accurate support of diagnosis and intervention of many pulmonary disorders. In particular, lung cancer diagnosis would benefit from segmentations reaching most distal airways. We present a method that combines descriptors of bronchi local appearance and graph global structural analysis to fine-tune thresholds on the descriptors adapted for each bronchial level. We have compared our method to the top performers of the EXACT09 challenge and to a commercial software for biopsy planning evaluated in an own-collected data-base of high resolution CT scans acquired under different breathing conditions. Results on EXACT09 data show that our method provides a high leakage reduction with minimum loss in airway detection. Results on our data-base show the reliability across varying breathing conditions and a competitive performance for biopsy planning compared to a commercial solution.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes IAM; 600.139; 600.145 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GSB2019 Serial 3357  
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Author Penny Tarling; Mauricio Cantor; Albert Clapes; Sergio Escalera edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Deep learning with self-supervision and uncertainty regularization to count fish in underwater images Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication PloS One Abbreviated Journal (down) Plos  
  Volume 17 Issue 5 Pages e0267759  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Effective conservation actions require effective population monitoring. However, accurately counting animals in the wild to inform conservation decision-making is difficult. Monitoring populations through image sampling has made data collection cheaper, wide-reaching and less intrusive but created a need to process and analyse this data efficiently. Counting animals from such data is challenging, particularly when densely packed in noisy images. Attempting this manually is slow and expensive, while traditional computer vision methods are limited in their generalisability. Deep learning is the state-of-the-art method for many computer vision tasks, but it has yet to be properly explored to count animals. To this end, we employ deep learning, with a density-based regression approach, to count fish in low-resolution sonar images. We introduce a large dataset of sonar videos, deployed to record wild Lebranche mullet schools (Mugil liza), with a subset of 500 labelled images. We utilise abundant unlabelled data in a self-supervised task to improve the supervised counting task. For the first time in this context, by introducing uncertainty quantification, we improve model training and provide an accompanying measure of prediction uncertainty for more informed biological decision-making. Finally, we demonstrate the generalisability of our proposed counting framework through testing it on a recent benchmark dataset of high-resolution annotated underwater images from varying habitats (DeepFish). From experiments on both contrasting datasets, we demonstrate our network outperforms the few other deep learning models implemented for solving this task. By providing an open-source framework along with training data, our study puts forth an efficient deep learning template for crowd counting aquatic animals thereby contributing effective methods to assess natural populations from the ever-increasing visual data.  
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  Publisher Public Library of Science Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
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  Notes HuPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ TCC2022 Serial 3743  
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Author Javier Vazquez; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell edit  openurl
  Title Ordinal pairwise method for natural images comparison Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Perception Abbreviated Journal (down) PER  
  Volume 38 Issue Pages 180  
  Keywords  
  Abstract 38(Suppl.)ECVP Abstract Supplement
We developed a new psychophysical method to compare different colour appearance models when applied to natural scenes. The method was as follows: two images (processed by different algorithms) were displayed on a CRT monitor and observers were asked to select the most natural of them. The original images were gathered by means of a calibrated trichromatic digital camera and presented one on top of the other on a calibrated screen. The selection was made by pressing on a 6-button IR box, which allowed observers to consider not only the most natural but to rate their selection. The rating system allowed observers to register how much more natural was their chosen image (eg, much more, definitely more, slightly more), which gave us valuable extra information on the selection process. The results were analysed considering both the selection as a binary choice (using Thurstone's law of comparative judgement) and using Bradley-Terry method for ordinal comparison. Our results show a significant difference in the rating scales obtained. Although this method has been used in colour constancy algorithm comparisons, its uses are much wider, eg to compare algorithms of image compression, rendering, recolouring, etc.
 
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  Notes CIC Approved no  
  Call Number CAT @ cat @ VPV2009b Serial 1191  
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Author Robert Benavente; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell edit  openurl
  Title Colour categories boundaries are better defined in contextual conditions Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Perception Abbreviated Journal (down) PER  
  Volume 38 Issue Pages 36  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In a previous experiment [Parraga et al, 2009 Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 53(3)] the boundaries between basic colour categories were measured by asking subjects to categorize colour samples presented in isolation (ie on a dark background) using a YES/NO paradigm. Results showed that some boundaries (eg green – blue) were very diffuse and the subjects' answers presented bimodal distributions, which were attributed to the emergence of non-basic categories in those regions (eg turquoise). To confirm these results we performed a new experiment focussed on the boundaries where bimodal distributions were more evident. In this new experiment rectangular colour samples were presented surrounded by random colour patches to simulate contextual conditions on a calibrated CRT monitor. The names of two neighbouring colours were shown at the bottom of the screen and subjects selected the boundary between these colours by controlling the chromaticity of the central patch, sliding it across these categories' frontier. Results show that in this new experimental paradigm, the formerly uncertain inter-colour category boundaries are better defined and the dispersions (ie the bimodal distributions) that occurred in the previous experiment disappear. These results may provide further support to Berlin and Kay's basic colour terms theory.  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes CIC Approved no  
  Call Number CAT @ cat @ BPV2009 Serial 1192  
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Author C. Alejandro Parraga; Javier Vazquez; Maria Vanrell edit  openurl
  Title A new cone activation-based natural images dataset Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Perception Abbreviated Journal (down) PER  
  Volume 36 Issue Pages 180  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We generated a new dataset of digital natural images where each colour plane corresponds to the human LMS (long-, medium-, short-wavelength) cone activations. The images were chosen to represent five different visual environments (eg forest, seaside, mountain snow, urban, motorways) and were taken under natural illumination at different times of day. At the bottom-left corner of each picture there was a matte grey ball of approximately constant spectral reflectance (across the camera's response spectrum,) and nearly Lambertian reflective properties, which allows to compute (and remove, if necessary) the illuminant's colour and intensity. The camera (Sigma Foveon SD10) was calibrated by measuring its sensor's spectral responses using a set of 31 spectrally narrowband interference filters. This allowed conversion of the final camera-dependent RGB colour space into the Smith and Pokorny (1975) cone activation space by means of a polynomial transformation, optimised for a set of 1269 Munsell chip reflectances. This new method is an improvement over the usual 3 × 3 matrix transformation which is only accurate for spectrally-narrowband colours. The camera-to-LMS transformation can be recalculated to consider other non-human visual systems. The dataset is available to download from our website.  
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  Notes CIC Approved no  
  Call Number CAT @ cat @ PVV2009 Serial 1193  
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Author C. Alejandro Parraga; Robert Benavente; Maria Vanrell edit  openurl
  Title Towards a general model of colour categorization which considers context Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Perception. ECVP Abstract Supplement Abbreviated Journal (down) PER  
  Volume 39 Issue Pages 86  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In two previous experiments [Parraga et al, 2009 J. of Im. Sci. and Tech 53(3) 031106; Benavente et al,2009 Perception 38 ECVP Supplement, 36] the boundaries of basic colour categories were measured.
In the first experiment, samples were presented in isolation (ie on a dark background) and boundaries were measured using a yes/no paradigm. In the second, subjects adjusted the chromaticity of a sample presented on a random Mondrian background to find the boundary between pairs of adjacent colours.
Results from these experiments showed significant di erences but it was not possible to conclude whether this discrepancy was due to the absence/presence of a colourful background or to the di erences in the paradigms used. In this work, we settle this question by repeating the first experiment (ie samples presented on a dark background) using the second paradigm. A comparison of results shows that
although boundary locations are very similar, boundaries measured in context are significantly di erent(more di use) than those measured in isolation (confirmed by a Student’s t-test analysis on the subject’s answers statistical distributions). In addition, we completed the mapping of colour name space by measuring the boundaries between chromatic colours and the achromatic centre. With these results we
completed our parametric fuzzy-sets model of colour naming space.
 
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes CIC Approved no  
  Call Number CAT @ cat @ PBV2010b Serial 1326  
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Author Olivier Penacchio; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell edit  openurl
  Title Natural Scene Statistics account for Human Cones Ratios Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Perception. ECVP Abstract Supplement Abbreviated Journal (down) PER  
  Volume 39 Issue Pages 101  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In two previous experiments [Parraga et al, 2009 J. of Im. Sci. and Tech 53(3) 031106; Benavente et al,2009 Perception 38 ECVP Supplement, 36] the boundaries of basic colour categories were measured.
In the first experiment, samples were presented in isolation (ie on a dark background) and boundaries were measured using a yes/no paradigm. In the second, subjects adjusted the chromaticity of a sample presented on a random Mondrian background to find the boundary between pairs of adjacent colours.
Results from these experiments showed significant di erences but it was not possible to conclude whether this discrepancy was due to the absence/presence of a colourful background or to the di erences in the paradigms used. In this work, we settle this question by repeating the first experiment (ie samples presented on a dark background) using the second paradigm. A comparison of results shows that
although boundary locations are very similar, boundaries measured in context are significantly di erent(more di use) than those measured in isolation (confirmed by a Student’s t-test analysis on the subject’s answers statistical distributions). In addition, we completed the mapping of colour name space by measuring the boundaries between chromatic colours and the achromatic centre. With these results we completed our parametric fuzzy-sets model of colour naming space.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes CIC Approved no  
  Call Number CAT @ cat @ PPV2010 Serial 1357  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Olivier Penacchio; C. Alejandro Parraga edit  url
openurl 
  Title What is the best criterion for an efficient design of retinal photoreceptor mosaics? Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Perception Abbreviated Journal (down) PER  
  Volume 40 Issue Pages 197  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The proportions of L, M and S photoreceptors in the primate retina are arguably determined by evolutionary pressure and the statistics of the visual environment. Two information theory-based approaches have been recently proposed for explaining the asymmetrical spatial densities of photoreceptors in humans. In the first approach Garrigan et al (2010 PLoS ONE 6 e1000677), a model for computing the information transmitted by cone arrays which considers the differential blurring produced by the long-wavelength accommodation of the eye’s lens is proposed. Their results explain the sparsity of S-cones but the optimum depends weakly on the L:M cone ratio. In the second approach (Penacchio et al, 2010 Perception 39 ECVP Supplement, 101), we show that human cone arrays make the visual representation scale-invariant, allowing the total entropy of the signal to be preserved while decreasing individual neurons’ entropy in further retinotopic representations. This criterion provides a thorough description of the distribution of L:M cone ratios and does not depend on differential blurring of the signal by the lens. Here, we investigate the similarities and differences of both approaches when applied to the same database. Our results support a 2-criteria optimization in the space of cone ratios whose components are arguably important and mostly unrelated.
[This work was partially funded by projects TIN2010-21771-C02-1 and Consolider-Ingenio 2010-CSD2007-00018 from the Spanish MICINN. CAP was funded by grant RYC-2007-00484]
 
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes CIC Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PeP2011a Serial 1719  
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Author C. Alejandro Parraga; Olivier Penacchio; Maria Vanrell edit  openurl
  Title Retinal Filtering Matches Natural Image Statistics at Low Luminance Levels Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Perception Abbreviated Journal (down) PER  
  Volume 40 Issue Pages 96  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The assumption that the retina’s main objective is to provide a minimum entropy representation to higher visual areas (ie efficient coding principle) allows to predict retinal filtering in space–time and colour (Atick, 1992 Network 3 213–251). This is achieved by considering the power spectra of natural images (which is proportional to 1/f2) and the suppression of retinal and image noise. However, most studies consider images within a limited range of lighting conditions (eg near noon) whereas the visual system’s spatial filtering depends on light intensity and the spatiochromatic properties of natural scenes depend of the time of the day. Here, we explore whether the dependence of visual spatial filtering on luminance match the changes in power spectrum of natural scenes at different times of the day. Using human cone-activation based naturalistic stimuli (from the Barcelona Calibrated Images Database), we show that for a range of luminance levels, the shape of the retinal CSF reflects the slope of the power spectrum at low spatial frequencies. Accordingly, the retina implements the filtering which best decorrelates the input signal at every luminance level. This result is in line with the body of work that places efficient coding as a guiding neural principle.  
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  Notes CIC Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PPV2011 Serial 1720  
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Author Xavier Otazu edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Perceptual tone-mapping operator based on multiresolution contrast decomposition Type Abstract
  Year 2012 Publication Perception Abbreviated Journal (down) PER  
  Volume 41 Issue Pages 86  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Tone-mapping operators (TMO) are used to display high dynamic range(HDR) images in low dynamic range (LDR) displays. Many computational and biologically inspired approaches have been used in the literature, being many of them based on multiresolution decompositions. In this work, a simple two stage model for TMO is presented. The first stage is a novel multiresolution contrast decomposition, which is inspired in a pyramidal contrast decomposition (Peli, 1990 Journal of the Optical Society of America7(10), 2032-2040).
This novel multiresolution decomposition represents the Michelson contrast of the image at different spatial scales. This multiresolution contrast representation, applied on the intensity channel of an opponent colour decomposition, is processed by a non-linear saturating model of V1 neurons (Albrecht et al, 2002 Journal ofNeurophysiology 88(2) 888-913). This saturation model depends on the visual frequency, and it has been modified in order to include information from the extended Contrast Sensitivity Function (e-CSF) (Otazu et al, 2010 Journal ofVision10(12) 5).
A set of HDR images in Radiance RGBE format (from CIS HDR Photographic Survey and Greg Ward database) have been used to test the model, obtaining a set of LDR images. The resulting LDR images do not show the usual halo or color modification artifacts.
 
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0301-0066 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes CIC Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Ota2012 Serial 2179  
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Author Olivier Penacchio; Laura Dempere-Marco; Xavier Otazu edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Switching off brightness induction through induction-reversed images Type Abstract
  Year 2012 Publication Perception Abbreviated Journal (down) PER  
  Volume 41 Issue Pages 208  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Brightness induction is the modulation of the perceived intensity of an
area by the luminance of surrounding areas. Although V1 is traditionally regarded as
an area mostly responsive to retinal information, neurophysiological evidence
suggests that it may explicitly represent brightness information. In this work, we
investigate possible neural mechanisms underlying brightness induction. To this end,
we consider the model by Z Li (1999 Computation and Neural Systems10187-212)
which is constrained by neurophysiological data and focuses on the part of V1
responsible for contextual influences. This model, which has proven to account for
phenomena such as contour detection and preattentive segmentation, shares with
brightness induction the relevant effect of contextual influences. Importantly, the
input to our network model derives from a complete multiscale and multiorientation
wavelet decomposition, which makes it possible to recover an image reflecting the
perceived luminance and successfully accounts for well known psychophysical
effects for both static and dynamic contexts. By further considering inverse problem
techniques we define induction-reversed images: given a target image, we build an
image whose perceived luminance matches the actual luminance of the original
stimulus, thus effectively canceling out brightness induction effects. We suggest that
induction-reversed images may help remove undesired perceptual effects and can
find potential applications in fields such as radiological image interpretation
 
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes CIC Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PDO2012a Serial 2180  
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Author Jordi Roca; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Predicting categorical colour perception in successive colour constancy Type Abstract
  Year 2012 Publication Perception Abbreviated Journal (down) PER  
  Volume 41 Issue Pages 138  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Colour constancy is a perceptual mechanism that seeks to keep the colour of objects relatively stable under an illumination shift. Experiments haveshown that its effects depend on the number of colours present in the scene. We
studied categorical colour changes under different adaptation states, in particular, whether the colour categories seen under a chromatically neutral illuminant are the same after a shift in the chromaticity of the illumination. To do this, we developed the chromatic setting paradigm (2011 Journal of Vision11 349), which is as an extension of achromatic setting to colour categories. The paradigm exploits the ability of subjects to reliably reproduce the most representative examples of each category, adjusting multiple test patches embedded in a coloured Mondrian. Our experiments were run on a CRT monitor (inside a dark room) under various simulated illuminants and restricting the number of colours of the Mondrian background to three, thus weakening the adaptation effect. Our results show a change in the colour categories present before (under neutral illumination) and after adaptation (under coloured illuminants) with a tendency for adapted colours to be less saturated than before adaptation. This behaviour was predicted by a simple
affine matrix model, adjusted to the chromatic setting results.
 
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0301-0066 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes CIC Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RPV2012 Serial 2188  
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