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Lu Yu; Lichao Zhang; Joost Van de Weijer; Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Yongmei Cheng; C. Alejandro Parraga |
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Title |
Beyond Eleven Color Names for Image Understanding |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Machine Vision and Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
MVAP |
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Volume |
29 |
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2 |
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361-373 |
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Color name; Discriminative descriptors; Image classification; Re-identification; Tracking |
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Color description is one of the fundamental problems of image understanding. One of the popular ways to represent colors is by means of color names. Most existing work on color names focuses on only the eleven basic color terms of the English language. This could be limiting the discriminative power of these representations, and representations based on more color names are expected to perform better. However, there exists no clear strategy to choose additional color names. We collect a dataset of 28 additional color names. To ensure that the resulting color representation has high discriminative power we propose a method to order the additional color names according to their complementary nature with the basic color names. This allows us to compute color name representations with high discriminative power of arbitrary length. In the experiments we show that these new color name descriptors outperform the existing color name descriptor on the task of visual tracking, person re-identification and image classification. |
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LAMP; NEUROBIT; 600.068; 600.109; 600.120 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ YYW2018 |
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3087 |
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Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Joost Van de Weijer; Muhammad Anwer Rao; Andrew Bagdanov; Michael Felsberg; Jorma |
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Title |
Scale coding bag of deep features for human attribute and action recognition |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Machine Vision and Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
MVAP |
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29 |
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1 |
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55-71 |
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Action recognition; Attribute recognition; Bag of deep features |
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Most approaches to human attribute and action recognition in still images are based on image representation in which multi-scale local features are pooled across scale into a single, scale-invariant encoding. Both in bag-of-words and the recently popular representations based on convolutional neural networks, local features are computed at multiple scales. However, these multi-scale convolutional features are pooled into a single scale-invariant representation. We argue that entirely scale-invariant image representations are sub-optimal and investigate approaches to scale coding within a bag of deep features framework. Our approach encodes multi-scale information explicitly during the image encoding stage. We propose two strategies to encode multi-scale information explicitly in the final image representation. We validate our two scale coding techniques on five datasets: Willow, PASCAL VOC 2010, PASCAL VOC 2012, Stanford-40 and Human Attributes (HAT-27). On all datasets, the proposed scale coding approaches outperform both the scale-invariant method and the standard deep features of the same network. Further, combining our scale coding approaches with standard deep features leads to consistent improvement over the state of the art. |
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LAMP; 600.068; 600.079; 600.106; 600.120 |
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Admin @ si @ KWR2018 |
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3107 |
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Albert Clapes; Alex Pardo; Oriol Pujol; Sergio Escalera |
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Title |
Action detection fusing multiple Kinects and a WIMU: an application to in-home assistive technology for the elderly |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Machine Vision and Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
MVAP |
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29 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
765–788 |
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Multimodal activity detection; Computer vision; Inertial sensors; Dense trajectories; Dynamic time warping; Assistive technology |
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We present a vision-inertial system which combines two RGB-Depth devices together with a wearable inertial movement unit in order to detect activities of the daily living. From multi-view videos, we extract dense trajectories enriched with a histogram of normals description computed from the depth cue and bag them into multi-view codebooks. During the later classification step a multi-class support vector machine with a RBF- 2 kernel combines the descriptions at kernel level. In order to perform action detection from the videos, a sliding window approach is utilized. On the other hand, we extract accelerations, rotation angles, and jerk features from the inertial data collected by the wearable placed on the user’s dominant wrist. During gesture spotting, a dynamic time warping is applied and the aligning costs to a set of pre-selected gesture sub-classes are thresholded to determine possible detections. The outputs of the two modules are combined in a late-fusion fashion. The system is validated in a real-case scenario with elderly from an elder home. Learning-based fusion results improve the ones from the single modalities, demonstrating the success of such multimodal approach. |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ CPP2018 |
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3125 |
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Author |
I. Sorodoc; S. Pezzelle; A. Herbelot; Mariella Dimiccoli; R. Bernardi |
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Title |
Learning quantification from images: A structured neural architecture |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Natural Language Engineering |
Abbreviated Journal |
NLE |
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24 |
Issue |
3 |
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363-392 |
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Major advances have recently been made in merging language and vision representations. Most tasks considered so far have confined themselves to the processing of objects and lexicalised relations amongst objects (content words). We know, however, that humans (even pre-school children) can abstract over raw multimodal data to perform certain types of higher level reasoning, expressed in natural language by function words. A case in point is given by their ability to learn quantifiers, i.e. expressions like few, some and all. From formal semantics and cognitive linguistics, we know that quantifiers are relations over sets which, as a simplification, we can see as proportions. For instance, in most fish are red, most encodes the proportion of fish which are red fish. In this paper, we study how well current neural network strategies model such relations. We propose a task where, given an image and a query expressed by an object–property pair, the system must return a quantifier expressing which proportions of the queried object have the queried property. Our contributions are twofold. First, we show that the best performance on this task involves coupling state-of-the-art attention mechanisms with a network architecture mirroring the logical structure assigned to quantifiers by classic linguistic formalisation. Second, we introduce a new balanced dataset of image scenarios associated with quantification queries, which we hope will foster further research in this area. |
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MILAB; no menciona |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ SPH2018 |
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3021 |
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Author |
Alejandro Cartas; Juan Marin; Petia Radeva; Mariella Dimiccoli |
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Title |
Batch-based activity recognition from egocentric photo-streams revisited |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Pattern Analysis and Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
PAA |
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21 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
953–965 |
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Egocentric vision; Lifelogging; Activity recognition; Deep learning; Recurrent neural networks |
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Wearable cameras can gather large amounts of image data that provide rich visual information about the daily activities of the wearer. Motivated by the large number of health applications that could be enabled by the automatic recognition of daily activities, such as lifestyle characterization for habit improvement, context-aware personal assistance and tele-rehabilitation services, we propose a system to classify 21 daily activities from photo-streams acquired by a wearable photo-camera. Our approach combines the advantages of a late fusion ensemble strategy relying on convolutional neural networks at image level with the ability of recurrent neural networks to account for the temporal evolution of high-level features in photo-streams without relying on event boundaries. The proposed batch-based approach achieved an overall accuracy of 89.85%, outperforming state-of-the-art end-to-end methodologies. These results were achieved on a dataset consists of 44,902 egocentric pictures from three persons captured during 26 days in average. |
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MILAB; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ CMR2018 |
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3186 |
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Author |
Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Horst Bunke; Umapada Pal |
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Title |
Product graph-based higher order contextual similarities for inexact subgraph matching |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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76 |
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596-611 |
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Many algorithms formulate graph matching as an optimization of an objective function of pairwise quantification of nodes and edges of two graphs to be matched. Pairwise measurements usually consider local attributes but disregard contextual information involved in graph structures. We address this issue by proposing contextual similarities between pairs of nodes. This is done by considering the tensor product graph (TPG) of two graphs to be matched, where each node is an ordered pair of nodes of the operand graphs. Contextual similarities between a pair of nodes are computed by accumulating weighted walks (normalized pairwise similarities) terminating at the corresponding paired node in TPG. Once the contextual similarities are obtained, we formulate subgraph matching as a node and edge selection problem in TPG. We use contextual similarities to construct an objective function and optimize it with a linear programming approach. Since random walk formulation through TPG takes into account higher order information, it is not a surprise that we obtain more reliable similarities and better discrimination among the nodes and edges. Experimental results shown on synthetic as well as real benchmarks illustrate that higher order contextual similarities increase discriminating power and allow one to find approximate solutions to the subgraph matching problem. |
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DAG; 602.167; 600.097; 600.121 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ DLB2018 |
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3083 |
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Author |
Sangheeta Roy; Palaiahnakote Shivakumara; Namita Jain; Vijeta Khare; Anjan Dutta; Umapada Pal; Tong Lu |
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Title |
Rough-Fuzzy based Scene Categorization for Text Detection and Recognition in Video |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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80 |
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64-82 |
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Rough set; Fuzzy set; Video categorization; Scene image classification; Video text detection; Video text recognition |
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Scene image or video understanding is a challenging task especially when number of video types increases drastically with high variations in background and foreground. This paper proposes a new method for categorizing scene videos into different classes, namely, Animation, Outlet, Sports, e-Learning, Medical, Weather, Defense, Economics, Animal Planet and Technology, for the performance improvement of text detection and recognition, which is an effective approach for scene image or video understanding. For this purpose, at first, we present a new combination of rough and fuzzy concept to study irregular shapes of edge components in input scene videos, which helps to classify edge components into several groups. Next, the proposed method explores gradient direction information of each pixel in each edge component group to extract stroke based features by dividing each group into several intra and inter planes. We further extract correlation and covariance features to encode semantic features located inside planes or between planes. Features of intra and inter planes of groups are then concatenated to get a feature matrix. Finally, the feature matrix is verified with temporal frames and fed to a neural network for categorization. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods, at the same time, the performances of text detection and recognition methods are also improved significantly due to categorization. |
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DAG; 600.097; 600.121 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ RSJ2018 |
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3096 |
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Author |
Jun Wan; Sergio Escalera; Francisco Perales; Josef Kittler |
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Title |
Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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79 |
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55-64 |
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This guest editorial introduces the twenty two papers accepted for this Special Issue on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects (AMDO). They are grouped into four main categories within the field of AMDO: human motion analysis (action/gesture), human pose estimation, deformable shape segmentation, and face analysis. For each of the four topics, a survey of the recent developments in the field is presented. The accepted papers are briefly introduced in the context of this survey. They contribute novel methods, algorithms with improved performance as measured on benchmarking datasets, as well as two new datasets for hand action detection and human posture analysis. The special issue should be of high relevance to the reader interested in AMDO recognition and promote future research directions in the field. |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ WEP2018 |
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3126 |
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Thanh Nam Le; Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman; Anjan Dutta; Pierre Heroux; Christophe Rigaud; Clement Guerin; Pasquale Foggia; Jean Christophe Burie; Jean Marc Ogier; Josep Llados; Sebastien Adam |
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Subgraph spotting in graph representations of comic book images |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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112 |
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118-124 |
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Attributed graph; Region adjacency graph; Graph matching; Graph isomorphism; Subgraph isomorphism; Subgraph spotting; Graph indexing; Graph retrieval; Query by example; Dataset and comic book images |
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Graph-based representations are the most powerful data structures for extracting, representing and preserving the structural information of underlying data. Subgraph spotting is an interesting research problem, especially for studying and investigating the structural information based content-based image retrieval (CBIR) and query by example (QBE) in image databases. In this paper we address the problem of lack of freely available ground-truthed datasets for subgraph spotting and present a new dataset for subgraph spotting in graph representations of comic book images (SSGCI) with its ground-truth and evaluation protocol. Experimental results of two state-of-the-art methods of subgraph spotting are presented on the new SSGCI dataset. |
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DAG; 600.097; 600.121 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ LLD2018 |
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3150 |
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Domicele Jonauskaite; Nele Dael; C. Alejandro Parraga; Laetitia Chevre; Alejandro Garcia Sanchez; Christine Mohr |
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Stripping #The Dress: The importance of contextual information on inter-individual differences in colour perception |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Psychological Research |
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PSYCHO R |
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1-15 |
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In 2015, a picture of a Dress (henceforth the Dress) triggered popular and scientific interest; some reported seeing the Dress in white and gold (W&G) and others in blue and black (B&B). We aimed to describe the phenomenon and investigate the role of contextualization. Few days after the Dress had appeared on the Internet, we projected it to 240 students on two large screens in the classroom. Participants reported seeing the Dress in B&B (48%), W&G (38%), or blue and brown (B&Br; 7%). Amongst numerous socio-demographic variables, we only observed that W&G viewers were most likely to have always seen the Dress as W&G. In the laboratory, we tested how much contextual information is necessary for the phenomenon to occur. Fifty-seven participants selected colours most precisely matching predominant colours of parts or the full Dress. We presented, in this order, small squares (a), vertical strips (b), and the full Dress (c). We found that (1) B&B, B&Br, and W&G viewers had selected colours differing in lightness and chroma levels for contextualized images only (b, c conditions) and hue for fully contextualized condition only (c) and (2) B&B viewers selected colours most closely matching displayed colours of the Dress. Thus, the Dress phenomenon emerges due to inter-individual differences in subjectively perceived lightness, chroma, and hue, at least when all aspects of the picture need to be integrated. Our results support the previous conclusions that contextual information is key to colour perception; it should be important to understand how this actually happens. |
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NEUROBIT; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ JDP2018 |
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3149 |
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Debora Gil; Rosa Maria Ortiz; Carles Sanchez; Antoni Rosell |
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Objective endoscopic measurements of central airway stenosis. A pilot study |
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2018 |
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Respiration |
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RES |
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95 |
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63–69 |
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Bronchoscopy; Tracheal stenosis; Airway stenosis; Computer-assisted analysis |
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Endoscopic estimation of the degree of stenosis in central airway obstruction is subjective and highly variable. Objective: To determine the benefits of using SENSA (System for Endoscopic Stenosis Assessment), an image-based computational software, for obtaining objective stenosis index (SI) measurements among a group of expert bronchoscopists and general pulmonologists. Methods: A total of 7 expert bronchoscopists and 7 general pulmonologists were enrolled to validate SENSA usage. The SI obtained by the physicians and by SENSA were compared with a reference SI to set their precision in SI computation. We used SENSA to efficiently obtain this reference SI in 11 selected cases of benign stenosis. A Web platform with three user-friendly microtasks was designed to gather the data. The users had to visually estimate the SI from videos with and without contours of the normal and the obstructed area provided by SENSA. The users were able to modify the SENSA contours to define the reference SI using morphometric bronchoscopy. Results: Visual SI estimation accuracy was associated with neither bronchoscopic experience (p = 0.71) nor the contours of the normal and the obstructed area provided by the system (p = 0.13). The precision of the SI by SENSA was 97.7% (95% CI: 92.4-103.7), which is significantly better than the precision of the SI by visual estimation (p < 0.001), with an improvement by at least 15%. Conclusion: SENSA provides objective SI measurements with a precision of up to 99.5%, which can be calculated from any bronchoscope using an affordable scalable interface. Providing normal and obstructed contours on bronchoscopic videos does not improve physicians' visual estimation of the SI. |
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IAM; 600.075; 600.096; 600.145 |
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Admin @ si @ GOS2018 |
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3043 |
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Marta Diez-Ferrer; Debora Gil; Cristian Tebe; Carles Sanchez |
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Title |
Positive Airway Pressure to Enhance Computed Tomography Imaging for Airway Segmentation for Virtual Bronchoscopic Navigation |
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2018 |
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RES |
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96 |
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6 |
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525-534 |
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Multidetector computed tomography; Bronchoscopy; Continuous positive airway pressure; Image enhancement; Virtual bronchoscopic navigation |
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Abstract
RATIONALE:
Virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) guidance to peripheral pulmonary lesions is often limited by insufficient segmentation of the peripheral airways.
OBJECTIVES:
To test the effect of applying positive airway pressure (PAP) during CT acquisition to improve segmentation, particularly at end-expiration.
METHODS:
CT acquisitions in inspiration and expiration with 4 PAP protocols were recorded prospectively and compared to baseline inspiratory acquisitions in 20 patients. The 4 protocols explored differences between devices (flow vs. turbine), exposures (within seconds vs. 15-min) and pressure levels (10 vs. 14 cmH2O). Segmentation quality was evaluated with the number of airways and number of endpoints reached. A generalized mixed-effects model explored the estimated effect of each protocol.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Patient characteristics and lung function did not significantly differ between protocols. Compared to baseline inspiratory acquisitions, expiratory acquisitions after 15 min of 14 cmH2O PAP segmented 1.63-fold more airways (95% CI 1.07-2.48; p = 0.018) and reached 1.34-fold more endpoints (95% CI 1.08-1.66; p = 0.004). Inspiratory acquisitions performed immediately under 10 cmH2O PAP reached 1.20-fold (95% CI 1.09-1.33; p < 0.001) more endpoints; after 15 min the increase was 1.14-fold (95% CI 1.05-1.24; p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS:
CT acquisitions with PAP segment more airways and reach more endpoints than baseline inspiratory acquisitions. The improvement is particularly evident at end-expiration after 15 min of 14 cmH2O PAP. Further studies must confirm that the improvement increases diagnostic yield when using VBN to evaluate peripheral pulmonary lesions. |
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IAM; 600.145 |
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Admin @ si @ DGT2018 |
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3135 |
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Mark Philip Philipsen; Jacob Velling Dueholm; Anders Jorgensen; Sergio Escalera; Thomas B. Moeslund |
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Title |
Organ Segmentation in Poultry Viscera Using RGB-D |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Sensors |
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SENS |
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18 |
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1 |
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117 |
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semantic segmentation; RGB-D; random forest; conditional random field; 2D; 3D; CNN |
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We present a pattern recognition framework for semantic segmentation of visual structures, that is, multi-class labelling at pixel level, and apply it to the task of segmenting organs in the eviscerated viscera from slaughtered poultry in RGB-D images. This is a step towards replacing the current strenuous manual inspection at poultry processing plants. Features are extracted from feature maps such as activation maps from a convolutional neural network (CNN). A random forest classifier assigns class probabilities, which are further refined by utilizing context in a conditional random field. The presented method is compatible with both 2D and 3D features, which allows us to explore the value of adding 3D and CNN-derived features. The dataset consists of 604 RGB-D images showing 151 unique sets of eviscerated viscera from four different perspectives. A mean Jaccard index of 78.11% is achieved across the four classes of organs by using features derived from 2D, 3D and a CNN, compared to 74.28% using only basic 2D image features. |
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HUPBA; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ PVJ2018 |
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3072 |
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Xavier Soria; Angel Sappa; Riad I. Hammoud |
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Wide-Band Color Imagery Restoration for RGB-NIR Single Sensor Images |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Sensors |
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SENS |
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18 |
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7 |
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2059 |
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RGB-NIR sensor; multispectral imaging; deep learning; CNNs |
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Multi-spectral RGB-NIR sensors have become ubiquitous in recent years. These sensors allow the visible and near-infrared spectral bands of a given scene to be captured at the same time. With such cameras, the acquired imagery has a compromised RGB color representation due to near-infrared bands (700–1100 nm) cross-talking with the visible bands (400–700 nm).
This paper proposes two deep learning-based architectures to recover the full RGB color images, thus removing the NIR information from the visible bands. The proposed approaches directly restore the high-resolution RGB image by means of convolutional neural networks. They are evaluated with several outdoor images; both architectures reach a similar performance when evaluated in different
scenarios and using different similarity metrics. Both of them improve the state of the art approaches. |
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ADAS; MSIAU; 600.086; 600.130; 600.122; 600.118 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ SSH2018 |
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3145 |
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Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; C. Aguilera; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Melamine Faced Panels Defect Classification beyond the Visible Spectrum |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
Publication |
Sensors |
Abbreviated Journal |
SENS |
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18 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1-10 |
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industrial application; infrared; machine learning |
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In this work, we explore the use of images from different spectral bands to classify defects in melamine faced panels, which could appear through the production process. Through experimental evaluation, we evaluate the use of images from the visible (VS), near-infrared (NIR), and long wavelength infrared (LWIR), to classify the defects using a feature descriptor learning approach together with a support vector machine classifier. Two descriptors were evaluated, Extended Local Binary Patterns (E-LBP) and SURF using a Bag of Words (BoW) representation. The evaluation was carried on with an image set obtained during this work, which contained five different defect categories that currently occurs in the industry. Results show that using images from beyond the visual spectrum helps to improve classification performance in contrast with a single visible spectrum solution. |
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MSIAU; 600.122 |
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Admin @ si @ AAS2018 |
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3191 |
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