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Author Aitor Alvarez-Gila; Adrian Galdran; Estibaliz Garrote; Joost Van de Weijer edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Self-supervised blur detection from synthetically blurred scenes Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication Image and Vision Computing Abbreviated Journal IMAVIS  
  Volume 92 Issue Pages 103804  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Blur detection aims at segmenting the blurred areas of a given image. Recent deep learning-based methods approach this problem by learning an end-to-end mapping between the blurred input and a binary mask representing the localization of its blurred areas. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of such deep models is limited due to the scarcity of datasets annotated in terms of blur segmentation, as blur annotation is labor intensive. In this work, we bypass the need for such annotated datasets for end-to-end learning, and instead rely on object proposals and a model for blur generation in order to produce a dataset of synthetically blurred images. This allows us to perform self-supervised learning over the generated image and ground truth blur mask pairs using CNNs, defining a framework that can be employed in purely self-supervised, weakly supervised or semi-supervised configurations. Interestingly, experimental results of such setups over the largest blur segmentation datasets available show that this approach achieves state of the art results in blur segmentation, even without ever observing any real blurred image.  
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  Notes LAMP; 600.109; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ AGG2019 Serial (down) 3301  
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Author Xialei Liu; Joost Van de Weijer; Andrew Bagdanov edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Exploiting Unlabeled Data in CNNs by Self-Supervised Learning to Rank Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 41 Issue 8 Pages 1862-1878  
  Keywords Task analysis;Training;Image quality;Visualization;Uncertainty;Labeling;Neural networks;Learning from rankings;image quality assessment;crowd counting;active learning  
  Abstract For many applications the collection of labeled data is expensive laborious. Exploitation of unlabeled data during training is thus a long pursued objective of machine learning. Self-supervised learning addresses this by positing an auxiliary task (different, but related to the supervised task) for which data is abundantly available. In this paper, we show how ranking can be used as a proxy task for some regression problems. As another contribution, we propose an efficient backpropagation technique for Siamese networks which prevents the redundant computation introduced by the multi-branch network architecture. We apply our framework to two regression problems: Image Quality Assessment (IQA) and Crowd Counting. For both we show how to automatically generate ranked image sets from unlabeled data. Our results show that networks trained to regress to the ground truth targets for labeled data and to simultaneously learn to rank unlabeled data obtain significantly better, state-of-the-art results for both IQA and crowd counting. In addition, we show that measuring network uncertainty on the self-supervised proxy task is a good measure of informativeness of unlabeled data. This can be used to drive an algorithm for active learning and we show that this reduces labeling effort by up to 50 percent.  
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  Notes LAMP; 600.109; 600.106; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number LWB2019 Serial (down) 3267  
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Author Carola Figueroa Flores; Abel Gonzalez-Garcia; Joost Van de Weijer; Bogdan Raducanu edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Saliency for fine-grained object recognition in domains with scarce training data Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 94 Issue Pages 62-73  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper investigates the role of saliency to improve the classification accuracy of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for the case when scarce training data is available. Our approach consists in adding a saliency branch to an existing CNN architecture which is used to modulate the standard bottom-up visual features from the original image input, acting as an attentional mechanism that guides the feature extraction process. The main aim of the proposed approach is to enable the effective training of a fine-grained recognition model with limited training samples and to improve the performance on the task, thereby alleviating the need to annotate a large dataset. The vast majority of saliency methods are evaluated on their ability to generate saliency maps, and not on their functionality in a complete vision pipeline. Our proposed pipeline allows to evaluate saliency methods for the high-level task of object recognition. We perform extensive experiments on various fine-grained datasets (Flowers, Birds, Cars, and Dogs) under different conditions and show that saliency can considerably improve the network’s performance, especially for the case of scarce training data. Furthermore, our experiments show that saliency methods that obtain improved saliency maps (as measured by traditional saliency benchmarks) also translate to saliency methods that yield improved performance gains when applied in an object recognition pipeline.  
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  Notes LAMP; OR; 600.109; 600.141; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ FGW2019 Serial (down) 3264  
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Author Mikhail Mozerov; Fei Yang; Joost Van de Weijer edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Sparse Data Interpolation Using the Geodesic Distance Affinity Space Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication IEEE Signal Processing Letters Abbreviated Journal SPL  
  Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages 943 - 947  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In this letter, we adapt the geodesic distance-based recursive filter to the sparse data interpolation problem. The proposed technique is general and can be easily applied to any kind of sparse data. We demonstrate its superiority over other interpolation techniques in three experiments for qualitative and quantitative evaluation. In addition, we compare our method with the popular interpolation algorithm presented in the paper on EpicFlow optical flow, which is intuitively motivated by a similar geodesic distance principle. The comparison shows that our algorithm is more accurate and considerably faster than the EpicFlow interpolation technique.  
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  Notes LAMP; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MYW2019 Serial (down) 3261  
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Author Xinhang Song; Shuqiang Jiang; Luis Herranz; Chengpeng Chen edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Learning Effective RGB-D Representations for Scene Recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 980-993  
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  Abstract Deep convolutional networks can achieve impressive results on RGB scene recognition thanks to large data sets such as places. In contrast, RGB-D scene recognition is still underdeveloped in comparison, due to two limitations of RGB-D data we address in this paper. The first limitation is the lack of depth data for training deep learning models. Rather than fine tuning or transferring RGB-specific features, we address this limitation by proposing an architecture and a two-step training approach that directly learns effective depth-specific features using weak supervision via patches. The resulting RGB-D model also benefits from more complementary multimodal features. Another limitation is the short range of depth sensors (typically 0.5 m to 5.5 m), resulting in depth images not capturing distant objects in the scenes that RGB images can. We show that this limitation can be addressed by using RGB-D videos, where more comprehensive depth information is accumulated as the camera travels across the scenes. Focusing on this scenario, we introduce the ISIA RGB-D video data set to evaluate RGB-D scene recognition with videos. Our video recognition architecture combines convolutional and recurrent neural networks that are trained in three steps with increasingly complex data to learn effective features (i.e., patches, frames, and sequences). Our approach obtains the state-of-the-art performances on RGB-D image (NYUD2 and SUN RGB-D) and video (ISIA RGB-D) scene recognition.  
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  Notes LAMP; 600.141; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SJH2019 Serial (down) 3247  
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