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Author |
Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Umapada Pal |
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Title |
A Bag-of-Paths Based Serialized Subgraph Matching for Symbol Spotting in Line Drawings |
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Conference Article |
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Year  |
2011 |
Publication |
5th Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis |
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Volume |
6669 |
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Pages |
620-627 |
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Abstract |
In this paper we propose an error tolerant subgraph matching algorithm based on bag-of-paths for solving the problem of symbol spotting in line drawings. Bag-of-paths is a factorized representation of graphs where the factorization is done by considering all the acyclic paths between each pair of connected nodes. Similar paths within the whole collection of documents are clustered and organized in a lookup table for efficient indexing. The lookup table contains the index key of each cluster and the corresponding list of locations as a single entry. The mean path of each of the clusters serves as the index key for each table entry. The spotting method is then formulated by a spatial voting scheme to the list of locations of the paths that are decided in terms of search of similar paths that compose the query symbol. Efficient indexing of common substructures helps to reduce the computational burden of usual graph based methods. The proposed method can also be seen as a way to serialize graphs which allows to reduce the complexity of the subgraph isomorphism. We have encoded the paths in terms of both attributed strings and turning functions, and presented a comparative results between them within the symbol spotting framework. Experimentations for matching different shape silhouettes are also reported and the method has been proved to work in noisy environment also. |
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Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Spain |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
Place of Publication |
Berlin |
Editor |
Jordi Vitria; Joao Miguel Raposo; Mario Hernandez |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-642-21256-7 |
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IbPRIA |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ DLP2011a |
Serial |
1738 |
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Author |
Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Umapada Pal |
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Title |
Bag-of-GraphPaths Descriptors for Symbol Recognition and Spotting in Line Drawings |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
In proceedings of 9th IAPR Workshop on Graphic Recognition |
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Graphical symbol recognition and spotting recently have become an important research activity. In this work we present a descriptor for symbols, especially for line drawings. The descriptor is based on the graph representation of graphical objects. We construct graphs from the vectorized information of the binarized images, where the critical points detected by the vectorization algorithm are considered as nodes and the lines joining them are considered as edges. Graph paths between two nodes in a graph are the finite sequences of nodes following the order from the starting to the final node. The occurrences of different graph paths in a given graph is an important feature, as they capture the geometrical and structural attributes of a graph. So the graph representing a symbol can efficiently be represent by the occurrences of its different paths. Their occurrences in a symbol can be obtained in terms of a histogram counting the number of some fixed prototype paths, we call the histogram as the Bag-of-GraphPaths (BOGP). These BOGP histograms are used as a descriptor to measure the distance among the symbols in vector space. We use the descriptor for three applications, they are: (1) classification of the graphical symbols, (2) spotting of the architectural symbols on floorplans, (3) classification of the historical handwritten words. |
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Seoul, Korea |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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0302-9743 |
ISBN |
978-3-642-36823-3 |
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GREC |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ DLP2011c |
Serial |
1825 |
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Author |
Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Umapada Pal |
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Title |
Symbol Spotting in Line Drawings Through Graph Paths Hashing |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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Pages |
982-986 |
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In this paper we propose a symbol spotting technique through hashing the shape descriptors of graph paths (Hamiltonian paths). Complex graphical structures in line drawings can be efficiently represented by graphs, which ease the accurate localization of the model symbol. Graph paths are the factorized substructures of graphs which enable robust recognition even in the presence of noise and distortion. In our framework, the entire database of the graphical documents is indexed in hash tables by the locality sensitive hashing (LSH) of shape descriptors of the paths. The hashing data structure aims to execute an approximate k-NN search in a sub-linear time. The spotting method is formulated by a spatial voting scheme to the list of locations of the paths that are decided during the hash table lookup process. We perform detailed experiments with various dataset of line drawings and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the technique. |
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Beijing, China |
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ISSN |
1520-5363 |
ISBN |
978-1-4577-1350-7 |
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Conference |
ICDAR |
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DAG |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ DLP2011b |
Serial |
1791 |
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Author |
Chenyang Fu; Kaida Xiao; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Sophie Wuerger |
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Title |
Investigation of Unique Hue Setting Changes with Ageing |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Chinese Optics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
COL |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
053301-1-5 |
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Abstract |
Clromatic sensitivity along the protan, deutan, and tritan lines and the loci of the unique hues (red, green, yellow, blue) for a very large sample (n = 185) of colour-normal observers ranging from 18 to 75 years of age are assessed. Visual judgments are obtained under normal viewing conditions using colour patches on self-luminous display under controlled adaptation conditions. Trivector discrimination thresholds show an increase as a function of age along the protan, deutan, and tritan axes, with the largest increase present along the tritan line, less pronounced shifts in unique hue settings are also observed. Based on the chromatic (protan, deutan, tritan) thresholds and using scaled cone signals, we predict the unique hue changes with ageing. A dependency on age for unique red and unique yellow for predicted hue angle is found. We conclude that the chromatic sensitivity deteriorates significantly with age, whereas the appearance of unique hues is much less affected, remaining almost constant despite the known changes in the ocular media. |
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DAG |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ XFW2011 |
Serial |
1818 |
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Author |
David Fernandez; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
Handwritten Word Spotting in Old Manuscript Images Using a Pseudo-Structural Descriptor Organized in a Hash Structure |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
5th Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6669 |
Issue |
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Pages |
628-635 |
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Abstract |
There are lots of historical handwritten documents with information that can be used for several studies and projects. The Document Image Analysis and Recognition community is interested in preserving these documents and extracting all the valuable information from them. Handwritten word-spotting is the pattern classification task which consists in detecting handwriting word images. In this work, we have used a query-by-example formalism: we have matched an input image with one or multiple images from handwritten documents to determine the distance that might indicate a correspondence. We have developed an approach based in characteristic Loci Features stored in a hash structure. Document images of the marriage licences of the Cathedral of Barcelona are used as the benchmarking database. |
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Address |
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Spain |
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Editor |
Jordi Vitria; Joao Miguel Raposo; Mario Hernandez |
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ISBN |
978-3-642-21256-7 |
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IbPRIA |
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DAG |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ FLF2011 |
Serial |
1742 |
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Author |
Dimosthenis Karatzas; Sergi Robles; Joan Mas; Farshad Nourbakhsh; Partha Pratim Roy |
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Title |
ICDAR 2011 Robust Reading Competition – Challege 1: Reading Text in Born-Digital Images (Web and Email) |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
1485-1490 |
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Abstract |
This paper presents the results of the first Challenge of ICDAR 2011 Robust Reading Competition. Challenge 1 is focused on the extraction of text from born-digital images, specifically from images found in Web pages and emails. The challenge was organized in terms of three tasks that look at different stages of the process: text localization, text segmentation and word recognition. In this paper we present the results of the challenge for all three tasks, and make an open call for continuous participation outside the context of ICDAR 2011. |
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Beijing, China |
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1520-5363 |
ISBN |
978-1-4577-1350-7 |
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Conference |
ICDAR |
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DAG |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ KRM2011 |
Serial |
1793 |
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Author |
Jaume Gibert; Ernest Valveny; Horst Bunke |
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Title |
Dimensionality Reduction for Graph of Words Embedding |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
8th IAPR-TC-15 International Workshop. Graph-Based Representations in Pattern Recognition |
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Volume |
6658 |
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Pages |
22-31 |
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The Graph of Words Embedding consists in mapping every graph of a given dataset to a feature vector by counting unary and binary relations between node attributes of the graph. While it shows good properties in classification problems, it suffers from high dimensionality and sparsity. These two issues are addressed in this article. Two well-known techniques for dimensionality reduction, kernel principal component analysis (kPCA) and independent component analysis (ICA), are applied to the embedded graphs. We discuss their performance compared to the classification of the original vectors on three different public databases of graphs. |
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Münster, Germany |
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Xiaoyi Jiang; Miquel Ferrer; Andrea Torsello |
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978-3-642-20843-0 |
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GbRPR |
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DAG |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ GVB2011a |
Serial |
1743 |
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Author |
Jaume Gibert; Ernest Valveny; Horst Bunke |
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Title |
Vocabulary Selection for Graph of Words Embedding |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
5th Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis |
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Volume |
6669 |
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216-223 |
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The Graph of Words Embedding consists in mapping every graph in a given dataset to a feature vector by counting unary and binary relations between node attributes of the graph. It has been shown to perform well for graphs with discrete label alphabets. In this paper we extend the methodology to graphs with n-dimensional continuous attributes by selecting node representatives. We propose three different discretization procedures for the attribute space and experimentally evaluate the dependence on both the selector and the number of node representatives. In the context of graph classification, the experimental results reveal that on two out of three public databases the proposed extension achieves superior performance over a standard reference system. |
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Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Spain |
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Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
Berlin |
Editor |
Vitria, Jordi; Sanches, João Miguel Raposo; Hernández, Mario |
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978-3-642-21256-7 |
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IbPRIA |
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DAG |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ GVB2011b |
Serial |
1744 |
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Author |
Jaume Gibert; Ernest Valveny; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Horst Bunke |
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Title |
Multiple Classifiers for Graph of Words Embedding |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
10th International Conference on Multiple Classifier Systems |
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Volume |
6713 |
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Pages |
36-45 |
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Abstract |
During the last years, there has been an increasing interest in applying the multiple classifier framework to the domain of structural pattern recognition. Constructing base classifiers when the input patterns are graph based representations is not an easy problem. In this work, we make use of the graph embedding methodology in order to construct different feature vector representations for graphs. The graph of words embedding assigns a feature vector to every graph by counting unary and binary relations between node representatives and combining these pieces of information into a single vector. Selecting different node representatives leads to different vectorial representations and therefore to different base classifiers that can be combined. We experimentally show how this methodology significantly improves the classification of graphs with respect to single base classifiers. |
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Napoles, Italy |
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Carlo Sansone; Josef Kittler; Fabio Roli |
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978-3-642-21556-8 |
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MCS |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @GVR2011 |
Serial |
1745 |
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Author |
Jon Almazan; Alicia Fornes; Ernest Valveny |
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Title |
A Non-Rigid Feature Extraction Method for Shape Recognition |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
987-991 |
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This paper presents a methodology for shape recognition that focuses on dealing with the difficult problem of large deformations. The proposed methodology consists in a novel feature extraction technique, which uses a non-rigid representation adaptable to the shape. This technique employs a deformable grid based on the computation of geometrical centroids that follows a region partitioning algorithm. Then, a feature vector is extracted by computing pixel density measures around these geometrical centroids. The result is a shape descriptor that adapts its representation to the given shape and encodes the pixel density distribution. The validity of the method when dealing with large deformations has been experimentally shown over datasets composed of handwritten shapes. It has been applied to signature verification and shape recognition tasks demonstrating high accuracy and low computational cost. |
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Beijing; China; September 2011 |
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978-0-7695-4520-2 |
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ICDAR |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ AFV2011 |
Serial |
1763 |
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