TY  - JOUR
AU  - Francisco Javier Orozco
AU  - Ognjen Rudovic
AU  - Jordi Gonzalez
AU  - Maja Pantic
PY  - 2013//
TI  - Hierarchical On-line Appearance-Based Tracking for 3D Head Pose, Eyebrows, Lips, Eyelids and Irises
T2  - IMAVIS
JO  - Image and Vision Computing
SP  - 322
EP  - 340
VL  - 31
IS  - 4
PB  - Elsevier
KW  - On-line appearance models
KW  - Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm
KW  - Line-search optimization
KW  - 3D face tracking
KW  - Facial action tracking
KW  - Eyelid tracking
KW  - Iris tracking
N2  - In this paper, we propose an On-line Appearance-Based Tracker (OABT) for simultaneous tracking of 3D head pose, lips, eyebrows, eyelids and irises in monocular video sequences. In contrast to previously proposed tracking approaches, which deal with face and gaze tracking separately, our OABT can also be used for eyelid and iris tracking, as well as 3D head pose, lips and eyebrows facial actions tracking. Furthermore, our approach applies an on-line learning of changes in the appearance of the tracked target. Hence, the prior training of appearance models, which usually requires a large amount of labeled facial images, is avoided. Moreover, the proposed method is built upon a hierarchical combination of three OABTs, which are optimized using a Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) enhanced with line-search procedures. This, in turn, makes the proposed method robust to changes in lighting conditions, occlusions and translucent textures, as evidenced by our experiments. Finally, the proposed method achieves head and facial actions tracking in real-time.
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2013.02.001
L1  - http://refbase.cvc.uab.es/files/ORG2013.pdf
N1  - ISE; 605.203; 302.012; 302.018; 600.049
ID  - Francisco Javier Orozco2013
ER  -