PT Journal
AU Francisco Javier Orozco
   Xavier Roca
   Jordi Gonzalez
TI Real-Time Gaze Tracking with Appearance-Based Models
SO Machine Vision Applications
JI MVAP
PY 2008
BP 353
EP 364
VL 20
IS 6
DI 10.1007/s00138-008-0130-6
DE Keywords Eyelid and iris tracking; Appearance models; Blinking; Iris saccade; Real-time gaze tracking
AB Psychological evidence has emphasized the importance of eye gaze analysis in human computer interaction and emotion interpretation. To this end, current image analysis algorithms take into consideration eye-lid and iris motion detection using colour information and edge detectors. However, eye movement is fast and and hence difficult to use to obtain a precise and robust tracking. Instead, ourmethod proposed to describe eyelid and iris movements as continuous variables using appearance-based tracking. This approach combines the strengths of adaptive appearance models, optimization methods and backtracking techniques.Thus,in the proposed method textures are learned on-line from near frontal images and illumination changes, occlusions and fast movements are managed. The method achieves real-time performance by combining two appearance-based trackers to abacktracking algorithm for eyelid estimation and another for iris estimation. These contributions represent a significant advance towards a reliable gaze motion description for HCI and expression analysis, where the strength of complementarymethodologies are combined to avoid using high quality images, colour information, texture training, camera settings and other time-consuming processes.
ER