PT Chapter
AU Fadi Dornaika
   Bogdan Raducanu
TI Subtle Facial Expression Recognition in Still Images and Videos
BT Advances in Face Image Analysis: Techniques and Technologies
PY 2011
BP 259
EP 277
IS 14
DI 10.4018/978-1-61520-991-0
AB This chapter addresses the recognition of basic facial expressions. It has three main contributions. First, the authors introduce a view- and texture independent schemes that exploits facial action parameters estimated by an appearance-based 3D face tracker. they represent the learned facial actions associated with different facial expressions by time series. Two dynamic recognition schemes are proposed: (1) the first is based on conditional predictive models and on an analysis-synthesis scheme, and (2) the second is based on examples allowing straightforward use of machine learning approaches. Second, the authors propose an efficient recognition scheme based on the detection of keyframes in videos. Third, the authors compare the dynamic scheme with a static one based on analyzing individual snapshots and show that in general the former performs better than the latter. The authors then provide evaluations of performance using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Non parametric Discriminant Analysis (NDA), and Support Vector Machines (SVM).
PI New York, USA
ER