@InProceedings{ParthaPratimRoy2009,
author="Partha Pratim Roy
and Umapada Pal
and Josep Llados",
title="Seal detection and recognition: An approach for document indexing",
booktitle="10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition",
year="2009",
pages="101--105",
abstract="Reliable indexing of documents having seal instances can be achieved by recognizing seal information. This paper presents a novel approach for detecting and classifying such multi-oriented seals in these documents. First, Hough Transform based methods are applied to extract the seal regions in documents. Next, isolated text characters within these regions are detected. Rotation and size invariant features and a support vector machine based classifier have been used to recognize these detected text characters. Next, for each pair of character, we encode their relative spatial organization using their distance and angular position with respect to the centre of the seal, and enter this code into a hash table. Given an input seal, we recognize the individual text characters and compute the code for pair-wise character based on the relative spatial organization. The code obtained from the input seal helps to retrieve model hypothesis from the hash table. The seal model to which we get maximum hypothesis is selected for the recognition of the input seal. The methodology is tested to index seal in rotation and size invariant environment and we obtained encouraging results.",
optnote="DAG",
optnote="exported from refbase (http://refbase.cvc.uab.es/show.php?record=1239), last updated on Tue, 17 Dec 2013 13:13:55 +0100",
isbn="978-1-4244-4500-4",
issn="1520-5363",
doi="10.1109/ICDAR.2009.128"
}