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Patricia Suarez; Dario Carpio; Angel Sappa |
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A Deep Learning Based Approach for Synthesizing Realistic Depth Maps |
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Conference Article |
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2023 |
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22nd International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing |
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14234 |
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369–380 |
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This paper presents a novel cycle generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) architecture for synthesizing high-quality depth maps from a given monocular image. The proposed architecture uses multiple loss functions, including cycle consistency, contrastive, identity, and least square losses, to enable the generation of realistic and high-fidelity depth maps. The proposed approach addresses this challenge by synthesizing depth maps from RGB images without requiring paired training data. Comparisons with several state-of-the-art approaches are provided showing the proposed approach overcome other approaches both in terms of quantitative metrics and visual quality. |
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Udine; Italia; Setember 2023 |
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ICIAP |
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Admin @ si @ SCS2023 |
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3968 |
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Jose Elias Yauri; M. Lagos; H. Vega-Huerta; P. de-la-Cruz; G.L.E Maquen-Niño; E. Condor-Tinoco |
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Detection of Epileptic Seizures Based-on Channel Fusion and Transformer Network in EEG Recordings |
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Journal Article |
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2023 |
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International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications |
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IJACSA |
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14 |
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5 |
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1067-1074 |
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Epilepsy; epilepsy detection; EEG; EEG channel fusion; convolutional neural network; self-attention |
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According to the World Health Organization, epilepsy affects more than 50 million people in the world, and specifically, 80% of them live in developing countries. Therefore, epilepsy has become among the major public issue for many governments and deserves to be engaged. Epilepsy is characterized by uncontrollable seizures in the subject due to a sudden abnormal functionality of the brain. Recurrence of epilepsy attacks change people’s lives and interferes with their daily activities. Although epilepsy has no cure, it could be mitigated with an appropriated diagnosis and medication. Usually, epilepsy diagnosis is based on the analysis of an electroencephalogram (EEG) of the patient. However, the process of searching for seizure patterns in a multichannel EEG recording is a visual demanding and time consuming task, even for experienced neurologists. Despite the recent progress in automatic recognition of epilepsy, the multichannel nature of EEG recordings still challenges current methods. In this work, a new method to detect epilepsy in multichannel EEG recordings is proposed. First, the method uses convolutions to perform channel fusion, and next, a self-attention network extracts temporal features to classify between interictal and ictal epilepsy states. The method was validated in the public CHB-MIT dataset using the k-fold cross-validation and achieved 99.74% of specificity and 99.15% of sensitivity, surpassing current approaches. |
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Admin @ si @ |
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3856 |
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P. Canals; Simone Balocco; O. Diaz; J. Li; A. Garcia Tornel; M. Olive Gadea; M. Ribo |
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A fully automatic method for vascular tortuosity feature extraction in the supra-aortic region: unraveling possibilities in stroke treatment planning |
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Journal Article |
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2023 |
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Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics |
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CMIG |
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104 |
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102170 |
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Artificial intelligence; Deep learning; Stroke; Thrombectomy; Vascular feature extraction; Vascular tortuosity |
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Vascular tortuosity of supra-aortic vessels is widely considered one of the main reasons for failure and delays in endovascular treatment of large vessel occlusion in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Characterization of tortuosity is a challenging task due to the lack of objective, robust and effective analysis tools. We present a fully automatic method for arterial segmentation, vessel labelling and tortuosity feature extraction applied to the supra-aortic region. A sample of 566 computed tomography angiography scans from acute ischemic stroke patients (aged 74.8 ± 12.9, 51.0% females) were used for training, validation and testing of a segmentation module based on a U-Net architecture (162 cases) and a vessel labelling module powered by a graph U-Net (566 cases). Successively, 30 cases were processed for testing of a tortuosity feature extraction module. Measurements obtained through automatic processing were compared to manual annotations from two observers for a thorough validation of the method. The proposed feature extraction method presented similar performance to the inter-rater variability observed in the measurement of 33 geometrical and morphological features of the arterial anatomy in the supra-aortic region. This system will contribute to the development of more complex models to advance the treatment of stroke by adding immediate automation, objectivity, repeatability and robustness to the vascular tortuosity characterization of patients. |
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MILAB |
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Admin @ si @ CBD2023 |
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4005 |
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Author |
Francesc Net; Marc Folia; Pep Casals; Lluis Gomez |
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Title |
Transductive Learning for Near-Duplicate Image Detection in Scanned Photo Collections |
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2023 |
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17th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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14191 |
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3-17 |
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Image deduplication; Near-duplicate images detection; Transductive Learning; Photographic Archives; Deep Learning |
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This paper presents a comparative study of near-duplicate image detection techniques in a real-world use case scenario, where a document management company is commissioned to manually annotate a collection of scanned photographs. Detecting duplicate and near-duplicate photographs can reduce the time spent on manual annotation by archivists. This real use case differs from laboratory settings as the deployment dataset is available in advance, allowing the use of transductive learning. We propose a transductive learning approach that leverages state-of-the-art deep learning architectures such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs). Our approach involves pre-training a deep neural network on a large dataset and then fine-tuning the network on the unlabeled target collection with self-supervised learning. The results show that the proposed approach outperforms the baseline methods in the task of near-duplicate image detection in the UKBench and an in-house private dataset. |
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San Jose; CA; USA; August 2023 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ NFC2023 |
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3859 |
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Author |
Khanh Nguyen; Ali Furkan Biten; Andres Mafla; Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Title |
Show, Interpret and Tell: Entity-Aware Contextualised Image Captioning in Wikipedia |
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Conference Article |
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2023 |
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Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence |
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37 |
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2 |
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1940-1948 |
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Humans exploit prior knowledge to describe images, and are able to adapt their explanation to specific contextual information given, even to the extent of inventing plausible explanations when contextual information and images do not match. In this work, we propose the novel task of captioning Wikipedia images by integrating contextual knowledge. Specifically, we produce models that jointly reason over Wikipedia articles, Wikimedia images and their associated descriptions to produce contextualized captions. The same Wikimedia image can be used to illustrate different articles, and the produced caption needs to be adapted to the specific context allowing us to explore the limits of the model to adjust captions to different contextual information. Dealing with out-of-dictionary words and Named Entities is a challenging task in this domain. To address this, we propose a pre-training objective, Masked Named Entity Modeling (MNEM), and show that this pretext task results to significantly improved models. Furthermore, we verify that a model pre-trained in Wikipedia generalizes well to News Captioning datasets. We further define two different test splits according to the difficulty of the captioning task. We offer insights on the role and the importance of each modality and highlight the limitations of our model. |
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Washington; USA; February 2023 |
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AAAI |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ NBM2023 |
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3860 |
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Author |
Parichehr Behjati; Pau Rodriguez; Carles Fernandez; Isabelle Hupont; Armin Mehri; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Single image super-resolution based on directional variance attention network |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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133 |
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108997 |
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Recent advances in single image super-resolution (SISR) explore the power of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to achieve better performance. However, most of the progress has been made by scaling CNN architectures, which usually raise computational demands and memory consumption. This makes modern architectures less applicable in practice. In addition, most CNN-based SR methods do not fully utilize the informative hierarchical features that are helpful for final image recovery. In order to address these issues, we propose a directional variance attention network (DiVANet), a computationally efficient yet accurate network for SISR. Specifically, we introduce a novel directional variance attention (DiVA) mechanism to capture long-range spatial dependencies and exploit inter-channel dependencies simultaneously for more discriminative representations. Furthermore, we propose a residual attention feature group (RAFG) for parallelizing attention and residual block computation. The output of each residual block is linearly fused at the RAFG output to provide access to the whole feature hierarchy. In parallel, DiVA extracts most relevant features from the network for improving the final output and preventing information loss along the successive operations inside the network. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of DiVANet over the state of the art in several datasets, while maintaining relatively low computation and memory footprint. The code is available at https://github.com/pbehjatii/DiVANet. |
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ISE |
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Admin @ si @ BPF2023 |
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3861 |
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Author |
Wenjuan Gong; Yue Zhang; Wei Wang; Peng Cheng; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Meta-MMFNet: Meta-learning-based Multi-model Fusion Network for Micro-expression Recognition |
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Journal Article |
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2023 |
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ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications |
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TMCCA |
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20 |
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2 |
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1–20 |
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Despite its wide applications in criminal investigations and clinical communications with patients suffering from autism, automatic micro-expression recognition remains a challenging problem because of the lack of training data and imbalanced classes problems. In this study, we proposed a meta-learning-based multi-model fusion network (Meta-MMFNet) to solve the existing problems. The proposed method is based on the metric-based meta-learning pipeline, which is specifically designed for few-shot learning and is suitable for model-level fusion. The frame difference and optical flow features were fused, deep features were extracted from the fused feature, and finally in the meta-learning-based framework, weighted sum model fusion method was applied for micro-expression classification. Meta-MMFNet achieved better results than state-of-the-art methods on four datasets. The code is available at https://github.com/wenjgong/meta-fusion-based-method. |
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Admin @ si @ GZW2023 |
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3862 |
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Bonifaz Stuhr; Jurgen Brauer; Bernhard Schick; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Masked Discriminators for Content-Consistent Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation |
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Miscellaneous |
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2023 |
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Arxiv |
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A common goal of unpaired image-to-image translation is to preserve content consistency between source images and translated images while mimicking the style of the target domain. Due to biases between the datasets of both domains, many methods suffer from inconsistencies caused by the translation process. Most approaches introduced to mitigate these inconsistencies do not constrain the discriminator, leading to an even more ill-posed training setup. Moreover, none of these approaches is designed for larger crop sizes. In this work, we show that masking the inputs of a global discriminator for both domains with a content-based mask is sufficient to reduce content inconsistencies significantly. However, this strategy leads to artifacts that can be traced back to the masking process. To reduce these artifacts, we introduce a local discriminator that operates on pairs of small crops selected with a similarity sampling strategy. Furthermore, we apply this sampling strategy to sample global input crops from the source and target dataset. In addition, we propose feature-attentive denormalization to selectively incorporate content-based statistics into the generator stream. In our experiments, we show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in photorealistic sim-to-real translation and weather translation and also performs well in day-to-night translation. Additionally, we propose the cKVD metric, which builds on the sKVD metric and enables the examination of translation quality at the class or category level. |
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Admin @ si @ SBS2023 |
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3863 |
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Wenwen Fu; Zhihong An; Wendong Huang; Haoran Sun; Wenjuan Gong; Jordi Gonzalez |
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A Spatio-Temporal Spotting Network with Sliding Windows for Micro-Expression Detection |
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2023 |
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Electronics |
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ELEC |
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12 |
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18 |
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3947 |
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micro-expression spotting; sliding window; key frame extraction |
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Micro-expressions reveal underlying emotions and are widely applied in political psychology, lie detection, law enforcement and medical care. Micro-expression spotting aims to detect the temporal locations of facial expressions from video sequences and is a crucial task in micro-expression recognition. In this study, the problem of micro-expression spotting is formulated as micro-expression classification per frame. We propose an effective spotting model with sliding windows called the spatio-temporal spotting network. The method involves a sliding window detection mechanism, combines the spatial features from the local key frames and the global temporal features and performs micro-expression spotting. The experiments are conducted on the CAS(ME)2 database and the SAMM Long Videos database, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art method by 30.58% for the CAS(ME)2 and 23.98% for the SAMM Long Videos according to overall F-scores. |
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Admin @ si @ FAH2023 |
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3864 |
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Maciej Wielgosz; Antonio Lopez; Muhamad Naveed Riaz |
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CARLA-BSP: a simulated dataset with pedestrians |
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2023 |
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Arxiv |
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We present a sample dataset featuring pedestrians generated using the ARCANE framework, a new framework for generating datasets in CARLA (0.9.13). We provide use cases for pedestrian detection, autoencoding, pose estimation, and pose lifting. We also showcase baseline results. |
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Admin @ si @ WLN2023 |
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3866 |
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Akhil Gurram; Antonio Lopez |
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On the Metrics for Evaluating Monocular Depth Estimation |
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2023 |
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Arxiv |
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Monocular Depth Estimation (MDE) is performed to produce 3D information that can be used in downstream tasks such as those related to on-board perception for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) or driver assistance. Therefore, a relevant arising question is whether the standard metrics for MDE assessment are a good indicator of the accuracy of future MDE-based driving-related perception tasks. We address this question in this paper. In particular, we take the task of 3D object detection on point clouds as a proxy of on-board perception. We train and test state-of-the-art 3D object detectors using 3D point clouds coming from MDE models. We confront the ranking of object detection results with the ranking given by the depth estimation metrics of the MDE models. We conclude that, indeed, MDE evaluation metrics give rise to a ranking of methods that reflects relatively well the 3D object detection results we may expect. Among the different metrics, the absolute relative (abs-rel) error seems to be the best for that purpose. |
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Admin @ si @ GuL2023 |
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3867 |
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Ahmed Salih; Ilaria Boscolo Galazzo; Zahra Raisi Estabragh; Steffen E Petersen; Gloria Menegaz; Petia Radeva |
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Characterizing the contribution of dependent features in XAI methods |
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2023 |
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Arxiv |
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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) provides tools to help understanding how the machine learning models work and reach a specific outcome. It helps to increase the interpretability of models and makes the models more trustworthy and transparent. In this context, many XAI methods were proposed being SHAP and LIME the most popular. However, the proposed methods assume that used predictors in the machine learning models are independent which in general is not necessarily true. Such assumption casts shadows on the robustness of the XAI outcomes such as the list of informative predictors. Here, we propose a simple, yet useful proxy that modifies the outcome of any XAI feature ranking method allowing to account for the dependency among the predictors. The proposed approach has the advantage of being model-agnostic as well as simple to calculate the impact of each predictor in the model in presence of collinearity. |
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MILAB |
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Admin @ si @ SBR2023 |
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3868 |
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Hao Fang; Ajian Liu; Jun Wan; Sergio Escalera; Chenxu Zhao; Xu Zhang; Stan Z Li; Zhen Lei |
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Surveillance Face Anti-spoofing |
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2023 |
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Arxiv |
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Face Anti-spoofing (FAS) is essential to secure face recognition systems from various physical attacks. However, recent research generally focuses on short-distance applications (i.e., phone unlocking) while lacking consideration of long-distance scenes (i.e., surveillance security checks). In order to promote relevant research and fill this gap in the community, we collect a large-scale Surveillance High-Fidelity Mask (SuHiFiMask) dataset captured under 40 surveillance scenes, which has 101 subjects from different age groups with 232 3D attacks (high-fidelity masks), 200 2D attacks (posters, portraits, and screens), and 2 adversarial attacks. In this scene, low image resolution and noise interference are new challenges faced in surveillance FAS. Together with the SuHiFiMask dataset, we propose a Contrastive Quality-Invariance Learning (CQIL) network to alleviate the performance degradation caused by image quality from three aspects: (1) An Image Quality Variable module (IQV) is introduced to recover image information associated with discrimination by combining the super-resolution network. (2) Using generated sample pairs to simulate quality variance distributions to help contrastive learning strategies obtain robust feature representation under quality variation. (3) A Separate Quality Network (SQN) is designed to learn discriminative features independent of image quality. Finally, a large number of experiments verify the quality of the SuHiFiMask dataset and the superiority of the proposed CQIL. |
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HUPBA |
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Admin @ si @ FLW2023 |
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3869 |
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Senmao Li; Joost van de Weijer; Taihang Hu; Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Qibin Hou; Yaxing Wang; Jian Yang |
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StyleDiffusion: Prompt-Embedding Inversion for Text-Based Editing |
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Miscellaneous |
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2023 |
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Arxiv |
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A significant research effort is focused on exploiting the amazing capacities of pretrained diffusion models for the editing of images. They either finetune the model, or invert the image in the latent space of the pretrained model. However, they suffer from two problems: (1) Unsatisfying results for selected regions, and unexpected changes in nonselected regions. (2) They require careful text prompt editing where the prompt should include all visual objects in the input image. To address this, we propose two improvements: (1) Only optimizing the input of the value linear network in the cross-attention layers, is sufficiently powerful to reconstruct a real image. (2) We propose attention regularization to preserve the object-like attention maps after editing, enabling us to obtain accurate style editing without invoking significant structural changes. We further improve the editing technique which is used for the unconditional branch of classifier-free guidance, as well as the conditional one as used by P2P. Extensive experimental prompt-editing results on a variety of images, demonstrate qualitatively and quantitatively that our method has superior editing capabilities than existing and concurrent works. |
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LAMP |
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Admin @ si @ LWH2023 |
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3870 |
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Antonio Carta; Andrea Cossu; Vincenzo Lomonaco; Davide Bacciu; Joost Van de Weijer |
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Projected Latent Distillation for Data-Agnostic Consolidation in Distributed Continual Learning |
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2023 |
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Arxiv |
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Distributed learning on the edge often comprises self-centered devices (SCD) which learn local tasks independently and are unwilling to contribute to the performance of other SDCs. How do we achieve forward transfer at zero cost for the single SCDs? We formalize this problem as a Distributed Continual Learning scenario, where SCD adapt to local tasks and a CL model consolidates the knowledge from the resulting stream of models without looking at the SCD's private data. Unfortunately, current CL methods are not directly applicable to this scenario. We propose Data-Agnostic Consolidation (DAC), a novel double knowledge distillation method that consolidates the stream of SC models without using the original data. DAC performs distillation in the latent space via a novel Projected Latent Distillation loss. Experimental results show that DAC enables forward transfer between SCDs and reaches state-of-the-art accuracy on Split CIFAR100, CORe50 and Split TinyImageNet, both in reharsal-free and distributed CL scenarios. Somewhat surprisingly, even a single out-of-distribution image is sufficient as the only source of data during consolidation. |
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LAMP |
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Admin @ si @ CCL2023 |
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3871 |
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