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Author Jose Luis Gomez; Gabriel Villalonga; Antonio Lopez edit  url
openurl 
  Title Co-Training for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation of Semantic Segmentation Models Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Sensors – Special Issue on “Machine Learning for Autonomous Driving Perception and Prediction” Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 621  
  Keywords Domain adaptation; semi-supervised learning; Semantic segmentation; Autonomous driving  
  Abstract Semantic image segmentation is a central and challenging task in autonomous driving, addressed by training deep models. Since this training draws to a curse of human-based image labeling, using synthetic images with automatically generated labels together with unlabeled real-world images is a promising alternative. This implies to address an unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) problem. In this paper, we propose a new co-training procedure for synth-to-real UDA of semantic
segmentation models. It consists of a self-training stage, which provides two domain-adapted models, and a model collaboration loop for the mutual improvement of these two models. These models are then used to provide the final semantic segmentation labels (pseudo-labels) for the real-world images. The overall
procedure treats the deep models as black boxes and drives their collaboration at the level of pseudo-labeled target images, i.e., neither modifying loss functions is required, nor explicit feature alignment. We test our proposal on standard synthetic and real-world datasets for on-board semantic segmentation. Our
procedure shows improvements ranging from ∼13 to ∼26 mIoU points over baselines, so establishing new state-of-the-art results.
 
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  Notes ADAS; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GVL2023 Serial 3705  
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Author Gabriel Villalonga; Joost Van de Weijer; Antonio Lopez edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Recognizing new classes with synthetic data in the loop: application to traffic sign recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume 20 Issue 3 Pages 583  
  Keywords  
  Abstract On-board vision systems may need to increase the number of classes that can be recognized in a relatively short period. For instance, a traffic sign recognition system may suddenly be required to recognize new signs. Since collecting and annotating samples of such new classes may need more time than we wish, especially for uncommon signs, we propose a method to generate these samples by combining synthetic images and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) technology. In particular, the GAN is trained on synthetic and real-world samples from known classes to perform synthetic-to-real domain adaptation, but applied to synthetic samples of the new classes. Using the Tsinghua dataset with a synthetic counterpart, SYNTHIA-TS, we have run an extensive set of experiments. The results show that the proposed method is indeed effective, provided that we use a proper Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to perform the traffic sign recognition (classification) task as well as a proper GAN to transform the synthetic images. Here, a ResNet101-based classifier and domain adaptation based on CycleGAN performed extremely well for a ratio∼ 1/4 for new/known classes; even for more challenging ratios such as∼ 4/1, the results are also very positive.  
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  Notes LAMP; ADAS; 600.118; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ VWL2020 Serial 3405  
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Author Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; Cristhian Aguilera; Cristobal A. Navarro; Angel Sappa edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Fast CNN Stereo Depth Estimation through Embedded GPU Devices Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume 20 Issue 11 Pages 3249  
  Keywords stereo matching; deep learning; embedded GPU  
  Abstract Current CNN-based stereo depth estimation models can barely run under real-time constraints on embedded graphic processing unit (GPU) devices. Moreover, state-of-the-art evaluations usually do not consider model optimization techniques, being that it is unknown what is the current potential on embedded GPU devices. In this work, we evaluate two state-of-the-art models on three different embedded GPU devices, with and without optimization methods, presenting performance results that illustrate the actual capabilities of embedded GPU devices for stereo depth estimation. More importantly, based on our evaluation, we propose the use of a U-Net like architecture for postprocessing the cost-volume, instead of a typical sequence of 3D convolutions, drastically augmenting the runtime speed of current models. In our experiments, we achieve real-time inference speed, in the range of 5–32 ms, for 1216 × 368 input stereo images on the Jetson TX2, Jetson Xavier, and Jetson Nano embedded devices.  
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  Notes MSIAU; 600.122 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ AAN2020 Serial 3428  
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Author Ikechukwu Ofodile; Ahmed Helmi; Albert Clapes; Egils Avots; Kerttu Maria Peensoo; Sandhra Mirella Valdma; Andreas Valdmann; Heli Valtna Lukner; Sergey Omelkov; Sergio Escalera; Cagri Ozcinar; Gholamreza Anbarjafari edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Action recognition using single-pixel time-of-flight detection Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication Entropy Abbreviated Journal ENTROPY  
  Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 414  
  Keywords single pixel single photon image acquisition; time-of-flight; action recognition  
  Abstract Action recognition is a challenging task that plays an important role in many robotic systems, which highly depend on visual input feeds. However, due to privacy concerns, it is important to find a method which can recognise actions without using visual feed. In this paper, we propose a concept for detecting actions while preserving the test subject’s privacy. Our proposed method relies only on recording the temporal evolution of light pulses scattered back from the scene.
Such data trace to record one action contains a sequence of one-dimensional arrays of voltage values acquired by a single-pixel detector at 1 GHz repetition rate. Information about both the distance to the object and its shape are embedded in the traces. We apply machine learning in the form of recurrent neural networks for data analysis and demonstrate successful action recognition. The experimental results show that our proposed method could achieve on average 96.47% accuracy on the actions walking forward, walking backwards, sitting down, standing up and waving hand, using recurrent
neural network.
 
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  Notes HuPBA; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ OHC2019 Serial 3319  
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Author Mohammad Naser Sabet; Pau Buch Cardona; Egils Avots; Kamal Nasrollahi; Sergio Escalera; Thomas B. Moeslund; Gholamreza Anbarjafari edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Privacy-Constrained Biometric System for Non-cooperative Users Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication Entropy Abbreviated Journal ENTROPY  
  Volume 21 Issue 11 Pages 1033  
  Keywords biometric recognition; multimodal-based human identification; privacy; deep learning  
  Abstract With the consolidation of the new data protection regulation paradigm for each individual within the European Union (EU), major biometric technologies are now confronted with many concerns related to user privacy in biometric deployments. When individual biometrics are disclosed, the sensitive information about his/her personal data such as financial or health are at high risk of being misused or compromised. This issue can be escalated considerably over scenarios of non-cooperative users, such as elderly people residing in care homes, with their inability to interact conveniently and securely with the biometric system. The primary goal of this study is to design a novel database to investigate the problem of automatic people recognition under privacy constraints. To do so, the collected data-set contains the subject’s hand and foot traits and excludes the face biometrics of individuals in order to protect their privacy. We carried out extensive simulations using different baseline methods, including deep learning. Simulation results show that, with the spatial features extracted from the subject sequence in both individual hand or foot videos, state-of-the-art deep models provide promising recognition performance.  
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  Notes HuPBA; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ NBA2019 Serial 3313  
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Author L. Rothacker; Marçal Rusiñol; Josep Llados; G.A. Fink edit  url
openurl 
  Title A Two-stage Approach to Segmentation-Free Query-by-example Word Spotting Type Journal
  Year 2014 Publication Manuscript Cultures Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages 47-58  
  Keywords  
  Abstract With the ongoing progress in digitization, huge document collections and archives have become available to a broad audience. Scanned document images can be transmitted electronically and studied simultaneously throughout the world. While this is very beneficial, it is often impossible to perform automated searches on these document collections. Optical character recognition usually fails when it comes to handwritten or historic documents. In order to address the need for exploring document collections rapidly, researchers are working on word spotting. In query-by-example word spotting scenarios, the user selects an exemplary occurrence of the query word in a document image. The word spotting system then retrieves all regions in the collection that are visually similar to the given example of the query word. The best matching regions are presented to the user and no actual transcription is required.
An important property of a word spotting system is the computational speed with which queries can be executed. In our previous work, we presented a relatively slow but high-precision method. In the present work, we will extend this baseline system to an integrated two-stage approach. In a coarse-grained first stage, we will filter document images efficiently in order to identify regions that are likely to contain the query word. In the fine-grained second stage, these regions will be analyzed with our previously presented high-precision method. Finally, we will report recognition results and query times for the well-known George Washington
benchmark in our evaluation. We achieve state-of-the-art recognition results while the query times can be reduced to 50% in comparison with our baseline.
 
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  Notes DAG; 600.061; 600.077 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Serial 3190  
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Author Adrien Pavao; Isabelle Guyon; Anne-Catherine Letournel; Dinh-Tuan Tran; Xavier Baro; Hugo Jair Escalante; Sergio Escalera; Tyler Thomas; Zhen Xu edit  url
openurl 
  Title CodaLab Competitions: An Open Source Platform to Organize Scientific Challenges Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Journal of Machine Learning Research Abbreviated Journal JMLR  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract CodaLab Competitions is an open source web platform designed to help data scientists and research teams to crowd-source the resolution of machine learning problems through the organization of competitions, also called challenges or contests. CodaLab Competitions provides useful features such as multiple phases, results and code submissions, multi-score leaderboards, and jobs running
inside Docker containers. The platform is very flexible and can handle large scale experiments, by allowing organizers to upload large datasets and provide their own CPU or GPU compute workers.
 
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  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PGL2023 Serial 3973  
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Author Diana Ramirez Cifuentes; Ana Freire; Ricardo Baeza Yates; Joaquim Punti Vidal; Pilar Medina Bravo; Diego Velazquez; Josep M. Gonfaus; Jordi Gonzalez edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Detection of Suicidal Ideation on Social Media: Multimodal, Relational, and Behavioral Analysis Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Journal of Medical Internet Research Abbreviated Journal JMIR  
  Volume 22 Issue 7 Pages e17758  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Background:
Suicide risk assessment usually involves an interaction between doctors and patients. However, a significant number of people with mental disorders receive no treatment for their condition due to the limited access to mental health care facilities; the reduced availability of clinicians; the lack of awareness; and stigma, neglect, and discrimination surrounding mental disorders. In contrast, internet access and social media usage have increased significantly, providing experts and patients with a means of communication that may contribute to the development of methods to detect mental health issues among social media users.

Objective:
This paper aimed to describe an approach for the suicide risk assessment of Spanish-speaking users on social media. We aimed to explore behavioral, relational, and multimodal data extracted from multiple social platforms and develop machine learning models to detect users at risk.

Methods:
We characterized users based on their writings, posting patterns, relations with other users, and images posted. We also evaluated statistical and deep learning approaches to handle multimodal data for the detection of users with signs of suicidal ideation (suicidal ideation risk group). Our methods were evaluated over a dataset of 252 users annotated by clinicians. To evaluate the performance of our models, we distinguished 2 control groups: users who make use of suicide-related vocabulary (focused control group) and generic random users (generic control group).

Results:
We identified significant statistical differences between the textual and behavioral attributes of each of the control groups compared with the suicidal ideation risk group. At a 95% CI, when comparing the suicidal ideation risk group and the focused control group, the number of friends (P=.04) and median tweet length (P=.04) were significantly different. The median number of friends for a focused control user (median 578.5) was higher than that for a user at risk (median 372.0). Similarly, the median tweet length was higher for focused control users, with 16 words against 13 words of suicidal ideation risk users. Our findings also show that the combination of textual, visual, relational, and behavioral data outperforms the accuracy of using each modality separately. We defined text-based baseline models based on bag of words and word embeddings, which were outperformed by our models, obtaining an increase in accuracy of up to 8% when distinguishing users at risk from both types of control users.

Conclusions:
The types of attributes analyzed are significant for detecting users at risk, and their combination outperforms the results provided by generic, exclusively text-based baseline models. After evaluating the contribution of image-based predictive models, we believe that our results can be improved by enhancing the models based on textual and relational features. These methods can be extended and applied to different use cases related to other mental disorders.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISE; 600.098; 600.119 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RFB2020 Serial 3552  
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Author Gholamreza Anbarjafari; Sergio Escalera edit  url
isbn  openurl
  Title Human-Robot Interaction: Theory and Application Type Book Whole
  Year 2018 Publication Human-Robot Interaction: Theory and Application Abbreviated Journal  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-1-78923-316-2 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ AnE2018 Serial 3216  
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Author Patricia Suarez; Angel Sappa edit  url
openurl 
  Title A Generative Model for Guided Thermal Image Super-Resolution Type Conference Article
  Year 2024 Publication 19th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper presents a novel approach for thermal super-resolution based on a fusion prior, low-resolution thermal image and H brightness channel of the corresponding visible spectrum image. The method combines bicubic interpolation of the ×8 scale target image with the brightness component. To enhance the guidance process, the original RGB image is converted to HSV, and the brightness channel is extracted. Bicubic interpolation is then applied to the low-resolution thermal image, resulting in a Bicubic-Brightness channel blend. This luminance-bicubic fusion is used as an input image to help the training process. With this fused image, the cyclic adversarial generative network obtains high-resolution thermal image results. Experimental evaluations show that the proposed approach significantly improves spatial resolution and pixel intensity levels compared to other state-of-the-art techniques, making it a promising method to obtain high-resolution thermal.  
  Address Roma; Italia; February 2024  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference VISAPP  
  Notes MSIAU Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SuS2024 Serial 4002  
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Author Mohamed Ramzy Ibrahim; Robert Benavente; Daniel Ponsa; Felipe Lumbreras edit  url
openurl 
  Title SWViT-RRDB: Shifted Window Vision Transformer Integrating Residual in Residual Dense Block for Remote Sensing Super-Resolution Type Conference Article
  Year 2024 Publication 19th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract Remote sensing applications, impacted by acquisition season and sensor variety, require high-resolution images. Transformer-based models improve satellite image super-resolution but are less effective than convolutional neural networks (CNNs) at extracting local details, crucial for image clarity. This paper introduces SWViT-RRDB, a new deep learning model for satellite imagery super-resolution. The SWViT-RRDB, combining transformer with convolution and attention blocks, overcomes the limitations of existing models by better representing small objects in satellite images. In this model, a pipeline of residual fusion group (RFG) blocks is used to combine the multi-headed self-attention (MSA) with residual in residual dense block (RRDB). This combines global and local image data for better super-resolution. Additionally, an overlapping cross-attention block (OCAB) is used to enhance fusion and allow interaction between neighboring pixels to maintain long-range pixel dependencies across the image. The SWViT-RRDB model and its larger variants outperform state-of-the-art (SoTA) models on two different satellite datasets in terms of PSNR and SSIM.  
  Address Roma; Italia; February 2024  
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  Notes MSIAU Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RBP2024 Serial 4004  
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Author Hector Laria Mantecon; Kai Wang; Joost Van de Weijer; Bogdan Raducanu; Kai Wang edit  url
openurl 
  Title NeRF-Diffusion for 3D-Consistent Face Generation and Editing Type Conference Article
  Year 2024 Publication 19th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Generating high-fidelity 3D-aware images without 3D supervision is a valuable capability in various applications. Current methods based on NeRF features, SDF information, or triplane features have limited variation after training. To address this, we propose a novel approach that combines pretrained models for shape and content generation. Our method leverages a pretrained Neural Radiance Field as a shape prior and a diffusion model for content generation. By conditioning the diffusion model with 3D features, we enhance its ability to generate novel views with 3D awareness. We introduce a consistency token shared between the NeRF module and the diffusion model to maintain 3D consistency during sampling. Moreover, our framework allows for text editing of 3D-aware image generation, enabling users to modify the style over 3D views while preserving semantic content. Our contributions include incorporating 3D awareness into a text-to-image model, addressing identity consistency in 3D view synthesis, and enabling text editing of 3D-aware image generation. We provide detailed explanations, including the shape prior based on the NeRF model and the content generation process using the diffusion model. We also discuss challenges such as shape consistency and sampling saturation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and visual quality of our approach.  
  Address Roma; Italia; February 2024  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference VISAPP  
  Notes LAMP Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ LWW2024 Serial 4003  
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Author Angel Sappa; Patricia Suarez; Henry Velesaca; Dario Carpio edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Domain Adaptation in Image Dehazing: Exploring the Usage of Images from Virtual Scenarios Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication 16th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Visualization, Computer Vision and Image Processing Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 85-92  
  Keywords Domain adaptation; Synthetic hazed dataset; Dehazing  
  Abstract This work presents a novel domain adaptation strategy for deep learning-based approaches to solve the image dehazing
problem. Firstly, a large set of synthetic images is generated by using a realistic 3D graphic simulator; these synthetic
images contain different densities of haze, which are used for training the model that is later adapted to any real scenario.
The adaptation process requires just a few images to fine-tune the model parameters. The proposed strategy allows
overcoming the limitation of training a given model with few images. In other words, the proposed strategy implements
the adaptation of a haze removal model trained with synthetic images to real scenarios. It should be noticed that it is quite
difficult, if not impossible, to have large sets of pairs of real-world images (with and without haze) to train in a supervised
way dehazing algorithms. Experimental results are provided showing the validity of the proposed domain adaptation
strategy.
 
  Address Lisboa; Portugal; July 2022  
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  Area Expedition Conference CGVCVIP  
  Notes MSIAU; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SSV2022 Serial 3804  
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Author Y. Mori; M.Misawa; Jorge Bernal; M. Bretthauer; S.Kudo; A. Rastogi; Gloria Fernandez Esparrach edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Artificial Intelligence for Disease Diagnosis-the Gold Standard Challenge Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 96 Issue 2 Pages 370-372  
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  Notes ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MMB2022 Serial 3701  
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Author Zahra Raisi-Estabragh; Carlos Martin-Isla; Louise Nissen; Liliana Szabo; Victor M. Campello; Sergio Escalera; Simon Winther; Morten Bottcher; Karim Lekadir; and Steffen E. Petersen edit  url
openurl 
  Title Radiomics analysis enhances the diagnostic performance of CMR stress perfusion: a proof-of-concept study using the Dan-NICAD dataset Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine Abbreviated Journal FCM  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Notes HUPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RMN2023 Serial 3937  
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